Since its establishment in the 1950s, the high-tech park has promoted the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, cultivated high-tech enterprises and entrepreneurs, nurtured new technological revolutions and emerging industries, enhanced the competitiveness of industrial clusters, and participated in the world division of labor. played an important promoting role. For a long time, many studies have mainly focused on the elements of park development, such as raw materials, labor, capital, technology, knowledge, entrepreneurship, industrial agglomeration, etc. AnnaLee Saxenian (1994 and 2006) believes that an open and mutually supportive regional culture and international industrial cooperation network are crucial to the development of science and technology parks; research by Samuel Kortum and Josh Lemer (2000) shows that the number of patents generated by 1 US dollar of venture capital is approximately This is 3.1 times the number of patents generated by a traditional company’s R&D investment of 1 US dollar, verifying the important role of venture capital. Wu Jinglian (2002) believed that the operation of venture capital requires market-oriented institutional arrangements; Gereffi (2001) analyzed the issues of industrial connections and industrial upgrading on a global scale from the perspective of the global value chain. Kessler (1999) and Bair et al. (2003) studied some export apparel clusters in Mexico to find the optimal path to embed themselves in the global value chain and achieve industrial upgrading. Some domestic scholars have also conducted research on these issues and drawn some useful conclusions. In fact, analysis of park construction and development issues is equally important for the future development of the park. Domestic high-tech parks will eventually integrate into the world like the Chinese economy and participate in park competition around the world. If they cannot recognize the problems existing in development, they will blindly rely on inefficiencies such as land enclosures, waste of resources, and unreasonable allocation of factors. At the cost, the original intention of scale economy and cluster development of the park will be lost, and the competitiveness will be lost.
1. Current Development Status of Northern Haidian Park
1. Basic Overview of Northern Haidian Park
The income of Northern Haidian Park mainly comes from Yongfeng Industrial Base and Zhongguancun Environmental Protection Park , Zhongguancun Innovation Park and Hot Spring Sujiatuo Information Communication, Bioengineering and New Medicine Functional Zone, totaling 23.26 square kilometers. The main industries are electronic information industry, new materials industry, energy and environmental protection industry, network communications industry and technology and finance industry.
As of the end of 2010, 341 enterprises and institutions of various types have signed contracts to settle in the Yongfeng Base, Environmental Protection Park, and Innovation Park affiliated to the park, with a total number of employees of about 42,000, and the total revenue of the settled enterprises has reached approximately 44.24 billion yuan, the total taxes and fees paid is about 2.5 billion yuan, and the output intensity is 352 million yuan/10,000 square meters. From an industrial perspective, network communications companies achieved a total revenue of approximately 17.2 billion yuan, accounting for 38.9% of the total revenue of settled companies; electronic information companies achieved a total revenue of approximately 12 billion yuan, accounting for 27.8% of the total revenue of settled companies; new materials , new energy and environmental science companies achieved a total revenue of approximately 6.1 billion yuan, accounting for 13.8% of the total revenue of the settled companies; aerospace companies achieved a total revenue of approximately 5 billion yuan, accounting for 11.3% of the total revenue of the settled companies; other companies in 2010 The total revenue achieved was approximately 3.94 billion yuan, accounting for 9% of the total revenue of the settled enterprises. The park's income concentration is relatively high, with 45 companies having a total income of over 100 million yuan, with a total income of 43.142 billion yuan, accounting for 97.5% of the base's total income.
2. Development ideas and practices
(1) Clarify the industrial functional positioning of the northern park. According to Haidian District’s construction and development plan for the northern area during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, in the next five years, Haidian Northern Park will focus on building “software and information service industries, new materials industries, new energy and environmental protection industries, Five characteristic industrial functional zones, including electronic information and communications industry, bioengineering and new pharmaceutical industry, have been constructed to form a R&D high-tech industry cluster of approximately 40 square kilometers, becoming a new engine leading the economic and social development of the region and a center for independent innovation in the capital. New landmark.
(2) Formulate and improve the standards for enterprise (project) settlement. In order to ensure that the settled enterprises are in line with the industrial function positioning of the northern park, Haidian District has formulated and improved the introduction method of key enterprises in the northern park, further clarified the types of introduced enterprises, and evaluated the investment scale, investment intensity, output value, main business income and tax growth of the introduced enterprises. Rates, etc. are clearly specified.
(3) Learn from the experience of park construction and development and formulate a series of policies and measures.
The policy system of Haidian Northern Park involves many fields such as finance and taxation, listing support, financing, venture capital, industry, academia and research, and talent. High-tech industrial policies have been expanded to include incubators, venture capital, industry, academia and research, and the policies have been continuously improved. The park is also actively learning from and absorbing the development experience of other parks, trying to integrate funds from different departments and maximize the efficiency of centralized use of capital.
(4) Take measures to control the pressure of excessively rising land supply costs and ensure land use efficiency. The cost of land development and demolition is too high, which has pushed up the cost of land supply and has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the northern Haidian Park. To this end, Haidian District has set up * ** A different "fund pool" will provide subsidies from this fund to projects that are lower than the benchmark land price according to different circumstances, so as to realize land cost subsidies for relevant industrial enterprises and achieve the purpose of controlling land prices.
2. Problems existing in the accelerated development of the northern Haidian Park
1. The degree of intensive and economical use of land needs to be further improved
Existing problems in the intensive and economical use of land Main issues: First, new land resources are limited and land supply costs are rising. How to combine scarce land resources with industrial positioning development and accumulation and implement them into actual land use policies and management practices is an issue that needs to be studied seriously. Second, the park’s land planning and use still does not avoid structural convergence with other parks, and fails to form good synergy and complementarity with other parks; third, the land supply standards are not completely unified during the investment promotion process, and standards are easy to break, which affects industrial accumulation. and the overall intensive and economical use of the park bring challenges and pressures.
The northern park has certain advantages in terms of overall development level, but from the perspective of output value per unit area, the park’s operating efficiency does not have significant advantages, and land resources need to be further intensively utilized. The insufficient division of labor among enterprises in the park is an important reason for the low degree of intensive land use and conservation. It has a negative impact on enterprises willing to come to Zhongguancun for development to settle in the northern park and restricts the cluster development of leading industries. At present, the number of enterprises entering Haidian Park is decreasing year by year, and the degree of cluster development of leading industries is not high, which further affects the level of intensive and economical use of land.
2. Existing high-end measures to introduce new industries need to be further deepened
At present, the northern Haidian Park has not yet formed a competitive advantage in industrial clusters, and industrial interaction and competitive spillover effects have not been achieved. It effectively reflects that there are still some problems to be solved in the introduction of high-end industries. First, the spillover effect of industrial competition and innovation capabilities in the park need to be improved. The advantage of the park's per capita innovation index cannot be effectively brought into play. In the long run, it will inevitably affect the concentration of high-end professional talents in the park and is not conducive to the improvement of innovation capabilities. In addition, the correlation between the number of scientific and technological personnel and the income of the park is not strong, and the creativity of scientific and technological personnel has not been fully utilized. The proportion of new product revenue and the intensity of investment in scientific and technological activities have decreased, reflecting that corporate innovation, R&D investment and industrial support policies in the park need to be further strengthened. Second, the industrial chain led by large enterprises needs to be cultivated and deeply integrated. Although the absolute number of patents is dominant, the relative number of authorizations, technology revenue ratio, and new product sales revenue ratio are not high. The reason is that independent innovation support policies, industry-university-research cooperation transformation mechanisms, incubator functions, industrial clusters and other factors that play an important role in the development of innovation capabilities fail to efficiently connect supporting industries and technologies. Third, the business environment, transportation convenience and living environment have restricted the agglomeration of high-end talents and industries to a certain extent, and there is room for improvement.