Product quality management
Among the quality characteristics of pressure vessels, safety characteristics are particularly important. Safety and reliability must meet the design requirements, and manufacturing quality must also meet the standards. At present, China implements a licensing system for the design and manufacture of pressure vessels, which is a powerful measure to ensure the quality of vessels. Through the implementation of the system, it is beneficial to strengthen quality management and ensure product quality in the process of container design and manufacturing.
(1) Design process quality management. Quality management in the design process is the starting point of pressure vessel safety management, and it is also the primary link to ensure the safety of other links. Quality management in the design process mainly includes the following two aspects.
① Set reasonable quality objectives. Quality goal is the requirement of product quality characteristics in the design process of each specific product.
Pressure vessel design units should be familiar with the relevant laws, regulations, standards and technical conditions of countries, industries and enterprises when formulating quality objectives, so as to meet the requirements of laws, regulations, standards and technical conditions and be practical. In addition, the technical strength, tooling and equipment, user requirements, quality information, quality objectives and economic benefits of other units should be comprehensively considered.
② Conduct design review and process verification. At each stage of design, relevant personnel with corresponding qualifications should be organized to conduct review, so as to find out the problems existing in the design process in time. After the trial production of the product is completed, the relevant units and personnel shall be organized for strict appraisal, and the new product (or improved product) shall be comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of technology and economy, and the conclusion whether it can be put into production shall be made.
(2) Quality management in manufacturing process. Quality management in the manufacturing process is an important link in the safety management of pressure vessels. Quality management in the manufacturing process mainly includes the following three aspects.
① Manufacturing quality control. Units that manufacture pressure vessels must establish a complete quality management system to ensure that all links from raw materials to products leaving the factory are strictly implemented in accordance with the Regulations on Safety and Technical Supervision of Pressure Vessels and related standards, and that pressure vessels are manufactured and assembled in strict accordance with design drawings.
② Quality inspection. In order to ensure product quality and check whether the processing degree meets the design requirements, inspection must be carried out in time during the whole manufacturing process, and qualified product parts can enter the next process. Quality inspection is an important content of quality management in manufacturing process.
According to different inspection objects and different inspection requirements, the quality inspection methods of products are different. From the process stage, there are pre-inspection, first article inspection, intermediate inspection and final inspection; From the perspective of inspection ratio, there are full inspection and random inspection; As far as inspectors are concerned, there are full-time inspectors and self-inspection and mutual inspection by processing workers. Appropriate inspection methods should be selected according to the importance and inspection requirements of containers.
③ Quality analysis. The quality management department should collect the product quality data and conditions provided by quality control and quality inspection in a timely manner, make systematic arrangement and careful analysis, so as to put forward improvement measures and tap the potential of improving product quality.
Quality assurance of pressure vessel manufacturing
(1) pressure vessel quality assurance system. The quality assurance system of pressure vessel manufacturing should be established according to the principles of target management and system control. Under the guidance of clear quality management policy and quality objectives, the main factors affecting the manufacturing quality of pressure vessels, such as people, machines, materials and laws, will form an organic unity and a complete system, and effective technical, organizational, control and management measures will be taken.
In the quality assurance system of pressure vessel manufacturing, we must first have a sound quality assurance organization system, that is, a quality assurance organization that can independently and effectively engage in product quality control and quality management activities under the leadership of the factory director (manager) and the chief technical officer, including the persons in charge of various quality control systems, links and control points. Quality assurance agencies are responsible for the strict implementation and supervision of quality assurance laws and regulations (including technical regulations, quality assurance manuals and quality control management systems). Effective supervision of the implementation process and results constitutes all quality control and assurance activities of quality assurance institutions.
The quality assurance system of pressure vessel manufacturing should also have a set of perfect quality assurance laws and regulations system, including relevant technical regulations, quality assurance manuals and various quality control management systems.
(2) Quality Assurance Manual. The pressure vessel manufacturing quality assurance manual is a written description of the quality assurance system, a programmatic document of the quality management of the manufacturing unit, and the content and basis for the quality review of the pressure vessels manufactured by enterprises by relevant departments. Enterprises must strictly implement the quality assurance manual in production, operation and quality management.
The quality assurance manual generally includes the following contents:
① Nature, purpose, management policy and quality objectives;
(2) the technical and management regulations followed by manufacturing products;
(3) the establishment principle and system composition of the quality assurance system;
④ Composition of quality assurance control system, division and setting of each link and control point, main control management requirements, etc. , with system diagram, system diagram and control point list;
⑤ The establishment of quality assurance institutions, the qualification requirements of responsible personnel and the scope of responsibilities, with relevant system charts and responsibility charts attached;
⑥ Methods, procedures, implementation and supervision regulations of quality control management system.
The general quality assurance manual should also have a set of corresponding accessories.