1, natural and market risks. Small businesses, individual operators and farmers are vulnerable groups. Affected by natural conditions and market, there are great natural and market risks. Once the sales of products are blocked due to disasters and reduced production, it will directly affect its repayment ability and will directly turn into guarantee risk. The sales and price of products are greatly influenced by the market, with low technical content and lack of competitiveness in price and quality. Once hit, the loan will inevitably not be repaid on schedule. In addition, the risk of accidents is also a big problem for them to repay loans, mainly due to illness and accidental disability. These risks are characterized by uncertainty and many protection objects. Once you meet them, it's difficult to recover the loans they guarantee.
2. Moral and credit risks. The first is moral hazard. Engaged in PICC due to lax audit and irregular operation; The second is the moral hazard of operators. Falsely taking the loan for other purposes, violating the loan application request, and not using the loan according to the application purpose; The third is the risk of credit change. Because the degree of the insured's reputation is uncertain, some reputation is reduced and some reputation is lost, but the company can't grasp these changes at any time, and the risk may be extended and amplified.
3. Institutional risks. It may be that the management methods and working procedures are not perfect, or divorced from the actual work, resulting in untrue credit rating and subjective judgment in the operation process.
4. Operational risks. There are many small loan enterprises that may be involved, and the workload of investigation and rating is heavy, and the quality and ability of personnel are limited. Insufficient personnel may lead to operational risks.
5. Industrial policy risk and legal system risk.
Risk prevention:
1, implement credit project. Establish customer credit files, investigate and record customer credit through various channels. Manage customers with credit rating, implement membership system, and give certain preferential treatment and convenience to high-quality customers.
2. The pre-loan investigation must be comprehensive, true and complete. To accurately reflect the customer's credit status, repayment ability, profitability, company operation and so on. There should be clear and detailed regulations on the system.
3. Establish a risk dispersion mechanism. It mainly includes: increasing guarantee varieties and optimizing the combination of guarantee varieties; Control the debt ratio guaranteed by a single customer and the debt ratio guaranteed by a single industry; 10 The maximum guarantee balance of the customer shall not exceed a certain proportion of the net capital of the guarantee company, and the guarantee balance with a term of more than one year shall not exceed a certain proportion of the total guarantee balance. Standardized guarantee companies should actively reduce the overall guarantee risk of the company by controlling the correlation between guarantee projects, appropriately dispersing the total guarantee amount; Re-guarantee and so on.
4. Strictly implement the risk reserve system. Guarantee companies draw a certain proportion of reserves from guarantee income and profits, which are mainly used for compensation and bad debt treatment. In order to nip in the bud, the guarantee company should, in accordance with the relevant regulations, draw the unearned liability reserve at 50% of the guarantee fee difference in the current year, draw the guarantee compensation reserve at a rate of not less than 65,438+0% of the guarantee liability balance at the end of the current year, and draw the risk reserve at a certain proportion of the profit after income tax. Guarantee companies themselves should strictly implement the reserve extraction standards and increase their ability to resist risks by expanding the number of risk reserves.
5. Establish risk-taking mechanisms for loan banks, insurance companies and guarantee institutions. It is necessary to prevent banks from relaxing the loan review of the insured because of the guarantee, and strengthen the bank's loan responsibility by determining a reasonable guarantee ratio. (This article is limited to the status quo of bank-insurance cooperation, which is difficult to achieve in reality)
6, internal strict examination and approval, establish a scientific and strict risk prevention and control mechanism.