Edison invented the electric light, Hua Tuo invented the hemp powder, Darren invented the automatic beacon light regulator, Lawrence invented the cyclotron, Glaser invented the bubble chamber, Watt invented the steam engine, and Cai Lun invented Paper was invented, Zhang Heng invented the seismometer, Bell invented the telephone, and Lu Ban invented the saw.
1. Edison invented the electric light
In 1874, two Canadian electrical technicians applied for an electric light patent: a carbon rod filled with nitrogen under the glass bulb to energize it. However, they did not have the financial resources to continue to perfect the invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875.
After purchasing the patent, Edison tried to improve the filament, and finally created a carbonized bamboo filament lamp in 1880 that could last for 1,200 hours.
However, the U.S. Patent Office ruled that Edison's carbon filament incandescent lamp invention was behind others and the patent was invalid. After years of legal battles, Henry Goebbels won the patent, which Edison eventually purchased from Goebbels' impoverished widow.
In Britain, Swann sued Edison for patent infringement, and they later settled out of court and established a joint company in England in 1883. Swann later sold his shares and patents to Edison.
2. Watt invented the steam engine
In 1764, the British instrument repairman James Watt noticed this shortcoming when he was repairing the Newcomen steam engine model for the University of Glasgow, and in 1765 He invented the steam engine with a condenser separate from the cylinder wall and obtained a British patent in 1769.
The early Watt steam engine still used a balance lever and a tie rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove the condensed water and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air extraction pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and used steam to heat the cylinder wall to reduce condensation losses.
Watt's creative work led to the rapid development of the steam engine. He turned the original machine that could only lift water into a steam engine that could be widely used. He doubled the thermal efficiency of the steam engine and greatly reduced the coal consumption. Therefore Watt was an improver of the steam engine.
3. Cai Lun invented paper?
When he was improving papermaking, Cai Lun was in charge of supervising the manufacture of various utensils used in the palace. He selected tree bark, tattered linen cloth, old fishing nets, etc., asked craftsmen to chop and cut them, and soaked them in a large pool.
After a while, the debris inside rotted away, but the fiber was not easy to rot, so it remained. He then asked the craftsmen to scoop up the soaked raw materials, put them into a stone mortar, and stir them until they became a slurry.
Then use bamboo strips to pick up the sticky stuff. After it dries, it is peeled off and turned into paper. Cai Lun led his craftsmen through repeated experiments to produce paper that was light, flexible, easy to obtain, widely available, and cheap.
In the first year of Yuanxing (AD 105), Cai Lun presented paper to Emperor He of the Han Dynasty. Cai Lun wrote down the method of making paper in a memorial and presented it to the emperor together with the paper. The emperor praised it and ordered it to be used inside and outside the court. After the promotion, all the government offices in the imperial court and all over the country regarded it as a miracle.
Nine years later, Cai Lun was named "Longtinghou" and had 300 households in the city. Since Cai Lun invented the new papermaking method that was gradually implemented throughout the country, people called this paper "Caihou Paper".
4. Zhang Heng invented the seismometer
In the Eastern Han Dynasty when Zhang Heng lived, earthquakes were relatively frequent. According to the Records of the Five Elements in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, in the more than thirty years from the fourth year of Yongyuan of Emperor He (AD 92) to the fourth year of Yanguang of Emperor An (AD 125), twenty-six major revolutions occurred in Japan. earthquake.
Earthquake zones sometimes span dozens of counties, causing landslides, house collapses, and river flooding, causing huge losses. Zhang Heng has a lot of personal experience with earthquakes. In order to grasp the earthquake trends across the country, after years of research, he finally invented the Houfeng seismograph, the world's first seismograph, in the first year of Yangjia (AD 132).
At that time, this instrument was used to successfully predict an earthquake in the western region, which attracted national attention. This is more than 1,700 years earlier than Western countries using instruments to record earthquakes.
5. Bell invented the telephone
Bell himself was an acoustic physiologist and a teacher of deaf and mute languages.
Before him, the German Philip Reis had invented a telephone, but its sound transmission was so poor that it was practically unusable. On March 10, 1876, Bell and his colleagues tested the world's first usable telephone.
In addition, Bell also invented an instrument for measuring hearing, an instrument that can be used to find metals in the human body, and other inventions.
Bell holds the patent for the invention of the telephone, but some people also point out that Antonio Meucci, who immigrated to the United States from Italy, was the inventor of the telephone.