At the press conference held on March 26th, Li Pumin, Secretary-General of the National Development and Reform Commission, revealed that the reform of decoupling agricultural product price formation mechanism from government subsidies is being studied and formulated, and relevant departments are working hard to formulate corresponding policies and measures according to the unified deployment of the State Council.
According to the planting area and yield per mu, and referring to the price comparison between soybean and corn, the state will finally determine the target price subsidy method for soybeans in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia. As the above-mentioned areas are in the stage of preparation for cultivation, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments are measuring the cultivated area and other data.
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Chen Yangui, president of Qiqihar Soybean Association, has been on the phone constantly recently, and farmers often visit him and ask him about the soybean target price subsidy: how much is the subsidy? How much can you make up for farmers?
"Seeing that soybeans are about to be planted. The weather is warm this year, and it is estimated that we can sow in mid-April. The actual farmers have been preparing for farming since the beginning of the year. Everyone hopes that the subsidy policy will be introduced as soon as possible, because once the seeds are planted, planting beans or planting corn will not change. " Chen Yangui said.
At the same time, the special research group of soybean target price recently came to Liuliangku and Dongxue Biotechnology Company in Helen City, Heilongjiang Province to investigate the soybean storage price and soybean product processing.
The research team had a discussion and exchange with farmers in Min 'an Village, Zhayinhe Township on the planting situation of main varieties of food crops, changes in food costs, land circulation, soybean target price expectations and food sales channels.
At the symposium, farmers generally reported that the economic benefits of planting soybeans are far less than those of rice and corn. A hectare of soybeans can only sell for 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and a hectare of corn can sell for 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. Some farmers have begun to change the black land where soybeans were originally planted into corn.
This is not a case. According to an industry veteran, as dryland crops, the planting area of corn and soybean is in a competitive state, and the area is relatively stable only when the planting income is equivalent (that is, soybean price ≈ corn price × soybean/corn yield ratio).
"20 1 1 year, the yield ratio of corn and soybean is 1: 2.8, that is, 1 yuan corn corresponds to 2.8 yuan soybean; However, in 20 13 years, the purchase price of corn in our province was1.1yuan, and the price of soybean was only 2.30 yuan, which was a big gap, so most farmers abandoned planting soybeans. " The above-mentioned person said.
Although there is a national temporary purchasing and storage policy for soybeans, the minimum protective price is adopted to buy them to farmers, but compared with other crops such as corn and rice, the comparative benefit is still low. It is driven by such interests that the soybean planting area in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia is shrinking year by year, with an alarming range.
Taking Heilongjiang Province as an example, the data released by the statistics department show that the soybean planting area was 67.35 million mu in 20 10, decreased to 51930,000 mu in 20 13, less than 40 million mu in 20 12, and 20 13.
"If the price relationship does not change in the future, the reduction of soybean planting area will be more intense." The above-mentioned senior people said.
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The research team also listened to the opinions and suggestions of local governments, agricultural committees, finance, grain purchasing and storage, processing enterprises and farmers' representatives on the target price of grain, and conducted extensive discussions on the feasibility, existing problems and price subsidies of soybeans.
Heilongjiang Soybean Association suggested to the relevant departments that the policy of "target price subsidy" should be implemented as soon as possible on the basis of the minimum protective price policy, which can not only compete for the pricing power and discourse power in the soybean market, but also effectively stabilize the soybean planting area and increase the checks and balances on the price fluctuation of imported soybeans. The combination of these two policies has increased interaction.
"According to the income ratio of soybeans and corn, the difference between soybeans and corn should be subsidized to soybean farmers, which can improve the enthusiasm of soybean farmers to grow soybeans." A participant said.
Ma Wenfeng, an analyst of Oriental Iger Agricultural Consulting Co., Ltd., also suggested that the target price subsidy for soybeans should refer to the idea of corn price comparison, but he thought that the final price comparison between soybeans and japonica rice or corn should be lower to ensure the stable production of staple food and rations. "If the price is too high, it will affect corn planting."
Ma Wenfeng suggested that the profit rate of soybean planting cost should be between 20% and 30%, so as to ensure that the planting area will not decrease.
"Saying that soybeans are not staple foods violates the national standards for staple foods. From a practical point of view, soybeans are also higher than corn, and one third of corn is used for industrial consumption, but the finished products of soybeans are all in the edible link, so compared with corn, soybeans are staple food and food. " Wang Xiaoyu, deputy secretary general of Heilongjiang Soybean Association, said.
As for the amount of subsidies, Wang Xiaoyu thinks this is not the most important. It is important to implement the target price subsidy policy first, and then consider whether it is enough. If it is not enough, it can be replenished.
However, it is certain that the pilot of soybean target price subsidy in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia will be launched in 20 14, which was clearly put forward in the No.1 Document of the Central Committee this year. At the same time, China's agricultural sector is also collecting the practices of countries with more developed market economies. According to experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, after the United States began to implement the target price subsidy from 1973, American agriculture ushered in golden decade.
The United States determines the target price for the next five years according to the subsidized area and unit output. Now they are not target prices, but reference prices. According to the cost, market price and reasonable farmers' income, it was first debated in Congress and finally rose to the national level.
It is worth mentioning that the target price subsidy system in the United States is based on the credit system and detailed statistics. There are only 2 million farms in the United States, but there are more than 200 million farmers in China. There are170,000 farmers and 6-7 million bean farmers in Heilongjiang province alone.
"How to collect the data of more than 200 million farmers, the cost of collection may be more than the financial expenditure of subsidies." The above-mentioned experts from the Ministry of Agriculture expressed concern.
On April 1 day, Liu Denggao, executive vice president of China Soybean Industry Association, told this reporter that the output and mu number are well determined, but more importantly, what is the principle and purpose of formulating the target price subsidy policy, which is to protect this industry or give up this industry? The policy should be a complete system. Only when the principles and objectives are determined can the strength and direction of protection be determined.