Science, technology and scientists
To understand this problem, we must first understand two concepts: science and technology. There is an essential difference between the two. The so-called science is actually similar to Newtonian mechanics, Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. You see, these theories are taught in every high school and university in the world. Even Newton's book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy can be bought in bookstores. So we can say that science has no national boundaries, and it is a collection of the wisdom of all mankind.
As for technology, it is completely different. The most typical examples of science and technology are atomic bombs, chips and satellites. They have specific uses and are often the secrets of a country or an enterprise.
Therefore, science and technology have national boundaries, and the strength of science and technology is often the embodiment of a country's comprehensive national strength. National technologies such as atomic bombs and chips are confidential and will not be published in international magazines. Of course, it does not mean that all technologies will not be published, and some will be published. International practice actually relies on "patents" to protect technology. Einstein was a third-class patentee before he put forward the theory of relativity, and his daily job was to read some scientific and technological patents.
Because some technologies are international secrets, scientists who study this kind of knowledge have become a hot project. For example, there were a large number of outstanding scientists in Germany during World War II, and the Soviet Union and the United States robbed people at the end of the war. Wernher wernher von braun, the father of American rockets, was a German.
Then you may ask, why can't science be published as important technology?
Why do you want to publish a paper?
History tells us that any self-isolation will lead to backwardness. This is especially true of "science". The predecessor of science is natural philosophy, which originated in ancient Greece. Modern science originated from the Renaissance, Galileo and Newton. At that time, scholars gathered as a team, which was the embryonic form of the early Academy of Sciences. At that time, they formed a habit of reading their latest achievements in public, and then their peers judged them.
Controversy about the right of invention
At that time, scholars often argued about the right of invention, and Newton was the most typical example. He argued with Hooke about the invention of gravity, and he and Leibniz also argued about the invention of calculus. That is, during this period, the scientific community gradually realized that whoever published the paper first would get the right of invention. For example, objectively speaking, Newton discovered calculus before Leibniz, but he didn't publish it. Leibniz published it first. Therefore, in the invention of calculus, the two are tied together. If we put this matter in the present, it is very likely that Leibniz will have the exclusive right to invent.
Peer review
In the field of scientific research, there are all kinds of people. However, the development of science is cumulative. To put it bluntly, it is to study on the shoulders of predecessors. If all previous studies are wrong, it is wrong for future generations to study on this basis. Therefore, to ensure the development of science in the right direction, we must ensure its correctness as much as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce an appropriate mechanism: peer review.
To put it bluntly, scholars publish their own papers, and then everyone will find faults and find mistakes as much as possible. As a result, periodicals and magazines came into being, and their duty is to provide a platform for scholars to publish and consult. Nowadays, an important paper, in addition to the editorial comments of the journal, is also provided to international heavyweight scholars in this field, who can help identify whether there is a problem with the paper. Only in this way can science develop in the right direction as much as possible.
Academic exchange
While publishing and reviewing papers, it is actually a process of academic communication, and the development of science depends on communication to a great extent. It is also said that back to Newton, the dispute between Newton and Leibniz about the invention right of calculus made the British mathematical circle and the European mathematical circle no longer communicate. During the period of 100 years, the position of British mathematics circle plummeted, directly giving the position of academic center to France.
Through the above three points, we find that publishing papers is not only to inform others of their academic achievements, but also to help themselves, to ensure that their contributions are recognized by the world, so that they can also understand the most cutting-edge development in their own fields. Therefore, we say that science has no borders and is the crystallization of the wisdom of all mankind. However, we can't forget that the core technology has national boundaries, and it is the embodiment of a country's comprehensive national strength.