According to the length of the loan period, loans can be divided into short-term loans and medium-and long-term loans.
1), short-term loans with a term of 1 year or 1 year (temporary loans for more than 3 months and less than 6 months), characterized by short term, low risk and high interest rate. They are usually issued in the form of "loans", which are mainly used to meet the needs of borrowers for short-term funds.
2) The medium-term loan term is over 1 year (excluding 1 year) and under five years (including five years), which is characterized by long term, high interest rate, poor liquidity and high risk.
3) Long-term loans of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years).
2. How many years is the term of the medium and long-term loan?
1 to 3 years.
1. Temporary loan: Temporary loan refers to a working capital loan with a term of less than 3 months (including 3 months), which is mainly used for enterprises to purchase goods at one time and make up for the temporary needs of other seasonal payment funds.
2. Short-term loans: Short-term loans refer to working capital loans with a term of 3 months to 65,438+0 years (excluding 3 months, including 65,438+0 years), which are mainly used for the capital needs of normal production and operation of enterprises.
3. Medium-term loans: Medium-term loans refer to working capital loans with a term of 65,438+0 to 3 years (excluding 65,438+0 years, including 3 years), which are mainly used for the regular turnover in the normal production and operation of enterprises and to lay the foundation for working capital loans.
1. Liquidity refers to the liquidity of an enterprise. Liquidity is the manifestation of current assets, that is, the total assets that an enterprise can realize or consume in one year or more in a production cycle. Broadly speaking, working capital refers to all current assets of an enterprise, including cash, inventory (materials, products in process and finished products), accounts receivable, securities, prepayments and other items.
All the above items are necessary for business operation, so working capital has a popular name, called working capital.
Liquidity in a narrow sense = current assets-current liabilities. The so-called networkingcapital. According to this definition, the source of funds for current assets should be another long-term source besides current liabilities.
The amount of net working capital represents the present situation of an enterprise. The more net working capital, the more net working assets, the stronger its short-term solvency, so its credit status is higher, so it is easier to raise funds in the capital market and the cost is lower.
3. What is the term of the medium and long-term loan?
Medium-term loans with a term of 1 to 5 years. Compared with short-term loans, medium-term loans have the characteristics of longer term, greater risk and lower liquidity. Long-term loans, with a term of more than 5 years, the bank has relevant regulations. Common long-term loans, such as mortgages, require a large amount of funds and cannot be paid off in a short time.
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1. Medium-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than one year (excluding one year) and less than five years (including five years); Long-term loans refer to loans with a loan term of more than 5 years (excluding 5 years). Including: technical transformation loans, capital construction loans, engineering loans, real estate loans, etc. Medium-and long-term loans, also known as project loans, refer to loans issued by commercial banks for borrowers to build, expand, rebuild, develop and purchase fixed assets investment projects. Real estate loans also belong to the category of project loans, but the policies implemented are different from those of project loans.
2. The object of the project loan is the same as that of the working capital loan; The basic conditions are the same as working capital loans, but the following requirements must be met at the same time: the declared project conforms to the national industrial policy, credit policy and the loan investment of our bank; The project has a capital ratio stipulated by the state; Long-term loans need to be approved by the relevant government departments, and the approval documents of the competent examination and approval department must be held. The borrower has good credit standing, strong solvency, perfect management system, and the proportion of foreign equity investment conforms to the relevant provisions of the state. Can provide legal and effective guarantee.
3. Compared with other loans, project loans have the following characteristics: projects supported by loans need to be examined and approved in accordance with the examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state. Fixed assets investment projects generally have to go through several approvals, such as project initiation, feasibility study, preliminary design and construction, before they can enter the construction. After the project is completed, the relevant government departments will organize the completion, final accounts, acceptance and other work. Fixed assets loans must consider supporting other construction funds. The state stipulates that construction projects must have capital, that is, investors' non-debt funds. The proportion of funds required for projects in different industries to the total investment is different, and bank loans cannot be used as project capital. Banks usually hold more than 30% of the project capital. Fixed assets loans have a long term, often one-time approval, multiple issuance and loans; The interest rate is fixed every year. The fixed assets loan takes all the capital requirements of the whole project as the evaluation object, and the commitment is approved at one time. According to the project schedule and the annual loan plan, the loan stage will be completed year by year. The term of a fixed asset loan contract refers to the period from the first loan to the last loan being paid off. The contract interest rate is the first annual interest rate of the loan, which is adjusted every year according to the interest rate changes of the People's Bank of China.