2.3.2. 1 development direction of geological core drilling equipment
In the field of geological core drilling, the full hydraulic power head drilling rig has led the development direction of geological core drilling equipment, and the automatic drilling rig has reached the practical level.
(1) full hydraulic power head drilling rig
Atlas Copco Christensen full hydraulic core drilling rig has formed a complete series. The drilling capacity of CS series full hydraulic drilling rig ranges from 6 10m to 2000m, which has the advantages of long stroke feed, tower-less lifting of drilling tools, stepless speed regulation, high mechanization, complete supporting instruments and high production efficiency. Among them, the shallow hole drilling rig has strong decomposition and light decomposition position, which is suitable for areas that are difficult to enter. Boart Longyear LF70 drilling rig (59mm drilling depth 760m). CT- 17 1 Portable drilling rig can be hoisted by helicopter. The design feature is that the removed parts are less than 25kg and some parts are made of light alloy, so the overall RFM is relatively light. Its design is modular, fully hydraulic, portable and multifunctional, which represents the latest development trend. The new "flying" drilling rig is a real small module assembly, which is suitable for manual or flying relocation in inaccessible areas. For example, Canada's HYDRACORE 4000 drilling rig is also designed with power machine and hydraulic station for assembly. The power of the drilling rig is 200 HP, and the wireline coring drilling technology is the main technology. NQ series drilling depth reaches1067m.
(2) Multifunctional drilling rig
With the wide application of composite drilling technology (diamond coring drilling, air reverse circulation continuous sampling drilling and air DTH hammer one-hole sampling drilling), multifunctional drilling rigs suitable for this composite drilling technology have developed rapidly. CSR series rigs of Canada International Drilling Equipment Company are mainly used for reverse circulation center sampling (CSR) with a hole depth of 300 ~ 1000 m, and are widely used in the exploration of gold, uranium, iron and other geological minerals in the United States and Canada. Sam T-series drilling rigs are used in water wells and coalbed methane wells; RD series drilling rigs of Ingersoll Rand Company are used to drill hydrological wells; The HD-600 drilling rig of American Perennial Company is used for oil and gas, geothermal and mineral exploration. The drilling depth varies from1000m to 3000m. For example, when HD-600 drilling rig uses CHD-76 rope to drill, the drilling depth is 3000m. Universal 5000 deep-hole full hydraulic power head drilling rig of Australian U.D.R Company has a drilling capacity of 1900 m when drilling φ 165mm coreless with 89mm drill pipe. When coring with CHD 10 1 rope, it is 3100m m, equipped with diesel engine power of 4 10Hp, and the lifting capacity reaches 450kN. This kind of drilling rig is large in size and weight, and it is a deep-hole heavy-duty drilling rig.
(3) Automatic and intelligent drilling rig
Canadian JKS· Boyles Company has successfully developed the B series tunnel automatic drilling rig. This series of drilling rigs adopts full hydraulic power head structure, which integrates mechanics, electricity and liquid, and the drilling mode is controlled by computer. Only one operator is needed in the construction site. Drilling parameters are completely monitored by computer; Drilling tool lifting and other operations are also completed automatically. The drilling process can also be continuously monitored and automatically recorded in the ground communication operation room (CCR). The maximum drilling depths of B- 10, B- 15 and B-20 automatic drilling rigs are 340, 600(AQ) and 1550m respectively. HAGBY Company of Sweden has successfully developed ONRAM series 1000/4 CCD and 2000 CCD automatic core drilling rig. 1000/4 CCD drilling rig has a drilling capacity of 750m (BQ drill pipe). The drilling rig can collect and record the 13 parameters during drilling, and control the drilling process in real time according to these parameters.
Atlas Copco successfully developed Diamec series automatic drilling rig, which is a typical high-speed and low-torque drilling rig suitable for diamond drilling. Diamec series rigs are suitable for ground or road construction. They are all hydraulic power heads with organic, electric and hydraulic integrated operating systems. The practical application in mine has obvious advantages such as high drilling efficiency, low drilling cost and simple operation. Diamec264APC drilling rig is equipped with three different feed lengths (0.8, 1.8, 3.3m) to meet different requirements. In recent years, Atlas Copco has successively developed DiamecU4APC, DiamecU6APC and DiamecU8APC automatic drilling rigs. Among them, DiamecU4APC belongs to the second generation automatic drilling rig, which truly realizes the single-person operation of the machine. DiamecU6APC drilling rig further simplifies the structure on the basis of DiamecU4APC, and improves the working ability of electronic system in harsh environment. The drilling depth is1000m. As the representative of the third-generation automatic drilling rig, DiamecU8APC drilling rig has paid more attention to ergonomics in its design, strengthened humanistic care and safety, and its drilling depth is 1500m.
(4) China XY series hydraulic vertical shaft core drilling rig.
During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, hydraulic vertical shaft double-chuck non-stop rod-reversing drilling rig and AC frequency conversion double-chuck geological core drilling rig were successfully developed. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, YDX-3 new generation full hydraulic power head geological core drilling rig was successfully developed. This drilling rig is suitable for various high-efficiency drilling technologies such as diamond rope coring, impact rotation, directional drilling and reverse circulation continuous coring (sampling).
New progress of geological core drilling technology in 2.3.2.2
With the comprehensive recovery of geological work, the workload of core drilling has increased year by year. The drilling technology of small diameter diamond geological core, which is mainly characterized by advanced drilling technologies such as rope coring, hydraulic impact rotation and directional drilling, has once again shown great vitality. At the same time, since the successful implementation of special geological survey, drilling technology has made new development. In particular, the successful completion of the national major scientific project-China Continental Scientific Drilling Project "Scientific Drilling One Well" has greatly promoted the improvement of core drilling technology in China.
1) The structure and performance of hydraulic DTH hammer have been greatly improved, and the "three-in-one" drilling tool has been successfully developed. The YZX 127 hydraulic DTH hammer successfully developed during the Tenth Five-Year Plan adopted a brand-new structure, which greatly improved the energy utilization rate and stability of hydraulic hammer, and its technical achievements won two national invention patents. In the "scientific well drilling" construction, two world records of continuous use of hydraulic hammer footage of 3,485.69 meters and service depth of 5 1 18.2 meters were set. The self-developed hydraulic DTH hammer+screw motor+rope coring "trinity" drilling tool successfully drilled in the hole depth of more than 5000 meters in the main hole of "Kezuan 1 Well" and took out a complete core with a length of 3.5m meters. Practice has proved that the research of this set of drilling tools has achieved initial results.
2) VDS vertical drilling system and fidelity sampling drilling tools are explored. The research of multifunctional microcomputer automatic directional drilling system and technology is based on automatic control and deviation correction. By using mature technologies such as sensors, hydraulics and machinery, a closed-loop vertical drilling system with electromechanical integration is explored, which basically solves various technical problems caused by narrow space and harsh working environment, explores a set of working ideas for the main hardware design of closed-loop control system, accumulates experience for the research of high-tech automatic vertical drilling or automatic directional drilling system in the future, and lays the foundation for serial research.
3) New progress has been made in directional drilling technology and butt well drilling technology. A combination drilling tool suitable for directional drilling is designed, and the screw drilling tool with medium and low rotation speed is improved to adapt to roller bit, diamond bit and composite chip bit. The design control software of directional drilling and horizontal drilling is compiled. The mining method of water-soluble minerals has been changed, and the mining efficiency and the utilization rate of mineral resources have been greatly improved. The completion of two pairs of nearly 3000-meter deep well docking wells has created a new era of docking well technology in China and achieved a major technological breakthrough in brine docking wells.
4) Successfully completed the scientific drilling project "Scientific Well Drilling" in Chinese mainland. In June 5438+February 65438+July 2005, the scientific and technological achievements of "Research and Application of New Drilling Technology System for Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering" were appraised by the Ministry of Land and Resources. This project creatively combines "combined drilling technology", "flexible dual-hole scheme" and "advanced small-hole coring drilling method" to form a scientific drilling technology system with unique characteristics in China. The new drilling technology system is mainly composed of bottom hole power-driven percussive rotary coring drilling technology, hard rock large-diameter long-interval reaming drilling technology, well deviation control technology in highly deviated formation, high-quality LBM-SD mud system, small gap cementing and movable casing application technology, in-hole accident prevention and treatment technology, and drilling data acquisition and processing technology. The successful implementation of "scientific drilling" and its scientific and technological achievements have greatly promoted the improvement of geological core drilling technology in China.
5) The new method of drilling rock fragmentation is still being explored. China Geo University (Wuhan) has established a "hot melt drilling experimental system" and conducted preliminary experiments on loose and gravel formations. The research of China Geo University (Beijing) audio vibration drilling rig and drilling technology is in progress, and the real-time monitoring of drilling trajectory of directional drilling and the research of medium target system have also been started. Experimental data have been obtained from the research of biological unsmooth theory and bionic diamond bit in Jilin University.