Ohio is located in the middle of the United States, bordering Canada in the north and near Chicago and Detroit. The automobile industry and aero-engine industry are developed, and it is also a big agricultural state, which has unique advantages in agricultural machinery manufacturing, deep processing of agricultural products, cold chain storage and so on.
The first automobile exhibition in American history began in 1900, 165438+ 10, and was held in Madison Square Garden in new york. From the previous auto shows, we can see the development history of American automobile industry, and also the development of American automobile industry in automobile modeling and function.
By the end of 19, the American economy had reached a relatively high level, and industrial production began to be in the forefront of the world. The development of steel and petrochemical industries has created conditions for the automobile industry. 1908, Ford introduced the famous Model T, which cost less than 500 dollars? A car that is reduced to $300 is only 1/4 or even110 of the price of similar cars at that time, and an ordinary American worker can buy it with one year's salary. Ford's Model T strategy makes the car a real public transport. 19 13, Ford used assembly lines to assemble cars for the first time in production, which brought revolutionary changes to the automobile industry, and then there was a climax of popularizing cars in the United States.
The first stage: 1900-19 15. 1893 Henry? Seven years after Ford invented the world's first gasoline-powered car, cars began to be mass-produced, and people entered the automobile age. Moby Motor Company of olds, founded in 1887, is the oldest automobile manufacturer in the United States. The Doctor coupe produced by the company in 1903 is a single-cylinder engine car, and it is also the first batch of cars produced by the company. 1903 * * produces about 4000 cars a year. 1909 Ford model t produced by Ford motor company opened a new era of automobile manufacturing. It can be said that the United States and even the whole world made the automobile a pioneer of mass transportation in the 20th century, because it was the first automobile assembled on the production line in the world. At that time, the media unanimously elected Ford Model T as the most important automobile invention in the 20th century. Ford adopted the mass production method, improved the Model T, and reduced the price at the same time, thus changing the human lifestyle. 1908, General Motors, the world's largest automobile manufacturer, was founded. Thanks to the efforts of these two major automobile companies, automobile performance is getting better and better, and sales are booming. American automobile sales exceeded 19 16 for the first time, and reached a new milestone of exceeding 2 million vehicles at 1920.
The second stage: 19 16-1929. Automobile manufacturing is becoming more and more mature in this period. More and more middle-class people own cars, and the modeling of cars has become an important step in the process of automobile manufacturing. General Motors took the lead in setting up an art and color production department. During this period, it was popular for wealthy families to customize the body, that is, first buy the mechanical parts of a car, and then design the customized body. Although the appearance of many classic cars is the product of this period, body customization is actually very expensive and not practical. Cadillac automobile company was founded in 1902, and has always been famous for its excellent mechanical parts. The company once had a record of disassembling three cars, disassembling the whole mechanical parts and then mixing them into three cars. This move aims to emphasize the standardization and consistency of Cadillac parts. In addition, Pierce Arrow Automobile Company, a prestigious senior automobile manufacturer at that time, produced cars in Buffalo, upstate New York, ranging from 190 1 to 1938. In the early days, the company adopted aluminum alloy body and equipped with dynamic brakes. During this period, the American automobile industry has been able to produce 8-cylinder engine sports cars that meet the needs of consumers, and the speed can reach 1 15 miles per hour. 1925 Chrysler automobile company, the third largest American automobile manufacturer, was established. 1929, on the eve of the great depression, American car sales exceeded 5 million.
The third stage: 1930-1942, the engine design of automobile has made great progress in this period by using aerodynamic principles. However, World War II made automobile manufacturers invest in manufacturing military vehicles and machinery, and the appearance of automobiles did not change significantly. The appearance of jeep with almost no modeling is entirely based on actual needs. The packard automobile company * * * made seven kinds of high-performance packard Speedstar cars with a speed of 100 miles per hour, which were regarded as the representatives of luxury cars at that time. At that time, there were 15 luxury car manufacturers in the global market, and Packrad occupied 50% market share. From 1902 to 1934, the engines produced by Franklin Sport Runabout Automobile Company in Syracuse, new york began to use air cooling system.
The fourth stage: 1946-1959 with the advent of the jet era, the shape of the car tends to be lower, longer and wider, and a large tail is added to the rear of the car. The automobile modeling in this period has two characteristics, one is the anti-collision design of the car body, and the other is the popularity of the tail wing. In 1950s, the most distinctive car in America was the station wagon, which symbolized the beautiful life of suburban families. During this period, Ford Thunderbird used to be the spokesperson of the company's sports car. Thunderbird 8-cylinder two-seater roadster produced by this company 1955, its roof is made of movable fiberglass, which is highly praised for its gorgeous shape, and later it is praised as a symbol of private cars because of its light handling. 1958, an American automobile manufacturer specially designed a DualGhia 1 00 prototype car with only1car, with 400 horsepower (294 kilowatts) and a top speed of 140 miles (224 kilometers) for the new york International Auto Show, and equipped with a box-type car that fans dreamed of at that time.
The fifth stage: 1960-1979, consumers abandoned the car styling that emphasized bigger and more beautiful in the past, and the traditional conservative styling became popular, and small cars represented by Beetle were very popular. Some reasonably priced small sports cars, such as Mustang and Corvette, are generally popular, and the small car market has begun to grow. The three major American automobile companies have all launched such products, and the Ford Mustang sports car took the lead in setting off a small car revolution at 1964. Jaguar electric vehicle has won the favor of consumers with its exquisite streamlined appearance. When Jaguar XKE made its debut at the New York International Auto Show at 196 1, it immediately caused a sensation. This two-seater and two-door convertible has a speed of 150 miles (240 kilometers) per hour, and its innovative independent rear suspension system made it very popular at the auto show that year.
The sixth stage: 1980 -2000. Since the 1980s, the American automobile industry has been almost unable to cope with the fierce offensive of the Japanese automobile industry, and Japanese companies such as Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi and Fuji have successively set up factories in the United States. In order to compete with Japanese cars, the American automobile industry constantly introduces new models. Light passenger and cargo vehicles called minivans have become the most popular models in one fell swoop. The appearance of this car is closer to that of an ordinary car, but the rear of the car increases the space for placing articles, accounting for about 1/3 of the car's weight, and the driving feeling is similar to that of an ordinary car. Family cars, coupes and sports cars also pay attention to streamlined design, changing the linear design of the past 20 years. In the 1990s, multi-purpose vehicles took the lead again, because many Americans like to have the function of carrying goods and off-road, which can be used as a means of transportation for driving cars to and from work.
From the beginning of the 20th century to the present, the American automobile industry has a history of 100 years. In the fierce competition with its peers, it has been constantly innovating and developing, catering to consumers' demand for automobile styling performance, dominating the world automobile industry, and the United States has become a veritable automobile power and industrial power. In this process, General Motors of the United States not only became the world's largest automobile company, but also became the world's leading multinational group (the sales of General Motors 1993 were133.6 billion US dollars, accounting for about 45% of China's gross national product in the same year. In the United States, it consumes more than 10% steel and more than 25% rubber. Until today, there is still no second car company to replace its dominant position.