Multiple-choice questions often test microorganisms, immunity, ecosystem, photosynthesis and respiration. Followed by metabolism and regulation, meiosis and mitosis. Then there is the combination of genetics and various experiments in textbooks. Sometimes the homeostasis of the human body is tested.
Test center:
Microorganism: the growth law, growth curve and characteristics of each growth period of microorganisms. Special microorganisms in the culture medium. For example, the selection medium of Staphylococcus aureus and the identification of Escherichia coli. Metabolism and regulation of microorganisms. Pay attention to the artificial control of microorganisms: continuous culture, change the permeability of cell membrane. Sometimes testing microorganisms is also related to genetic engineering. For example, bacterial plasmid can be used as the carrier of genetic engineering, and the drug-resistant gene on it can be used as the target gene. Inactivated virus is an inducer of cell engineering. There are also differences in cells and genes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in microorganisms (although this is often used as a fill-in-the-blank test).
Immunity: There are nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Although specific immunity is often tested, non-specific immunity can not be ignored, because the college entrance examination is often very detailed. The first thing to look at is the process of lymphocyte formation, which is easily forgotten by students. Then there is the process of humoral immunity and cellular immunity. This is not difficult, just remember the picture. Then pay attention to the relationship between humoral immunity and cellular immunity, especially the examples given in it! For diseases caused by immune disorders, just look at this section and write down the cases.
Ecosystem: light in ecological factors: remembering the pictures of sun plants and shade plants will affect the molting of animals and the migration of birds. Temperature, water, just reading. Biological factors mainly depend on the relationship diagram. Then understand the concepts of population and community. Don't forget the structure of the ecosystem. Besides the four components of the ecosystem, there are food chains and food webs. The process of energy flow is a common test site, which needs to be seen and understood in detail.
Photosynthesis and respiration: The two are often combined. In the examination of photosynthesis, we should look at the photosynthesis in Volume I and Volume III together. Often combined with the graphic test of photosynthetic rate, the movement of light saturation point and light compensation point under the influence of different external factors is concerned. In addition, there are differences between C3 plant and C4 plant. Also pay attention to the curves of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration with O2 concentration and intensity. Finally, read carefully the process of aerobic breathing, and be sure to pay attention to the details.
Metabolism and regulation: blood sugar regulation: insulin and glucagon, and an adrenaline. Thermoregulation can be divided into cold environment and hot environment. The former is neurohumoral regulation, and the latter is neuroregulation. There are also differences in temperature changes and oxygen consumption of warm-blooded animals. Regulation should be related to the regulation of the total amount of life activities in the first volume: hormone regulation in plants is rarely tested. If the duality of auxin is generally tested, the concentration map of that root bud stem can be combined. In addition, we should pay attention to the inhibition and promotion of several hormones other than auxin. Emphasis is placed on the regulation of life activities of human beings and higher animals: this emphasis is on the hormone list introduced into the human body. See details. Don't forget humoral regulation and CO2 and H+.
Meiosis and mitosis: This is a map that combines changes in DNA content and chromosome content. Usually, you will also test your cell map at various stages of meiosis. This is a question of understanding.
Heredity: I remember this less, mainly because I understand the operation.
Experiment in the textbook: I think your teacher also spent some time reviewing this. Just read more and remember more.
Genetic engineering, cell engineering, and fermentation engineering: If you look at these three together, it won't be difficult, mainly the two enzymes in genetic engineering, the method of extracting the target gene, and the detection and expression of the target gene.
Cell engineering likes to experiment with plant tissue culture and preparation of monoclonal antibodies. Fermentation engineering is a simple look.
These are what I think I often take. Many times I like to take examples from books, so I'd better remember all the examples from books. In fact, you can also summarize several sets of papers yourself. It's much better to summarize while turning over a book than simply reading a book or looking at an examination paper.
The scope of the later big exam is wider, but I think the focus is on immunity, heredity and neuromodulation. Will test general genetics. Anyway, Chongqing is like this.
Hehe, I told you. Then I suggest you summarize it yourself. After all, different regions are different.