background
After the founding of New China, the Ministry of Railways began to adjust the layout of locomotive and rolling stock industry according to factors such as railway mileage, road network density and hub setting. While merging, adjusting and transforming the original rolling stock factories, a number of new factories have been built in various places and other places. At the same time, in order to cooperate with the construction and deployment of China's machinery industry during the First Five-Year Plan period (1953- 1957), a number of large-scale modern backbone enterprises will be built with the emphasis on developing heavy industry manufacturing such as metallurgical equipment, power generation equipment, transportation machinery and metal cutting machine tools. According to this arrangement, the China Municipal Government has built more than 70 major projects with an investment of over100000 yuan. In order to fill the blank of professional railway locomotive factory, Datong Locomotive Factory was established, which was one of the key projects of 654.38+056 during the First Five-Year Plan period. At the same time, other rolling stock industries have been established, including Changchun Bus Factory, Changchun Locomotive Factory and Zhuzhou Truck Factory.
1954, with the approval of the central people's government, the First Ministry of Machinery Industry established the "Preparatory Office of Datong Locomotive Works". After investigation and demonstration, it was decided on September 3 1954 to build a large steam locomotive factory in Datong, Shanxi. 19551June 10, the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Administration of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry renamed the preparatory office of Datong Locomotive Works as "428 Factory". Subsequently, on March 27th 1957, it was approved to cancel the code name of "428 Factory" and officially changed its name to Datong Locomotive Works. Although the name "428 Factory" has only been used for less than two years, it is still very common for Datong people to call Datong Locomotive Works "428". Datong Locomotive Senior Technical School, established together with Datong Locomotive Works, is still commonly known as "428 Technical School".
Steam locomotive production
The first locomotive produced by Datong Locomotive Works-Mir 350 1
Qianjin 10 1 The nameplate of locomotive production is now in China Railway Museum 1957. 17 On August 5th, Datong Locomotive Works broke ground. At that time, the total land area of the production area was/kloc-0.05 million square meters, the construction area was 270,000 square meters, and the total number of equipment was nearly 2,800. The design production scale is to produce building steam every year. Due to the influence of the Great Leap Forward since 1958, the demand for railway locomotives has risen sharply, and Datong Locomotive Works started the trial production of locomotives before the workshop was completely completed. During the period of 1959, Datong Locomotive Works started trial production of freight steam locomotives for Heping trunk line according to the drawings provided by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works. 1959 65438+On February 26th, the first locomotive manufactured by Datong Locomotive Works-Heping 350 1 was successfully trial-produced [3]. By 1964, according to the actual needs of China railway, Datong Locomotive Works has comprehensively improved the traction thermal performance of Heping locomotive, redesigned the locomotive boiler and added smoke screens. 1On September 28th, 964, the first Xinhe flat steam locomotive (car number HP 10 1, later changed to Qianjin1kloc-0/) was successfully trial-produced in Datong, and was named Qianjin Locomotive. 1April 1965, Datong Locomotive Works was designated as the sole manufacturer of forward steam locomotives by the Ministry of Railways, and mass production began. Since then, as the most powerful and efficient steam locomotive in China, Qianjin has become the main steam locomotive of China's railway trunk freight at that time. Due to the close relationship between Qianjin Locomotive and Datong Locomotive Works, the location of Datong Locomotive Works is also named "Qianjin Road", the factory song is called "Qianjin Song" and the factory newspaper is called "Qianjin Newspaper".
By1August 20th, 979, the cumulative output of advanced steam locomotives manufactured by Datong Locomotive Works reached 3,000 sets, which was awarded by the Ministry of Railways. 1980, Datong Locomotive Works further set a new production record and created a new level of annual output of 325 steam locomotives. 1March, 984, Datong Locomotive Works suddenly received an urgent order from the Ministry of Railways to "urgently produce 30 front-mounted locomotives to ensure the opening of the new line from Anhui to Jiangxi". As the Ministry of Railways requires anhui-jiangxi railway to run through the whole line on June 1 day of the same year, Datong Locomotive Works is required to complete the manufacturing task of 30 front-mounted locomotives before May 15, and deliver them to the Anhui-Jiangxi line for use. It takes 52 days for a forward locomotive to be put into production and assembled into a locomotive. If a locomotive is built every day, it will take 82 days. In addition, it takes more time to adjust the production process and complete the conversion of engineering locomotives. However, Datong Locomotive Works has set off a competition upsurge of "going forward bravely and protecting Anhui and Jiangxi". 75 days later, 30 brand-new vanguard locomotives went to the new Anhui-Jiangxi line on time and put into operation. 1985, Datong Locomotive Works began to further improve the design according to the rising demand and existing problems in the construction of steam locomotives, and in 1986, it developed the first "Construction Type B" steam locomotive (JS-800 1).
As one of the only large trunk steam locomotive manufacturers in the world, Datong Locomotive Works has attracted tens of thousands of steam locomotive enthusiasts from all over the world from 1970s to 1980s. In order to meet the requirements of steam locomotive enthusiasts at home and abroad, the "China First Datong International Steam Locomotive Festival" and "China Past Dynasties Steam Locomotive Tour Exhibition" jointly sponsored by Datong Locomotive Works, Ministry of Railways, Shanxi Province and other relevant departments were held in Datong City, Shanxi Province from June 65438 to September 0988 17. As of1October 20th 1988, 10, Datong Locomotive Works has manufactured 557 steam locomotives of various types, covering 2 1 railway bureaus in China and16 locomotives. At the end of 1988, Datong Locomotive Works stopped producing large trunk steam locomotives and switched to diesel locomotives and electric locomotives according to the instructions of the Ministry of Railways. 1988 65438+February 2 1 The last trunk steam locomotive leaves the factory in 7207. On the same day, Datong Locomotive Works also held a grand refit ceremony.
Diesel locomotive production
The first Dongfeng 4B diesel locomotive produced by Datong Locomotive Works. Datong Locomotive Works is developing in other aspects while producing steam locomotives. As early as1mid-1960s, Datong Locomotive Works began to try to develop diesel locomotives, and successfully trial-produced the first diesel locomotive-Dongfeng diesel locomotive with the number ND-0032 on 1965+05438+05. 1969 65438+February, Datong Locomotive Works successfully trial-produced the first "Long March" 3000 horsepower gas turbine locomotive in China [5]. Datong Locomotive Works officially started mass production of diesel locomotives on 1986. On September 22nd, 1986, the first Dongfeng 4B diesel locomotive (DF4B-600 1) manufactured by Datong Factory cut the ribbon. On September 26th, 1997, Datong Locomotive Works began to produce Dongfeng 4C diesel locomotives. With the conversion of the same car into an electric locomotive, two diesel locomotives of Datong Locomotive Works, Dongfeng 4B and Dongfeng 4C, stopped production on 1998 and 1999 respectively. Up to now, Datong Locomotive Works has manufactured 659 diesel locomotives of various models.
Electric locomotive production
1985, Datong Locomotive Works realized that electric locomotives are the important development direction of China railway locomotive and rolling stock industry in the future, and put forward the production layout idea of "Nanzhu (Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works) and Datong Locomotive Works". 1989 10, the Ministry of Railways officially approved the plan of Datong Locomotive Works to switch to electric locomotives. 1September 1990 15, the first Shaoshan 3 electric locomotive trial-produced by Datong Locomotive Works was completed according to the drawings of Zhuzhou Works [3]. 1992, the first Shaoshan 7 electric locomotive developed by Datong Locomotive Works passed the acceptance test. Subsequently, the 25-ton axle load Shaoshan 7B heavy-haul freight electric locomotive and Shaoshan 7C and Shaoshan 7D speed-up passenger electric locomotives were developed one after another, which serialized Shaoshan 7 electric locomotives. Shaoshan 7C, Shaoshan 7D and Shaoshan 7E locomotives have successively become the main locomotives for the third, fourth and fifth speed increase of China Railway. 1June, 1999, Datong Locomotive Works stopped producing diesel locomotives and became a professional factory that only manufactures electric locomotives.
From 20065438+0 to 2002, Datong Electric Locomotive Works participated in the development project of "China Star" EMU with a speed of 270km/h, and cooperated with Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works to develop AC drive motor trains. By the end of 2003, the same car had produced 1, 146 electric locomotives of various types. In 2004, Datong electric locomotive was responsible for the development of the key scientific research project "Tissot AC drive passenger electric locomotive" of CNR Group.
Reform the system
Historically, Datong Locomotive Works successively belonged to the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Administration of the First Ministry of Machinery Industry, the General Administration of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry of the Ministry of Railways and China Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry Corporation. In 2000, with the separation of state-owned enterprises and the reorganization of auxiliary industries, China Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation was reorganized into China North Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation and China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Group Corporation, and Datong Electric Locomotive Factory, as an important part, was placed under CNR and named as China CNR Datong Locomotive & Rolling Stock Factory.
In 2003, CNR reorganized Datong Locomotive Works and established Datong Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd. ..
Foreign cooperation
196, Datong Locomotive Works and ABC Railway Products China Investment Company of the United States jointly invested to establish Datong ABC Casting Co., Ltd., of which 60% was contributed by the same locomotive and 40% was contributed by the United States. The design scale is160,000 integral cast steel wheels/year, which was completed in 1998. In 2002, DSA series pantograph technology group of Stegman Company was introduced to establish Beijing Saidtek Railway Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., and in 2005, Datong ABB Traction Transformer Co., Ltd. was established as a joint venture with ABB (China) Co., Ltd.
Since 2003, in accordance with the strategy of "introducing advanced technology, joint design and production, and building China brand" put forward by the State Council, China, under the unified arrangement of the Ministry of Railways, Datong Electric Locomotive, as one of the key supporting enterprises for the modernization of rolling stock equipment of the Ministry of Railways, has cooperated with Alstom. In February, 2005, Datong electric locomotive and Alstom signed a project contract for the procurement and technology transfer of high-power AC drive electric locomotives to jointly produce HXD2 electric locomotives [7][8]. In view of the manufacturing technology transferred by Alstom, the same car company has invested 800 million yuan to implement technical transformation and process reengineering since 2004, from the digital material preparation of plasma NC cutting and high-quality welding of welding manipulator to the precision machining of NC machining center, the precision detection of CMM and the advanced test of locomotive debugging, and built seven professional production lines with international advanced level [9]. On May 8, 2007, the first domestic HXD2 locomotive rolled off the assembly line in Datong.