There are about 650 kinds of poisonous snakes in the world, and about 200 kinds can kill people. There are 158 species of snakes, 47 species of poisonous snakes and 10 species that cause death in China. King cobra, golden ring snake, silver ring snake, Agkistrodon halys, Agkistrodon acutus, bamboo leaf green, sea snake, Agkistrodon halys and welding head are the most poisonous.
Poisonous snakes such as Bungarus multicinctus and Bungarus multicinctus contain neurotoxins, which can poison people's nervous system and cause muscle paralysis. After being bitten by this poisonous snake, there is only a slight burning or itching sensation in the local area, and symptoms of systemic poisoning appear in 1 ~ 3 hours, such as weakness of limbs, salivation, drooping eyelids, nausea and vomiting, slurred speech and dysphagia. In severe cases, the whole body was paralyzed, coma, convulsions, dilated pupils, and finally died of respiratory center paralysis.
Agkistrodon acutus, bamboo leaf green, Agkistrodon halys, welding head and other poisonous snakes all contain blood poison, which can dissolve tissues, hemolyze and anticoagulate blood.
It mainly damages blood, destroys blood vessel wall and causes systemic bleeding. After being bitten by this poisonous snake, the local pain and swelling are obvious.
Obviously, and quickly spread upward, skin bleeding and even necrosis, wound bleeding. The patient is sore and cold all over.
Fever, thirst, irritability, decreased blood pressure, shock, and repeated bleeding (such as subcutaneous bleeding, nosebleeds, hematemesis, hemoptysis, and hematuria)
Blood, etc. ). In severe cases, heart failure and renal failure may occur.
The venom secreted by king cobra, cobra, viper and other poisonous snakes has both neurotoxicity and blood toxicity, so it is called.
Mixed poison. The patient developed the poisoning symptoms of the above two kinds of venom after poisoning.
A tourniquet should be put on immediately after being bitten by a poisonous snake to prevent the toxin from being absorbed. The tourniquet is tied at the proximal end of the wound, 5 ~10 cm away from the wound; Don't tie the tourniquet too tightly. Zhong Song should give Ma Song once every 30 minutes, each time 1 ~ 2 minutes. The tourniquet should be removed only after learning of poisoning. The wound can be washed with clean water. After the above simple treatment, we will transfer to another hospital as soon as possible.
Serum refers to light yellow transparent liquid separated from plasma after removing fibrinogen after blood coagulation or refers to plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed. Its main function is to provide basic nutrients, hormones, various growth factors, binding proteins, promoting contact and stretching factors, preventing cell adhesion from being mechanically damaged, and playing a certain role in protecting cells in culture.
Fetal calf serum, dialysis fetal calf serum, natural low IGG fetal calf serum, stem cell cultured fetal calf serum, special fetal calf serum, fetal calf serum treated with activated carbon/glucose, fetal calf serum substitute, neonatal calf serum, fortified calf serum, calf serum supplemented with iron, adult calf serum, donor horse serum, rabbit serum, chicken serum, pig serum, horse serum, other animal serum and synthetic serum substitute.
Serum is a very complex mixture, which is formed by removing fibrinogen from plasma. Although most of its components are known, some of them are still unknown. The composition and content of serum often vary with the gender, age, physiological status and nutritional status of blood donors. Serum is a colloidal liquid without fibrinogen in plasma, which can maintain the normal viscosity, pH and osmotic pressure of blood. It is mainly composed of water and various chemical components, including albumin, α 1, α2, β, γ-globulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and so on. Serum contains various plasma proteins, peptides, fats, carbohydrates, growth factors, hormones, inorganic substances and so on. They are in physiological balance in promoting cell growth or inhibiting growth activity. Although great progress has been made in the study of serum composition and function, there are still some problems. Mainly:
First, there may be hundreds of serum components, but the exact composition, content and mechanism of action are still unclear, especially some polypeptide growth factors, hormones and lipids are not fully understood, which brings many difficulties to research work;
Secondly, serum is produced in batches, which varies greatly from batch to batch, and the storage period of serum is at most one year. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to ensure the similarity of each batch of serum, which limits the standardization and continuity of the experiment;
Thirdly, it is not excluded that serum contains volatile substances, which is considered to be one of the reasons for "deterioration in the bottle".