? Be loyal and trustworthy.
Loyal, centered, honest and fair. Shuo Wen Jie Zi is interpreted as "loyalty, respect and devotion". Therefore, "the world is the most virtuous and loyal." He also said that "loyal people are also called." The letter means honest and reliable, and does not deceive people. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Ye Cheng. From people to words. Got it. Loyalty and faithfulness add up to faithfulness.
There is no doubt that loyalty involves people's moral cultivation and code of conduct. Confucius regarded it as the foundation of Confucian self-cultivation and life. "Confucius has four religions: literature, conduct, loyalty and faithfulness." (The Analects of Confucius) "Loyalty and faithfulness, therefore I entered Germany." ("Zhouyi Classical Chinese") and practice: "A city with ten rooms must be loyal and honest." (The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang) also uses it to educate students: ask about behavior, Confucius said: "Loyalty and respect, although it is a barbarian country, it will do." Is it true that you are disloyal and disrespectful, although you are in a state? "All of a sudden you can see that he is involved in the front, but now you can see that he is leaning on the balance, and then he will do it." Zhang Zi asked how his idea was realized. Confucius said, "Faithful words and sincere and respectful actions can work even in a wild place. Is it feasible to speak disloyally and behave disrespectfully, even in your own state? Standing, I seem to see the words "loyalty and honor" standing straight in front of me; When I was riding in the car, I seemed to see these words leaning against the crossbar of the shaft. After this, it will do. " ("The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong")
Loyalty, as a virtue, has always been valued by rulers and regarded as the standard for selecting and appointing talents. Therefore, Confucian scholars throughout the ages took "faithfulness" as their life creed.
Zeng Shen, Confucius' favorite pupil, was particularly prominent: "I saved three times a day and was unfaithful to others." Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? "Do a lot of self-reflection every day: Have you ever been loyal to others? Have you been honest in your communication and cooperation with your friends? Do you often practice what the teacher teaches?
Faithfulness and loyalty are words and deeds. Ceng Zi's wife went to the market, and the child cried and wanted to follow, so her wife promised to come back and kill pigs for him. When his wife came home from the party, Ceng Zi caught some pigs and killed them. The wife stopped and said, "I'm just joking with the children." Ceng Zi said, "You can't joke with children. If children are not sensible, they should learn from their parents and listen to their instructions. Now that you are coaxing him, you are teaching your child to be dishonest and trustworthy. " So he killed the pig.
As big as a letter child, the avenue can be "an orphan of six feet, a hundred miles of life, and a big festival cannot be taken away." (The Analects of Confucius Taber) This kind of faithfulness and self-confidence cultivated Ceng Zi's indomitable spirit as a man. There is a record in "King Zhuangzi Qin": "Ju Wei, the robe is unattractive, the color is swollen, and his hands and feet are calloused. He will not make a fire for three days and will not make clothes for ten years. When you are crowned, you will never be crowned. When you are caught, you will see. When you are satisfied, you will make up your mind. Dragging "Ode to Shang", the sound is full of splendor. An emperor can't be a minister, and a vassal can't be a friend. Therefore, those who cultivate records forget their shapes, those who cultivate shapes forget their profits, and those who teach Taoism forget their hearts. " Clothes don't cover your body, you can't eat enough, people are still angry, and stigma is profit-seeking.
This is similar to the "happiness of Confucius and Yan" that the world talks about. Zhong Ni is "ill-gotten wealth, which is as expensive as floating clouds to me". Yan Hui ate a simple meal, drank cold water and lived in a humble alley. Everyone else was worried about him, but he was as happy as usual. This lofty integrity is exactly what Confucianism advocates.
Because of this, when Lu Jun sent people to give him land many times, Ceng Zi was indifferent. No one should be doomed to "hire each other, Chu welcomes you with your yin, and your superior welcomes you."
Loyalty is also the code of words and deeds of people with lofty ideals in the Spring and Autumn Period. They take loyalty as the criterion, and disloyalty and unbelief are a disgrace. Self-esteem is sometimes even above everything else. China's early Confucianism, Taoism, military strategists and Mohists all followed this principle of being a man and doing things.
Zuo Zhuan recorded the story of Yan Ji Ling hanging a sword in the grave.
? Ji Zha is the son of the king of Wu. When he was on a mission, he passed by Guo Xu. Xu Jun likes Ji Zha's sword very much, but he didn't say it. Ji Zha saw Xu Jun's mind, but he didn't give it to him because he was going to other countries. When he finished his mission, he returned to Xu. Xu Jun was dead. He took off his sword and hung it on the tree in front of Xu Jun's grave. His entourage said, "Xu Jun is dead. Who is this for? " Ji Zha said, "I have given this sword to him in my heart. How can I break my word because Xu Jun is dead! "
This is "breaking your word". Although Ji Zha just acquiesced in his heart, he didn't violate the ethics of being a man because of the death of prosthodontic. This behavior of "believing" to the extreme is really worth thinking about.
The root of success or failure comes from inner sincerity. If you can't even do what you deserve, it's hard to imagine what you can achieve. People without faith don't know what they can do. What if the cart has no track and the car has no track? (The Analects of Confucius) A man without credit is just like a car that can't move. The Doctrine of the Mean says, "There is nothing dishonest." Without a sincere heart and due faith, it is difficult to achieve any career.
Mohism in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period put loyalty and faith above life. Mohism is a non-governmental organization formed at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, with strict organization and strict discipline. Founder Mo Zhai studied Confucianism in his early years. Although he broke away from Confucianism, he inherited and developed his loyalty. Lu Chunqiu Suntech: Meng Sheng, a Mohist tycoon, made friends with Yang Chengjun, a noble of Chu, and was entrusted by Yang Chengjun to help him guard the fief. Yangcheng Jun divided a jade article named Huang into two halves as a symbol and gave it to Meng Sheng, asking him to "listen". After Sang-Jun Yang fled because of his participation in the civil strife in Chu, Chu was determined to recapture Yangcheng by force. Meng Sheng had no choice but to die for his friends. Disciple Xu Wei advised him that if the parties fled, the agreement would automatically terminate. And the monarch's forced abdication is also an irresistible factor. There's no point in dying like this. Meng Sheng said to his disciples, "I am the monarch of Yangcheng. If I were not a teacher, I would be a friend. If I were not a friend, I would be a minister. Undead, from now on, those who seek strict teachers are not in ink, those who seek virtuous friends are not in ink, and those who seek good ministers are not in ink. The reason why death is the meaning of the ink man is to continue his career. " Meng Sheng sent someone to pass on the position of the giant to Tian Xiangzi of Song State, and then he committed suicide, and more than 80 disciples/kloc-0 also committed suicide. After completing the task, the three disciples refused the order of the new giant Tian Xiangzi and returned to Chu to follow Naishi. Mohism was praised by later generations as "sticking to the heel and benefiting the world" ("Mencius? Dedicated "). A man of letters can "go to soup and jump off the blade, and never do somersaults", which means never do somersaults until death. This awe-inspiring righteousness and spirit of sacrifice in the face of swords and shadows, mountains and rivers are really the roots of the ancient blood of the Chinese nation.
Loyalty and righteousness are not only manifested in ancient sages, but also in the promotion of kings. Fan Juqing, a Confucian student of Yang Shan, studied in imperial academy and became close friends with Zhang in Runan. At the end of his studies, Fan Juqing said to Zhang, "I will go back to Beijing in two years, and then I will visit your parents and see your children." Then we set a date. At the end of the appointed time, Yuan Bo told his mother to prepare food and drinks for Fan Juqing. Mother said, "It's been two years, and the agreement is thousands of miles away. How can you trust him so much?" Zhang replied: "Ju Qing is a man of his word and will never break his word." Mother said, "In that case, it's time to make wine for you." Juqing did come that day. They went to the clubhouse for a drink and had a good time before breaking up.
After Fan Juqing officially visited Shanyang County, Gong Cao and Zhang never met again. Zhang is seriously ill and bedridden. His old friends Zhi and Yin Zi are coming to see him every day. When Yuan Bo died, he said with a sigh, "It's a pity that I can't see my' dead friend'". Zi Zheng said, "Zhang Jun and I have been trying our best to take care of you. Not a' best friend'? " Zhang said, "You two are my living friends. Fan Juqing of Yang Shan can be regarded as my life and death. " At night, Fan Juqing suddenly dreamed that Zhang was wearing a black hat with tassels hanging on it. He came in a hurry and told him, "Juqing, I died one day, and I will be buried at a certain time and go back to my grave forever." If you don't forget me, can you see me again? " Fan Juqing woke up with a plaintive cry, tears streaming down her face. He told the satrap and asked to attend the funeral. Although the satrap didn't believe it, he didn't want to go against his mood, so he promised him. Fan Juqing then put on mourning clothes, galloped and hurried away. It hasn't arrived yet. The funeral has already started. Who knows that when buried, the coffin can't be put into the grave. Yuan Bo's mother stroked the coffin and said, "Do you have any unfinished wishes?" So I stopped the coffin and waited for a while, and far away I saw a white horse-drawn cart crying. Yuan Bo's mother said, "This must be Fan Juqing." When he arrived, Fan Juqing bowed to the coffin and said, "Yuan Bo, you can go. Life and death are different roads and will never be seen again. " More than 1000 people attending the funeral were moved to tears. Fan Juqing pulled the rope to pull the coffin, and the coffin slowly moved forward. Then, he stayed in the cemetery to repair Zhang's grave and left there to plant trees.
This is the "chicken millet contract" passed down from generation to generation. This story comes from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Yang Shan County mentioned in the book is Jinxiang County in southwest Shandong today. Jinxiang is a famous hometown of garlic. Local Confucianism flourished, advocating faithfulness, and the people took Fan Juqing as a model.