How many seedlings does Bletilla striata need per mu?
Bletilla striata needs about 8000 ~ 10000 seedlings per mu. There is only one kind of genuine Bletilla striata, and there are two ecotypes, one is the large-scale type produced in Hubei and Jiangsu, and the other is the small-scale type produced in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. Among them, the yield of large species is higher, so it is appropriate to choose the large species with fibrous roots of 1 ~ 2-year-old tuber. Although there are tissue culture seedlings for sale at present, there are few tissue culture seedlings.
How much is Bletilla striata per mu?
The planting cost of an acre of Bletilla striata varies with the selection of seedlings. Generally, it is about 30,000 yuan for tuber planting, about 0.5 million yuan for domesticated seedlings/kloc-0, and about 8,000 yuan for bottle seedlings. In addition, the annual fertilizer cost per mu of land is around 200 yuan, and the annual management and expenses are around 2,000 yuan. So the cost of an acre of Bletilla striata is about 1 10,000 ~ 320 yuan.
How many bletilla striata can be harvested in an acre of land?
Bletilla striata can be harvested in two years if it is planted well, but the output will be higher in three years. Generally, in three years, dry goods in high-yield fields can reach about 500 kg, middle-yield fields 300 ~ 400 kg, and low-yield fields 250 kg. At present, the price of dry goods is about 150 ~ 250 yuan Jin, and its market price is related to quality. The higher the quality, the lower the quality.
What are the risks of planting bletilla striata?
1. Overheated production: Bletilla striata is planted artificially in Shaanxi and Henan in the north, Fujian and Guangxi in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east and Gansu in the west, so overheated production will inevitably bring certain risks to the cultivation of Bletilla striata.
2. Higher cost: Compared with other planting projects, the investment cost of Bletilla striata planting is much higher, and the growth period is 2-3 years. Such investment cost and production cycle simply exceed the affordability of ordinary farmers, and also increase the investment risk.
3. Variety confusion: The provenance confusion of Bletilla striata is well known in Chinese herbal medicines. At present, Bletilla striata is circulating in the chemical field, and Bletilla striata is mainly used in the Pharmacopoeia. Other Bletilla striata are common and counterfeit.
4. Source of seedlings: There are three common seedling raising methods of Bletilla striata: direct seeding, tuber propagation and tissue culture seedlings, among which direct seeding is the most reasonable and economical, tuber propagation has a high survival rate and a large yield, but the cost is too high, and tissue culture seedlings have the lowest survival rate.
5. Technical risk: Bletilla striata seedlings are generally transplanted after seed introduction, tissue culture, seedling hardening and root system development. However, because the growth of rhizomes requires an environment with long bacteria, transplanting and management are very meticulous, and the mortality rate of seedlings can usually reach 50% or even higher.
First, the growth habits of Bletilla striata
Bletilla striata generally likes humid and warm environment and is not cold-resistant. For humus soil with loose soil, high organic matter content and low salt content, it is suggested to use professional sterilized commercial Chinese herbal medicine seedling substrate, which has less seedling risk.
Second, seedbed preparation
Adopting greenhouse seedling raising method can control temperature, humidity and light, which is convenient for scale and standardization and can improve the success rate. Bletilla striata likes shading, so the greenhouse needs to be equipped with shading methods. Generally, a sunshade net with 75% shading rate is hidden above the shed roof. According to the difficulty of operation and the scale of the shed, the width of the seedbed can be set to 1.5-2m except the necessary aisle, and the length depends on the shed. After the bed surface is leveled and compacted, insect repellent is sprayed and a layer of nonwoven geotextile is laid.
Thirdly, laying matrix soil and pipelines.
Bletilla striata seeds are fine and have no endosperm, which is not enough to meet the nutritional needs of seedlings. Therefore, it is required that the bed soil should have certain nutrients and low salt. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the substrate soil should be free of germs, weeds and eggs. The manufacture of matrix requires professional skills and special formulas and equipment. Bletilla striata seeds produced by Hunan Xianghui Agricultural Skills Development Co., Ltd. and the special culture medium for Chinese herbal medicines are selected for direct use, which is convenient and safe. Spread the matrix evenly on the nonwoven geotextile with a thickness of 5-8 cm. For convenience, a micro-jet pipeline can be set in the middle of the seedbed to facilitate the later water supply operation. If conditions permit, flat seedbed can be used for tidal seedling raising, which is more convenient for water and fertilizer management: after the pond membrane is paved, 5 cm thick substrate is paved, and the substrate is wetted at the bottom through the pipeline, and the whole seedbed is gradually wetted by the capillary action of the substrate. The method of gradually drying and wetting can be adopted to effectively reduce the seed exposure and seed displacement caused by water spraying.
Fourth, agriculture.
The breeding period of Bletilla striata seedlings is generally March-April and September-June, 65438+ 10. Choose full and mildew-free bletilla striata pods for seedling raising, and mix the seeds in the pods with the seedling raising substrate according to a certain proportion before cultivation (dilute the seed density to facilitate sowing). The cultivation amount is 2-3 pods per square meter of bed surface. Before cultivation, the seedling substrate is fully wetted by micro-spraying or shallow water irrigation at the bottom, and then seeds with fine peat are evenly sprinkled on the wetted substrate, and the substrate is lightly sprinkled with a covering layer of about 5 mm. ..
5. Seedbed mulching
In order to improve the emergence rate and achieve the purpose of heat preservation and moisture preservation, plastic film should be covered on the seedbed after cultivation, and the temperature in the shed should be kept between 15-25℃ by combining ventilation and shading, especially in summer, special attention should be paid to the influence of temperature to avoid high temperature burning the seedlings, and the film can be uncovered after the seedlings grow two leaves.
VI. Greenhouse Management
Bletilla striata likes cool and humid environment, so the greenhouse management is mainly based on temperature control and moisturizing. Generally, the temperature is kept at 15-25℃ and the humidity is kept above 60%. Sprinkler irrigation should be used to apply water. It is necessary to pay attention to the investigation of seedbed wetting, prevent the dead angle of sprinkler irrigation, adjust sprinkler irrigation conditions in time, and insist on seedbed wetting. In order to improve the emergence rate, the substrate will control the salt content, and the corresponding mineral elements are less, so it needs to be supplemented in time. Generally, after the true leaves of 1-2 grow, water-soluble nutrient solution is sprayed, and one ton of water is sprayed to dissolve one kilogram of special water-soluble nutrient solution (taking Hunan Xianghui agricultural water-soluble nutrient solution as an example). Depending on the color of the seedlings, spray once every half month to 1 month, after cultivation. It can germinate in 20-25 days, grow 2 true leaves in 3 months, grow 4 true leaves in 5 months, and the phosphorus bulb can reach 1 cm, which can be transplanted into the field in about 10 months.
In order to solve the problem of high cost of Bletilla striata seedlings in sterile culture, a new method of cultivating Bletilla striata in natural environment was introduced.
(1) Preparation of nutrient soil: It is best to dig up humus soil in pine forest and put it on the open space, then add bacterial liquid for culture, farm manure (some potassium sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and appropriate amount of urea can be added appropriately), stir it evenly, pile it up for fermentation 15-20 days to form rich organic nutrient soil, and directly edge it in the greenhouse and then scrape it off;
(2) Seed soaking: Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in the special diluent for Bletilla striata for 6- 12 hours, and the dilution ratio is 200-500 times, so that the surface layer of the seeds is wrapped by harmful molds. And provide enough nutrients for seeds to improve germination rate and shorten germination period.
Spraying nutrient solution to promote germination
(3) Water spraying for cultivation: uniformly cultivate pod seeds in the border, and then spray cultivation diluted nutrient solution in the sown border to keep the seeds moist, so as to ensure sufficient nutrient solution for accelerating germination, prevent the seeds from being blown away by the wind, and ensure good coupling between the seeds and nutrient soil.
How to improve the germination rate of Bletilla striata direct seeding?
At this time, the diluted solution of cultivated foliar fertilizer began to be sprayed.
(5) Irrigation: after the tillage, choose tidal irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Once every night or morning, ensure that the temperature in the greenhouse is within the range suitable for the growth of Bletilla striata. The most suitable temperature is 15-25℃, and the most suitable soil humidity is 70-90%. The seeds gradually turn green in a week or so, and buds can be seen in about 30 days. You can see gratifying seedlings with two or three leaves in about 90 days.
(6) cultivation outside the shed: after the seedlings grow three leaves, they are moved out of the greenhouse, and the seedling tray is moved to a pine forest with proper illumination and micro-spraying equipment for cultivation;
(7) spraying nutrient solution to accelerate germination: spraying nutrient solution diluted by 100- 150 times to accelerate germination, and spraying woye Chinese herbal medicine foliar fertilizer for 3-5 days after germination;
(8) Transplanting period: When Bletilla striata seedlings grow to need transplanting, the preparation for transplanting will be started. Turn over the soil before transplanting, and apply 200-300 kilograms of biological bacterial fertilizer per mu to improve the soil. Then move the Bletilla striata seedlings to the ground and sprinkle them with water to let them grow naturally.