Patents are divided into design patents, utility model patents and invention patents
The specific application is different from the above picture, so you can have a look.
Some improvements in tools, some new discoveries in medical technology and so on.
Recently, Zhang Tongcun and Gu are professors at the School of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology. Their invention of "the construction and application of a chimeric antigen receptor for treating HIV infection" is the first invention patent in the world for "treating AIDS with CAR-T immune cells". (For your reference)