Classification: urban credit cooperatives: urban craftsmen, small enterprises mainly residents. Rural credit cooperative: a combination of farmers engaged in agriculture, fisheries and forestry. Use of funds: providing short-term loans to members. Provide consumer credit. Provide bill discount. Part of it is used for securities investment. Other businesses:
Accept securities transfer, pay interest and dividend distribution, act as an agent for company business and protective deposit business. Commercial banks are products of market economy and financial organizations formed to meet the needs of market economy development and socialized mass production.
Nature: It has the characteristics of general enterprises: profit maximization, self-financing and self-development. It has the characteristics of general financial institutions: operating monetary funds and acting as a financial intermediary. Different from general financial institutions: it is a comprehensive and all-round financial institution; It is the most important basis and way for the central bank to implement monetary policy. Function:
Commercial banks have the functions of credit intermediary, payment intermediary, financial service, credit creation and economic adjustment in modern economic activities, and play an important role in national economic activities through these functions. The business activities of commercial banks have an important impact on the money supply of the whole society and become an important basis for the state to implement macroeconomic policies. Credit intermediary: Credit intermediary refers to the role of commercial banks as an intermediary connecting deficit units and surplus units in economic activities. Credit intermediary is the most basic function of commercial banks, which plays a multi-level regulatory role in the national economy: transforming idle money into capital; Make full use of idle capital; Convert short-term funds into long-term funds. Payment intermediary: Payment intermediary refers to commercial banks' business activities such as currency settlement, currency receipt and payment, currency exchange and deposit transfer for customers through the transfer of funds in their current deposit accounts by means of checks. Commercial banks play the role of payment intermediary with two main functions: saving circulation costs; Reduce the cost of bank financing and expand the source of bank funds. Credit creation: Credit creation means that commercial banks increase the sources of funds and expand the social money supply by absorbing demand deposits and issuing loans. The function of commercial banks to create credit mainly lies in the creation of circulation tools and payment means such as deposit currency, which can not only save cash use and reduce social circulation costs, but also meet the needs of social and economic development for circulation means and payment means. Financial service: Financial service refers to the special position and advantages of commercial banks in the national economy, such as extensive contacts and well-informed information, and a large amount of information obtained in the process of playing the role of credit intermediary and payment intermediary. With the help of advanced means and tools such as computers, financial services such as financial consultation, financing agency, trust lease, collection and payment are provided to customers. Through the financial service function, commercial banks not only improve the utilization value of information and information technology, but also strengthen the connection between banks and society and expand the market share of banks; At the same time, it also obtained a lot of fee income, which improved the profitability of the bank.