From this day on, the new China civil aviation has experienced an extraordinary development process from scratch and from weak to strong, facing the rising sun of China. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China's civil aviation industry has made sustained and rapid development in air transport, general aviation, fleet renewal, airport construction, route layout, navigation guarantee, flight safety and personnel training, and has made remarkable achievements.
The development of civil aviation and the country's economic development are inseparable from the direct leadership and support of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. It is the result of the joint efforts of several generations of civil aviation cadres and workers, and has written a magnificent chapter for the blue sky cause of the motherland. The new China civil aviation has experienced four stages of development: the first stage (1949-1978): the preparation period.
1949165438+12 October, the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting decided to set up the Civil Aviation Administration under the leadership of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission and the guidance of the Air Force. 1On October 9th, General Manager of China Airlines 165438+ Liu Jingyi and General Manager of Central Airlines Chen Zhuolin led their employees to a glorious uprising in Hong Kong and led 12 plane back to Beijing and Tianjin, which provided a certain material and technical force for the civil aviation construction in new China.
1950 when the new China civil aviation was established, there were only over 30 small planes, the annual passenger traffic was only 10000, and the total transportation turnover was only1570,000 ton-km. 1958 on February 27th, the State Council informed that from now on, the Civil Aviation Administration of China will be placed under the leadership of the Ministry of Communications.
1958 March19, the State Council Notice: At the 95th meeting in the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the State Council was approved to change the Civil Aviation Administration of China into a bureau directly under the Ministry of Communications. 1960165438+1October 17. After discussion in principle by the the State Council Municipal Organization Establishment Committee, it was decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China as the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Communications.
It is the general administration of civil aviation in China, subordinate to the first level, responsible for the management of transport aviation and professional aviation, and directly leads the work of regional civil aviation bureaus. Since 196 1, the civil aviation system has conscientiously implemented the central government's policy of "adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement", which has brought the civil aviation cause back to the right track and made great progress.
By 1965, the number of domestic routes has increased to 46, and the focus of domestic routes has shifted from the southeast coast and hinterland to remote areas in the southwest and northwest. Nanning, Kunming, Guiyang and other airports were newly built and rebuilt, and flight conditions and service facilities were improved accordingly, especially the expansion projects of Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport were completed. During this period, the development of general aviation has grown steadily.
1By the end of 965, China Civil Aviation had 355 aircraft of various types. 1959, China Civil Aviation purchased Il-18 aircraft, which marked the transformation from piston propeller aircraft to turboprop aircraft.
1963, China Civil Aviation once again purchased the British Viscount, thus ending the situation that only Soviet-made aircraft were used for a long time. 1April, 1962 13, the 53rd meeting of the second NPC Standing Committee decided to rename the Civil Aviation Administration of China "CAAC".
On April 15, the central government decided to change the Civil Aviation Administration of China from the Ministry of Communications to the Bureau directly under the State Council, and its business work, party and government work, cadre and personnel work, etc. Directly managed by the air force. During this period, due to several changes in the leadership system of civil aviation, the development of air transport was greatly influenced by politics and economy. 1978, the number of air passengers was only 23 1 10,000, and the total transportation turnover was 300 million kilometers.
In the first five years of the Cultural Revolution, civil aviation suffered serious damage and losses. 197 1 After September, under the care of Premier Zhou, China Civil Aviation focused on developing long-distance international routes.
By the end of 1976, China's civil aviation international routes had grown to eight, with a navigable mileage of 4 1000 km, accounting for 41%of the total navigable mileage; Domestic routes increased to 123. 197 1 year, China civil aviation purchased five il -62 aircraft from the Soviet union, and 10 Boeing -707 aircraft from the United States in 13 year. In addition, Trident aircraft was purchased from Britain and An -24 aircraft was purchased from the Soviet Union.
In this way, the total number of all kinds of civil aviation transport aircraft in China reaches 1 17, which can better implement the business policy of "combining inside and outside, giving consideration to both distance and distance". The second stage (1978-1987): stable development period.
1978101October 9 * * * Comrade instructed civil aviation to be managed from an economic perspective. 1980 February 14 Comrade * * pointed out: "Civil aviation must be enterprise-oriented".
On March 5th of the same year, China * * * decided to separate civil aviation from the military establishment, and changed the Civil Aviation Administration of China from being subordinate to the Air Force to being directly under the State Council, and implemented enterprise management. During this period, the Civil Aviation Administration of China was a combination of government and enterprise, which was not only the * * * department in charge of civil aviation affairs, but also a national enterprise directly engaged in air transport and general aviation business in the name of "CAAC of China".
There are six regional administrative agencies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Lanzhou (later moved to Xi) and Shenyang. 1980, there were only 140 transport planes in the whole civil aviation, and most of them were Soviet-style Il-14 and Li -2 aircraft made in 1950s or 40s, with only twenty or forty passengers, and only 17 medium and large aircraft carried passengers 100. There are only 79 airports.
1980, the annual passenger traffic of China civil aviation was only 3.43 million passengers; The total annual transportation turnover was 429 million tons kilometers, ranking 35th in the world's civil aviation, second only to Singapore, India, the Philippines and Indonesia. The third stage (1987 -2002): the period of reorganization and expansion.
1987, China decided to reform the civil aviation industry, which was characterized by the separation of airlines from airports. The main content is to separate the air transport and general aviation-related businesses, assets and personnel of the former Civil Aviation Administration of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi, Chengdu and Shenyang, and set up six national backbone airlines to operate independently, be responsible for their own profits and losses and compete on an equal footing.
The backbone airlines of these six countries are: China International Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, Southwest China Airlines, Northwest China Airlines and China Northern Airlines. In addition, China General Airlines, which is mainly engaged in general aviation business and concurrently engaged in air transportation business, was also established in July. 1989.
At the same time, backbone airlines were established in the former civil aviation administrations of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu.
2. The history of aircraft development in China During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, with the change of the international situation and the passage of the war, China civil aviation experienced a tortuous history.
The turning point was the Pacific incident that broke out on February 7th, 194 1. Before the incident, China's civil aviation transportation industry struggled for survival, its business declined day by day, and "Eurasia" was on the verge of despair; After the incident, "AVIC" got the opportunity to develop in hump air transport and gradually expanded its own strength.
During this period, in addition to the old models, China also introduced new models such as DC-3, C-46 and C-47 from the United States. After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China Central Airlines and China Airlines got some breathing space.
The "Central Airlines" company reorganized in the late period of the Anti-Japanese War faced difficulties in air transportation due to insufficient transportation capacity, and only two planes were actually available. 1945165438+1October, "Central Airlines" purchased a batch of surplus materials of the US military in India, including eight C-45 and C-47 transport planes, plus the CV-240 (the "Sky Palace") aircraft purchased later, reaching 65438.
1949165438+1October 9, under the instigation of China * * * *, more than 2,000 employees of China Airlines and Central Airlines, which belonged to the former * * * * * *, started an electric uprising in Hong Kong (known as the "Two Airlines Uprising" in history). This 12 aircraft, together with 17 small aircraft left on the mainland after maintenance by employees of two airlines, constituted the main body of the early civil aviation fleet in New China.
Among these 12 planes, including the DC-3 propeller plane designed by Donald douglas of the United States and the aforementioned "Palace in the Sky" (CV-204) produced by Conville of the United States, the only main engine of the uprising of the two airlines was named "Beijing" on 1950, and President * * personally wrote an inscription for this plane. In 1950s, China successively purchased the Il-14 aircraft from the Soviet Union to undertake the task of special plane and domestic passenger and cargo transportation.
1959, China Civil Aviation purchased the Il-18 aircraft from the Soviet Union, which marked the transformation from a piston propeller aircraft to a turboprop aircraft. At the same time, a group of people who are interested in developing China's aviation industry are also trying to change the situation that China basically relies on buying foreign planes to build its air force and civil aviation.
1957-65438+In February, Yun (Y)-5, also known as "Fengshou" -2, independently developed and manufactured by China, made its first flight successfully. 1963, the "Viscount" aircraft ordered by China Civil Aviation from Britain arrived and joined the flight, which changed the situation that Soviet-made aircraft were mainly used in the past.
197 1 year, the Il -62 and An -24 aircraft ordered from the Soviet Union were also put into use. 1972- 1973, China introduced trident aircraft from Britain.
So far, the total number of all kinds of transport aircraft in China has reached 1 17, which can better implement the business policy of "combining inside and outside, giving consideration to both distance and distance". In the 1980s, China Civil Aviation also introduced the British-made Short -360 aircraft, Airbus-made A3 10 aircraft and Soviet-made Tu-154 aircraft.
1972 On February 2 1, US President Richard Nixon visited China aboard Air Force One-B707, which marked the arrival of the "Boeing era" in China's civil aviation. In the same year, China Civil Aviation ordered 10 B707 passenger planes.
Up to 2007, more than half of the nearly 1200 civil aircraft operating in China were produced by Boeing, among which B737 series aircraft were the most used. 1980 the civil aviation administration of China purchased Boeing 747SP wide-body passenger aircraft, which indicates that the use of aircraft in China has partially reached the international advanced level.
After 1983, China purchased a number of advanced Boeing and McDonnell Douglas aircraft, including Boeing 747, 757, 767 and 777, by means of loans, international leasing and self-financing. In the mid-1960s, the demand of several European airlines for new wide-body passenger aircraft led to the birth of Airbus and its A300.
Airbus entered China from 1985. 1By the end of 1995, there were 29 Airbus aircraft in civil aviation, accounting for 7% of the total number of aircraft. By the end of 2007, the number of Airbus aircraft in China had climbed to 390, accounting for 33% of the total. Airbus claims that its next goal in China is to win 50% market share of civil aircraft by 20 12.
In terms of aircraft types, China basically has various types of Airbus aircraft, including A300 series, 3 10 series, 320 series, 330 series, 340 series and the new A380. 1998 in may, Y7-200A airworthiness test aircraft was awarded the type certificate by China's airworthiness authorities, marking a new step in the development of domestic aircraft.
1999 65438+ 10, Xi' an Aircraft Industry Company put forward a "quality project" to build a new generation of domestic regional aircraft with the main content of improving product manufacturing quality and aircraft comfort. After improvement and modification, the new machine was officially named "Xinzhou" 60(MA-60). 1999 September, "Xinzhou" 60 was put into use in Changan Airlines.
3. Does anyone know the specific situation of AVIC Guihang Aircraft Co., Ltd. This company is a large-scale enterprise engaged in the research and development and production of combat/trainer aircraft and drones, which is established by AVIC Shuangyang, Ma Yun, Guifei Institute, Lingyun Materials, UAV Company, Longfei Company and Guihang Aircraft Division according to the requirements of professional integration of AVIC, and is a member unit of AVIC defense. There are nearly 7,000 employees, including nearly 2,400 professional technicians, nearly 300 senior professional technicians and nearly 1.500 high-skilled personnel. A complete aircraft research and production system has been established, especially the UAV test, flight test and training base. Over the past 40 years, the company has developed, produced and delivered dozens of combat/trainer aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles, which has made important contributions to the modernization of aviation weapons and equipment in China and the country's export.
Avant-garde released "20 13-20 17 China UAV Industry Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report". Com shows that,
In recent years, driven by demand and inspired by the outstanding performance of UAV in several local wars, the domestic R&D of UAV has received unprecedented attention, and the industry has developed at an unprecedented speed.
The first is the number of emerging products. At the 20 10 Zhuhai Air Show, China exhibited more than 25 kinds of UAVs. It was only at the Zhuhai Air Show a few years ago that China first proposed the concept of UAV. Even at the last Zhuhai Air Show, China only showed a few UAVs.
Secondly, the number of manufacturers involved has exploded. Moreover, domestic drone products have successfully gone abroad. The ASN series UAV of Xi 'an Aisheng Technology Group, Rainbow UAV of the 11th Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology, and Pterosaur UAV of AVIC Cheng Fei Group have successively signed export orders.
So the development prospect of this company is very good. The above are personal opinions and are for reference only. I hope I can help you. Please ask questions if you have any questions. Thanks for your support.