Operation process:
The client and the borrower reach a financing intention, and negotiate to determine the loan interest rate, term and other factors.
The client and the borrower open a settlement account in a commercial bank, the client issues a loan authorization letter to the commercial bank, and both the client and the borrower apply to the bank.
Banks accept clients' entrustment applications, conduct investigation and approval, and then accept entrustment from qualified clients.
What is the so-called quasi-credit business? The so-called quasi-credit business, mainly including margin financing and securities lending, agreement repurchase, pledged repurchase, trust purchase, private debt and other businesses, is gradually becoming an important means of profit for brokers. The average yield of credit-like business is about 10%. Considering that this kind of business relies on the resources of securities firms and investment banks, the marginal cost is low, so the pre-tax yield of investment credit business of securities companies will be close to 10%. Therefore, it is generally believed in the industry that as this kind of business gradually digests the idle funds of securities companies, it will be inevitable for the industry to improve the return on equity (ROE).
The agreed share repurchase business launched by some brokers is to provide loans to investors with stock equity as collateral. But this kind of loan is not like margin financing and securities lending-brokers can monitor and investors can invest in this kind of loan as needed, which is more free. Judging from the market reaction, the enthusiasm of customers' general participation is relatively high. Judging from the follow-up forms of relevant brokers, the profit contribution of credit business should be considerable.
What are seller's credit and buyer's credit in export credit business? Buyer's credit is a form of export credit in which the exporter's bank directly provides loans to the importer or the importer's contact bank, and the loans are used to pay the exporter. Because the loan is provided directly to the buyer, it is called buyer's credit. This refers to the preferential loan provided by the bank of the exporting country to the importing country (that is, the buyer) or the bank of the importing country, with the additional condition that the loan is used to buy the goods of the creditor country. This is the so-called binding loan. Buyer's credit can be divided into two ways: loans to importers and banks that lend to importers. No matter whether it is lent to the importer or the importer's bank, the buyer can pay the seller immediately after obtaining the loan, thus promoting the transaction and expanding the export.
Seller's credit mainly refers to medium and long-term loans provided by foreign trade banks or commercial banks to exporters to help them explore and compete for the international market. In the early stage of a country's export credit development, seller's credit often occupies a major position, mainly because the bank providing credit and the exporter applying for credit are in the same country, and the operation is relatively convenient. ?
In order to facilitate the operation of buyers and sellers, the basic structure and related terms of legal relationship are different.
Nanjing Jianxin _ Nanjing Jianxin credit business process and the specific operation process of Nanjing Jianxin credit business. Nanjing Jianxin _ Main Business Process of Nanjing Jianxin Credit
Business Process of Group Sales Price Management
Support three modes of group sales price management: Nanjing Jianxin _ Nanjing Jianxin Credit Group formulates the price policy in a unified way, the company independently formulates the price policy, and the group formulates the price policy with each company.
The following figure describes the price policy models of Nanjing Jianxin Group and various companies.
(1) The business department of an enterprise sets price types for different customers: for example, external retail price, internal employee price, primary wholesale price, secondary wholesale price, etc.
(two) to formulate the basic price list of enterprises, as the basic basis for enterprises to implement price management, and to determine the scope of sales organizations where the price is applicable;
(3) Formulate the factors that affect the customer's purchase price, such as giving different prices according to the customer's purchase quantity and purchase time.
Price;
(4) Support enterprises to flexibly adjust sales prices according to market changes; Support the adjustment of basic price list or special price list, and you can choose to adjust the influence range;
⑤ Pricing strategy: support the flexible combination of price list and various constraint rules, formulate enterprise pricing strategy, and determine the pricing strategy suitable for each type of customer or one customer;
⑥ Subordinate sales organizations can make appropriate adjustments according to the group's pricing strategy as their own pricing strategy;
⑦ When the price strategy is implemented in actual business, Nanjing Jianxin _ Nanjing Jianxin Credit controls the customer order price.
Internal procurement business process
(1) The purchasing company submits the purchasing plan to Nanjing Jianxin Group Company or the superior company every month, and the superior company can summarize the plans of the subordinate companies into plans at the same level; plan
Its main function is to guide production or procurement, and to assess the accuracy of goods needed by sales companies at all levels accordingly;
(2) Transfer application processing: business personnel can process the goods application of each company, and can query the available quantity and on-hand quantity of multiple companies to facilitate the arrangement of supply;
You can arrange a third-party delivery to form a three-party transfer; The processed transfer requisition forms an inter-company internal order (transfer order), which is issued as a warehouse.
The basis of goods;
③ Transfer receipt document: the warehouse receipt of the applicant company can be generated by referencing transfer issue document or transfer order; It can also be generated automatically; The generation rule consists of "transfer relationship"
Definition;
④ Internal settlement: the rules of internal settlement are defined in Transfer Relationship, which can be settled by the transfer-out party or the transfer-in party; Provide support according to internal communication
Easy price or transfer-out party's sales price, transfer-out party's actual cost price, latest settlement price and no price (the user enters the price manually).
Reach a settlement; After settlement, inventory accounting and both A/R and A/P documents are formed.
Internal distribution business process
① Distribution table: Nanjing Jianxin Credit Group Co., Ltd. or the sales head office and factory make the distribution plan according to the market forecast and sales situation, and submit it to the owners of sales companies at all levels after approval.
Dynamic distribution; Support excel to import new goods distribution documents or enter them manually;
(2) Transfer Order: the commercial department processes the goods distribution list and generates multiple delivery instructions for different sales companies (generating inter-company transfer orders or groups).
Interlaced transfer orders), as the basis for warehouse delivery;
③ Transfer receipt document: the receipt document of the receiving company's warehouse can be generated by referencing the transfer issue document or transfer order; It can also be generated automatically; The generation rule was changed from "transfer delivery" to.
Definition of "department".
④ Internal settlement: internal settlement rules are defined in Transfer Relationship, which can be settled by the transfer-out party or the transfer-in party; Support by internal transaction price
Or the transfer-out party's sales price, the transfer-out party's actual cost price, the latest settlement price and no price (the user enters the price manually).
Calculation; After settlement, inventory accounting and both A/R and A/P documents are formed.
Business process of credit sale
(1) Nanjing Jianxin _ Nanjing Jianxin Credit determines the enterprise's customer credit policy according to market conditions, customer strength and reputation, and supports general credit and distribution credit for new product promotion;
Support setting credit control in order processing or sales issue business;
(2) The salesperson receives the customer's order request, and judges whether the customer meets the credit sales standard according to the business policy of the enterprise and the contract signed by both parties; Progressive quotient
Check the available quantity and on-hand quantity of products to determine whether they can take orders, and then make sales orders; Orders are subject to the company's business policies and contracts.
③ The warehouse delivers goods to customers according to the delivery notice from the sales department;
(4) Nanjing Jianxin _ Nanjing Jianxin Credit issued invoices at the end of the financial accounting period, recorded customer receivables, recorded sales revenue and carried forward sales expenses.
Cash sales business process
What is bank credit business? The main business of banks is deposits and loans, and bank deposits and loans are their main functions. People like to deposit money in the bank, which not only has certain interest, but also has relatively high security. Bank loans are also one of their main sources of income. Through bank loans, they can solve their urgent needs and enjoy lower loan interest rates.
What is low-risk credit business? Low-risk credit business refers to the first-and second-class foreign loans with 100% deposit (including certificate-based government bonds and bank-approved time deposit certificates) and the bank's credit support and commitment without other supporting credit support.
Credit is a monetary lending behavior between different owners that reflects a certain economic relationship. Credit in a broad sense refers to the general term of deposits, loans and settlement of financial institutions. Credit in a narrow sense generally refers to loans from banks or credit cooperatives.
What is the legal nature of bank credit business?
Credit business is the most important asset business of commercial banks. Credit is the main means of profit for commercial banks, because it can recover the principal and interest by lending, and make a profit after deducting the cost.
As the loan is beyond the control of the bank, there is a great risk that the principal and interest cannot be recovered on time. Therefore, a strict loan system should be established on the basis of observing the Contract Law and the General Principles of Loans. Its main contents are: establishing loan relationship, loan application, pre-loan investigation, loan approval and issuance, post-loan inspection, loan recovery and extension, credit sanctions and other systems.
According to different loan subjects, loans can be divided into self-operated loans, entrusted loans and special loans. Among them, entrusted loan means that the client provides funds, and the bank, as the trustee, handles the loan formalities according to the object, purpose, amount, term and interest rate specified by the client, and only charges the handling fee and does not bear the loan risk. Specific loans refer to loans granted by wholly state-owned banks with the approval of the State Council after taking corresponding remedial measures for the losses that may be caused by loans. (2) According to the borrower's credit, loans can also be divided into credit loans, secured loans (secured loans, mortgage loans, pledged loans), bill discounting and other types. According to the different purposes of loans, they can be divided into working capital loans, fixed assets loans, industrial loans, agricultural loans and commercial loans. No matter what kind of loan, all borrowers should provide guarantee, except those who are examined, evaluated and confirmed by the lender to have good credit standing and can repay the loan.
There are three loan terms for commercial banks: one is short-term loans with a term less than 1 year; Second, medium-term loans with a term of more than 1 year and less than 5 years; Third, long-term loans refer to loans with a term of more than five years.
A contract is an agreement that clarifies the rights and obligations of all parties. A loan contract is an agreement between a bank and a borrower to provide funds for the borrower's use, and the borrower will use the funds according to the agreed purpose and repay the principal and interest on schedule. The loan contract is the legal basis for determining the rights and obligations of banks and borrowers. Its main contents include: loan type, loan purpose, amount, interest, term, repayment fund source and repayment method, guarantee terms, liability for breach of contract and other terms agreed by both parties. The content of the loan contract is equivalent to the law between the parties. Any party who violates any of these terms shall constitute a breach of contract and shall bear corresponding liabilities for breach of contract.
What is policy credit business? Due to the single form of policy loan and inflexible operation mechanism, policy loan has obvious policy characteristics besides commercial credit risk.
At present, the existing policy risks are mainly manifested in:
1. Policy risk. Policy-based credit issuance is passive, and bank credit loses the initiative to choose, and policy risk is transformed into credit risk. Due to the imperfection of China's socialist market economic system, planning and marketization coexist in one economic activity subject, and policies are formulated and implemented before economic activities. When the economic activities of enterprises deviate from the policy itself, the inherent rigidity of the policy increases the credit risk of the policy supporting the economic activities of enterprises. For example, in the formulation of the purchase price of agricultural and sideline products, there is often a contradiction between the planned price of * * * will and the market-oriented price of enterprise sales behavior. When the purchase price and the sales price develop in the opposite direction, that is, the sales loss is formed, and the loss exceeds the scope that the policy can make up, and the credit risk increases accordingly. Although the state has established a price subsidy mechanism, due to the diversity of price difference subsidies, it is difficult for local (especially county-level) financial price difference subsidies to be fully in place. This planned purchase price policy not only did not alleviate the credit risk, but increased the policy credit risk.
2. The operational risk of the loan enterprise. As the historical essence of China as a big agricultural country has not changed, the basic position of agriculture and the price stability of agricultural and sideline products have become the most strategic issues in China's economic development. Therefore, agricultural and sideline products purchasing and storage enterprises supported by policy credit can only operate at a low profit; In addition, grass-roots purchasing and storage enterprises inherited the inertia thinking of planned economy and transferred all risks in market economy reform to policy credit. The greater the pain of market reform, the greater the policy risk of enterprise transmission.
What does retail credit business mean? In fact, this is a very understandable thing, commonly called credit. However, today's financial system is more complicated, so I gave you this easy-to-classify financial name.
Because many consumers of bulky goods can't afford to spend so much money at one time, just like buying a commercial house, in the end, the merchants came up with a win-win plan. They look for financial institutions to cooperate, merchants guarantee consumers, financial institutions lend money to consumers, and consumers pay him a certain interest, and then the sales of merchants increase.
In fact, this is a win-win situation. At present, the development of credit business in automobile industry and retail industry is also of great benefit to the development of personal credit business.
How to run the microfinance business? First of all, you should make clear who needs loans, such as micro-business owners and young white-collar workers. Then, combined with the company's product characteristics, such as the information required by customers, you should visit those specific people. For example, streets, markets and other places where micro-enterprises are concentrated do publicity.
Secondly, we can seek more cooperation from peers. Many customers have different product designs according to different companies. They can't get loans there, but they can get loans here.
Thirdly, in fact, there are a lot of materials needed to issue loans on the website, which you can download in your spare time.
Talk about placing publicity pages in shops, restaurants, markets and other places that can match the flow of people.