1one day in February, 865, Rockefeller bought the shares of Clark, a partner, for $72,500, and renamed the company Rockefeller-Andrews Company.
1870 65438+1October 10, Rockefeller brothers, flagler and Andrews founded Standard Oil Company. At that time, kerosene was mainly extracted from petroleum, but the quality of kerosene produced by many factories was very poor. Rockefeller always insisted on ensuring the quality, which is also the origin of the name of Standard Oil Company. 1872, Rockefeller plans to merge all refineries into a huge consortium to curb the ups and downs of prices and save the whole industry.
By 1879, Standard Oil Company has controlled 90% of the refining capacity in the United States, and also controlled oil pipelines and gathering and transportation systems in almost all oil-producing areas, and has transportation control rights. People call him an octopus.
1October 2,1882,65438+Rockefeller and his partners formally signed the Trust Agreement of Standard Oil Company, thus becoming the first big "trust" in the world. In this trust, Rockefeller merged more than 40 manufacturers, monopolizing 80% of the national oil refining industry and 90% of the oil pipeline business. In order to win consumers, Standard Oil Company once again entered the sales market.
According to statistics, in the 1980s of 19, he had controlled about 80% of the sales market. In the mid-1980s, a new oil field was discovered in Lima, Ohio, USA, but the crude oil contained high sulfur content. Rockefeller decided to buy a lot of Lima oil in order to build his own crude oil reserve.
1889, Herman Fretcher, a German chemist hired by Standard Oil Company, successfully studied the desulfurization method of copper oxide. The price of Lima oil immediately rose from $0/5 per barrel when it was purchased by Standard Oil Company, and continued to climb.
19 At the end of the 20th century, automobiles, airplanes and other means of transportation appeared, which ushered in a new development stage for the oil industry. However, the monopoly position of Standard Oil Company has encountered more challenges. Among them, Ida Tabell's serial articles exposing the dark side of Standard Oil Company published in Macclure magazine from 1902 to 1 1 were the sharpest, and the book History of Standard Oil Company was published in 1904. 190 1 theodore roosevelt, who came to power, launched an investigation into Standard Oil Company and the oil industry.
1906165438+1October, the Roosevelt administration filed a lawsuit against standard oil company in the federal circuit court of St. Louis, accusing the company of violating the anti-monopoly law.
1909, the federal court ruled that Standard Oil Company was dissolved. 19 1 1 In July, Standard Oil Company was split into 34 independent companies, and its legend continued in these companies. Soon, these companies became new giants. Among them, after several changes, Louisiana Standard Oil Company was renamed Mobil Oil Company on 1966, and New Jersey Standard Oil Company was renamed Exxon Oil Company on 1972.
1999, Exxon and Mobil, which had been on and off for a hundred years, merged again to become "Exxon-Mobil Oil Company", and even ranked first among the top 500 companies in 2006.