The United States began to develop screw drilling tools in the mid-1950s and put them into production in 1962, including Dyna Drill Company, Navi Drill Company and Persian Drill Company. wait. At present, the development of screw drilling tools is mainly represented by the United States, Britain, France, the former Soviet Union and other countries. The development of domestic screw drilling tools started relatively late. From the formation of a certain scale in the mid-to-late 1980s, conventional screw drilling tools have been standardized and serialized. The products of major manufacturers such as Zhongdagang, Beijing, and Dezhou have covered almost all domestic screw drilling tools. most of the market. There is a certain gap with foreign countries in terms of working life, wear resistance of wearing parts, and design and manufacturing of special screws. The number of domestic motors is generally level 4, which cannot fully meet the needs of some special processes such as horizontal wells. Drilling tools for short-radius horizontal well drilling operations are still blank in China. As an articulated motor for short-radius horizontal wells, it is only in the research stage in China. .
Foreign screw drilling tool manufacturers are mainly concentrated in the United States and Canada. Companies engaged in the manufacturing of screw drilling tools in Western countries mainly include: Baker Hughse Company, Telco (USA), DERCO (Canada), ANADRILL (USA), National Oilwell Inc (USA), Nryrfor-Weir Ltd (France, Britain and South Korea joint venture), Simth Company and DANA-DRILL Company, DRILL MOTOR SERVICES Company. In addition, there are many research institutions such as the Soviet VNIIBT, ВНИИВТPerm Branch, and the French Petroleum Institute (IFP). The service life of foreign screw drilling tools is generally more than 200 to 300 hours, mainly represented by American products. The famous brands include Dyna-Drill, Navi-Drill, Power Park, Speey-sun, and д-type drilling tools. Since its introduction in 1991, Anadrill's screw drilling tools have adopted advanced technology and are the best motors available today. The outer diameter of the screw drilling tools is available from 73mm to 287.5mm.
There are more than ten domestic manufacturers of screw drilling tools, including Dagang Oilfield Zhongcheng Company, Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory, Dezhou Petroleum Machinery Factory, Guizhou Gaofeng Machinery Factory, Tianjin Lilin Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd. and Weifang, Shandong, etc., research institutions include China University of Petroleum (East China), China Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Southwest Petroleum University, etc. The service life of domestic screw drilling tools is generally between 100 and 200 hours, and has also become standardized and serialized. Screw drilling tools are available in various specifications from Φ60mm to Φ244mm, equipped with adjustable bending shells (AKO) and replaceable centralizers, which can basically meet various domestic drilling and workover operations.
With the improvement of the technological level of screw drilling tools research and development, and the continuous emergence of new materials and new processes, the pump body technology of screw drilling tools has developed rapidly. The following categories have emerged that can solve special problems and meet the needs of Screw drilling tools for different needs.
1) Long-life screw drilling tools: Dyna-Drill Company has successfully developed a hard-to-hard PDC thrust bearing for F2000 screw drilling tools, which greatly improves the service life of the drive shaft assembly. , the service life can reach 200~300h. In China, due to the short life of the motor and the transmission shaft, the life of screw drilling tools is 100 to 200 hours.
2) Low-speed and high-torque screw drilling tools: The low-speed and high-torque characteristics of this screw drilling tool will work well with the improvements of roller cone drill bits and PDC drill bits, and can effectively extend the service life of the drill bit and increase the number of drill bits. Mechanical drilling speed. It can be realized through a variety of structures, of which there are three typical structures: ① Extended motor, also called multi-stage motor. That is to lengthen the power section to increase the output torque of the motor. The XL series extended motors produced by Baker Hughes Company are used in many countries and regions. ②Series multi-stage motor (DPS-PDM). The power section assembly of the series motor adds a power section, which is connected with a titanium flexible shaft in the middle to increase the torque and power output of the motor.
③Multi-head screw, Canada's DRECO TRGDRILL type screw drilling tool consists of a single-head screw, a planetary gear reducer and a support section, which can achieve low speed and high torque while maintaining high motor efficiency. Highly deviated wells and horizontal wells with hollow rotor motors require large displacement for well cleaning to facilitate sand removal. The rated displacement of solid rotor motors is small, and the rated displacement of hollow rotors can be increased by more than 20%. The Beijing Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute has developed a hollow screw with a flow stabilizing valve. This specially designed flow stabilizing valve improves the problem of serious loss of rotation when ordinary hollow screw drilling tools are overloaded, and improves the overload resistance and stability of the drilling tools. Water power utilization.
3) Screw drilling tools with equal wall thickness: The thickness of the rubber bushing is uneven. When the stator of the screw drilling tool is working, it is easy to cause the stator to fail prematurely, thereby shortening the service life of the screw drilling tool. Through reasonable Changing the shape of the stator shell to make the stator rubber layer thin and uniform can overcome the shortcomings of the stator technology of conventional screw drills, effectively improve the working environment of screw drills, and increase their service life. Compared with conventional screw drilling tools, screw drilling tools with constant wall thickness have a short pump body, low torque, and are easy to clean the well. This type of drilling tool has the following advantages: improved heat dissipation efficiency, rubber swelling, uniform thermal expansion, wider adaptability, more optimized structure, and lighter overall weight.
4) Screw drilling tools for directional drilling systems: The downhole motors used in directional drilling systems mainly include bent-shell screw drilling tools with liners, double-tilt universal screws (DTU), etc. These motors are closely related to drilling while drilling. The measurement system (MWD) and polycrystalline diamond drill bit work together to drill for a long time and collect downhole conditions in real time to ensure that the wellbore is drilled along the designed trajectory to the target layer. The above-ground adjustable bending shell screw drilling tool developed by Anadrill Company has a service life of up to 1000 hours.
5) Directional screw drilling tools used in open/closed loop systems: Downhole adjustable screw drilling tools have appeared abroad. The application of underground adjustable screw drilling tools is divided into two types. One is ground remote control adjustable. Angle type, the other is the underground automatic adjustment system. The AutoTrak rotary closed-loop drilling system successfully developed by Baker Hughes uses guide ribs installed on the downhole motor to cooperate with MWD near the bit to achieve the steering function. When matched with the adjustable bending shell, a screw drilling tool with replaceable centralizers has emerged, making centralization possible. The shape and size of the device can be changed at the wellhead according to drilling needs. At present, there are also centralizers with adjustable size downhole.
6) Screw drilling tools for vertical well drilling: The VertiTrak vertical well drilling device developed by Baker Hughes INTEQ successfully combines high-energy screw drilling tools for vertical wells with near-bit MWD with a vertical inclination angle accurate to 0.1°. At the same time, it has been used in many areas of the world such as the Mediterranean region, Italy, South America and deep water areas of Mexico. PDC drill bits and straight screw drilling technology have also been promoted and applied in our country. This screw drilling tool is specially used for vertical well drilling, while increasing the drilling speed, it can well correct deviations and avoid downhole accidents.
7) Screw drilling tools for coring: Screw drilling tools are specially used for coring operations in geological exploration drilling. Germany has developed a screw drilling tool coring system (KIBM), and my country has also developed a special screw drilling tool for coring very early. Recently, the screw drilling tools produced by Dagang Oilfield Zhongcheng Company have been used in the "three-in-one rope coring, screw motor, and hydraulic hammer" coring technology in Well 1 of Keduan No. 1 in mainland China, and have achieved good results.
8) Air screw drilling tool: Air screw drilling tool is a motor specially designed for air drilling. In foreign countries, Baker Hughes is mainly capable of producing air screw drilling tools. The Drilling Institute of China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute and Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory jointly developed the K7LZ120×7.0 air screw drilling tool prototype in 2002. In July of that year, a simulated drilling test of air screw drilling tools was successfully conducted in Suizhou, Hebei Province. The results showed that the test prototype fully met the design requirements and overcame technical difficulties such as "speeding" and "difficulty starting".
my country's development of screw drilling tools started late, and the application of screw drilling tools is still in its infancy. In recent years, through the introduction of foreign technology, many oil fields and manufacturers are committed to the research of screw drilling tools and have begun field applications and tests.
In order to meet the needs of large-scale industrial applications, it is recommended that later research topics mainly focus on exploring new screw drilling tools, optimizing the structural parameters of screw drilling tools, rationally selecting the interference between bushings and rotors, intelligent control, long life, efficient and smooth operation, Carry out technical research to meet the needs of special wells and expand application areas. After a large amount of literature research, the research work on screw drilling tools can be mainly carried out from the following aspects:
1) Optimization of screw drilling tool structural parameters: mainly research on the performance of screw drilling tool stators at different pressures, rotational speeds, The stress state and deformation law under conditions such as flow rate, as well as the influence of materials on deformation law and service life; the stress state and deformation law of screw drill rotors under different conditions such as pressure, rotation speed, flow rate, and the effect of materials on deformation law , the influence of service life; the stator and rotor have good mechanical properties and better working performance. The quality of structural parameters will affect the pressure and sealing performance of the drilling tool, as well as the working life of the stator bushing.
2) Reasonable interference between the bushing and the rotor: Study the reasonable interference of the stator and rotor when the screw drilling tool operates optimally under different lifts and different drilling fluid viscosities; study the stator and rotor The influence of the temperature field generated by friction on the linear shape and interference of the stator and rotor. According to different rubber materials and different working environment conditions, different fit interference amounts are selected.
3) Expand the application scope of screw drilling tools: It is of great significance to develop screw drilling tools for non-oil and gas wells, such as corrosion-resistant screws for coalbed methane wells and high-temperature resistant screws for geothermal wells. The underground working environment of non-oil and gas wells is even harsher and deserves further research and discussion.
4) Standardization and serialization of screw drilling tools: There are many manufacturers of screw drilling tools at home and abroad. Currently, there is no unified standard for screw drilling tool manufacturing and quality testing. The structure of screw drilling tools of each manufacturer The parameters and working parameters are different, and the interchangeability of the products is quite poor, which makes on-site use and maintenance quite inconvenient, which seriously affects the technological advantages of screw drilling tools. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve standardization and serialization, thereby proposing screw drilling tool manufacturing and quality inspection standards, and providing screw drilling tool stator materials and special material standards and models.