Classification
Electric light
The emergence of electricity has given a leap to human productivity, and the emergence of incandescent lamps has also created a new era of using electricity for lighting. history.
It is generally believed that the incandescent lamp was invented by the American Thomas Edison. In fact, many other people before Edison also made a lot of contributions to the invention of electric lights. In 1801, David, a British chemist, electrified platinum wire to emit light. In 1810, he also invented the electric candle, which used arc lighting between two carbon rods. In 1854, Henry Goebbels used a carbonized bamboo filament and placed it under a vacuum glass bottle to energize it and emit light. His invention today appears to be the first practical incandescent light bulb. The light bulb he tested at that time could last for 400 hours, but he did not apply for a design patent in time.
In 1850, the Englishman Joseph Wilson Swan began to study electric lights. In 1878, he obtained a British patent for a light bulb powered by carbon filaments under vacuum, and began to establish a company in the United Kingdom to install electric lights in homes. In 1874, two Canadian electrical technicians applied for an electric light patent. They filled the glass bubble with helium gas and used an electrified carbon rod to emit light. But they did not have the financial resources to continue developing the invention, so they sold the patent to Edison in 1875. After Edison purchased the patent, he tried to improve the filament he used. In 1879, he changed to using carbon filament to make a light bulb, which successfully lasted for 13 hours. By 1880, after testing 1,600 materials, Edison finally successfully made the world's first incandescent lamp using a filament made of carbon filament, which successfully lasted 1,200 hours in the laboratory. From then on, mankind entered the era of electric lighting.
The development history of electric lighting is rich and colorful and consists of various types of electric lamps. Lighting Home will introduce them to you one by one from front to back.
Incandescent lamp
In 1909, American scientist Colin Curridge invented tungsten filament, which improved the brightness and life of incandescent lamps. A light source that uses electricity to heat the filament in the glass bulb, causing the filament to produce thermal radiation and emit light. The lamp holder is the electrical connection and mechanical connection part of the incandescent lamp. According to the form and use, it can be divided into screw-type lamp holders, focusing lamp holders and special Lamp holder. It is often used for basic residential lighting and decorative lighting. It has the advantages of easy installation, immediate start-up, and low cost. It has a wide operating voltage range, from a few volts provided by the battery to the mains voltage, is cheap and does not require additional circuitry. Its main applications are home lighting and places where dense low operating voltage lights are needed, such as flashlights, console lighting, etc. Only 10% of the input energy is converted into visible light energy, and the typical lifetime ranges from tens to thousands of hours.
Tungsten halogen lamp
The invention of tungsten halogen lamp in 1959 brought the technology of incandescent lamp to a new level and improved the life of incandescent lamp. It is the same as the halogen-free incandescent lamp with the same rated power. Compared with halogen lamps, tungsten halogen lamps are much smaller and allow for the filling of heavier gases at high pressure (more expensive). These changes can extend the life or improve the light efficiency. Similarly, tungsten halogen lamps can also be directly connected to the power supply without the need for a control circuit. The service life of ordinary incandescent lamps is 1,000 hours, while the service life of tungsten halogen lamps is half that time, and the luminous efficiency is increased by 30. Tungsten halogen lamps are widely used in automotive lighting, projection systems, special spotlights, low-cost flood lighting, stage and studio lighting, and other applications that require compactness, convenience, and good performance over non-halogen incandescent lamps.
Fluorescent lamps
Fluorescent lamps appeared in the 1940s, which use the principle of gas discharge to generate light energy. Since the light emitted is mainly ultraviolet and less infrared radiation, the luminous efficiency is higher than that of incandescent lamps. This kind of lamp replaces incandescent lamps, saving 75% of energy and increasing its lifespan by 8 to 10 times. The fluorescent lamps commonly used by people now mainly include fluorescent lamps, high-lumen single-ended fluorescent lamps, and energy-saving lamps (compact fluorescent lamps). They have been widely used and dominate commercial and industrial lighting. It is often used in general public buildings such as offices, shopping malls, and main residences. It has many light colors to choose from, can achieve high illumination, and is economical. It also emits lots of beautiful colored light.
This is determined by the properties of the chemicals contained in the phosphor. For example, those coated with magnesium tungstate emit blue-white light, and those coated with cadmium borate emit light red. Through design innovations, the development of phosphors, and the application of electronic control circuits, the performance of fluorescent lamps continues to improve.
Low-pressure sodium lamp
The emergence of steam lamps is caused by the vapor of various elements sealed in a glass tube that is passed through an electric current to emit light. Steam lamps include mercury vapor lamps and sodium vapor lamps. It has the highest light efficiency, but it only radiates monochromatic yellow light. It is impossible to distinguish various colors under this kind of lighting. The main applications are: road lighting, security lighting and outdoor applications in similar situations. Its light efficiency is 2 times that of fluorescent lamps and 10 times that of tungsten halogen lamps. Compared with fluorescent lamps, low-pressure sodium lamp discharge tubes are long tubular, usually bent into a "U" shape. The discharge tube is placed in a evacuated laminated outer glass envelope. The laminated outer glass envelope is coated with an infrared reflective layer to To achieve the purpose of energy saving and maximum light efficiency.
High-intensity gas discharge lamps
(HID)
These lamps are high-pressure discharge lamps, characterized by short, high-brightness arcs Discharge tube, usually there is a certain shape of glass or quartz shell outside the discharge tube. The shell is transparent or frosted, or coated with a layer of phosphor to increase red radiation. Divided into high-pressure mercury lamps (HPMV), high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), and metal halide lamps (M-H)
Induction lamps
Electrodeless gas discharge lamps that have just appeared. The required energy is coupled into the discharge through the high-frequency field, and the secondary coil of the transformer can produce an effective discharge. In terms of form, induction lamps are another form of compact fluorescent lamps, but the high-voltage part may be different. This kind of lamp is not limited to long tube shapes (such as fluorescent tubes), but can also emit light instantaneously. The operating frequency is in the range of several megahertz and requires special electronic circuitry to drive and control lamp ignition.
Edit this section Modern lamp types
Lighting lamps
Electric lamps, fluorescent lamps, oil lamps, kerosene lamps, copper lamps, iron lamps, horse lanterns, wall lamps, street lamps, Table lamps, etc...
Decorative lights
Neon lights, lanterns, lanterns, revolving lanterns, cartoon lanterns, palace lanterns, etc...
Warning lights
Navigation lights, traffic lights, police lights, etc...
Special function lights
Shadowless lights, searchlights, follow-spot lights, etc...
Home Furnishing Lighting
Table lamps, chandeliers, floor lamps, ceiling lamps, wall lamps, sheepskin lamps, crystal lamps, etc...