According to the nature of capital stock, the capital stock structure can be divided into the following categories:
1. State-owned shares: refers to the shares held by the state, usually held by the government or government agencies on behalf of the state.
2. Internal employee shares: refers to the shares held by employees within the company, which are usually issued to encourage employees to work actively.
3. tradable shares: refers to shares other than state-owned shares and internal employee shares, which are usually held by the public.
According to the distribution of shareholders, the capital structure can be divided into the following categories:
1. Ownership concentration structure: refers to the fact that the shares of a company are mainly held by a few major shareholders, which usually leads to the concentration of decision-making power of the company in a few hands.
2. Decentralized ownership structure: refers to the company's shares scattered in the hands of many minority shareholders. This ownership structure usually increases the difficulty of company decision-making, because the interests of more shareholders need to be considered.
3. Mixed ownership structure: refers to the company's shares with both centralized shareholders and decentralized shareholders. This ownership structure usually leads to the need to consider the dual interests of centralized shareholders and decentralized shareholders in company decision-making.
Different capital structures have different effects on the company's business decision-making and management. For companies with concentrated capital structure, decision-making is usually more efficient, but the interests of minority shareholders may be overprotected; For companies with decentralized capital structure, decision-making is usually more democratic, but it may be difficult to unify opinions. Therefore, the company needs to choose the appropriate capital structure according to its own situation in order to maximize the management and operation benefits.