the process standard is applicable to the decorative works of marble, polished granite, precast terrazzo and other decorative panels for indoor and outdoor walls, cylinders and door and window covers of civil and public buildings.
construction preparation:
2.1 material requirements:
2.1.1 cement: No.325 ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate or a retest sheet. If it leaves the factory for more than three months, it should be used according to the test results.
2.1.2 white cement: No.325 white cement.
2.1.3 sand: coarse sand or medium sand, which shall be sieved before use.
2.1.4 marble, polished granite, prefabricated terrazzo, etc.: the materials shall be prepared according to the specifications and colors required by the design and drawings. However, the surface shall not have defects such as hidden injury and weathering. It is not advisable to pack with materials that are easy to fade.
2.1.5 other materials: such as plaster of Paris, copper wire or galvanized lead wire, lead skin, hard plastic strip, supporting pendants (galvanized or stainless steel connectors, etc.); It should also be equipped with a proper amount of various stone slag and mineral pigments close to marble or polished granite and prefabricated terrazzo; 17 glue and special plastic hose for filling the gap of veneer.
2.2 main machines and tools:
2.2.1 weighing scale, iron plate, half vat, small bucket, iron dustpan, flat shovel, trolley, plastic hose, rubber bowl, watering can, alloy steel flat chisel, alloy steel drill (φ5, Drilling), operating bracket, bench drill, iron level, square ruler, guide board, bottom ruler (3 ~ 5 mm× 4 mm× 1 ~ 15 mm), thread supporting board, thread pendant, chalk line bag, high stool, wooden wedge, small table grinding wheel, grinding wheel for cutting marble, complete cutting machine and operation.
2.3 working conditions:
2.3.1 handle the structural acceptance. A few jobs (water, electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.) should be done in front, and the water and power needed for processing decorative panels should be prepared.
2.3.2 play the 5cm horizontal line on the inner wall (play the plus or minus on the outdoor wall and the horizontal elevation control line on each floor).
2.3.3 scaffolding hanging basket should be set up in advance, and double-row shelves should be selected (hanging basket should be used for outdoor high-rise buildings, and bridge shelves can be used for multi-floors, etc.), and its horizontal and vertical rods and tie rods should be 15 ~ 2 mm away from doors and windows. The shelf height should meet the construction requirements.
2.3.4 door frames and window frames with door and window covers must be erected (the position is accurate, vertical and firm, and the size is sufficient when installing marble). At the same time, use 1: 3 cement mortar to seal the gap. The caulking materials used for the edge joints of aluminum alloy door and window frames should meet the design requirements, and the plugs should be dense and the protective film should be pasted in advance.
2.3.5 Marble, polished granite or precast terrazzo should be stacked indoors after entering the site, with square wood under it, quantity and specification checked, and pre-paved, flowered and numbered, etc., so as to be used according to the number when formally paving.
2.3.6 before large-scale construction, the construction details should be released and made as samples. After being appraised by the quality inspection department, it must be approved by the designer, Party A and the construction unit. Before organizing the team to construct according to the requirements of the model.
2.3.7 The stone entering the site shall be checked and accepted, and it shall be selected when the color is uneven, and it shall be tried and selected when necessary.
operation process:
3.1 process flow:
3.1.1 process flow of thin small-sized block (side length less than 4mm):
base treatment → hanging vertically, setting square, finding rules, Plastering the ash cake → plastering the bottom mortar → elastic line analysis →
arranging the blocks → dipping the blocks → sticking the blocks → pointing and wiping the joints on the surface
3.1.2 Technological process of large-size blocks (with the side length longer than 4mm):
Construction preparation (drilling and grooving → fixing the blocks with copper wires or galvanized wires → binding and fixing the steel mesh. Polished granite or precast terrazzo → layered grouting → seam wiping
3.2 Thin small-size block (generally less than 1mm thick): the side length is less than 4mm, and the pasting method can be adopted.
3.2.1 carry out basic treatment, vertical hanging, square setting, and find rules. For others, please refer to the relevant parts of the construction points of tiling. Attention should be paid to the fact that there must be no more than one row of non-whole bricks on the same wall, and they should be set in a hidden place.
3.2.2 When the base is wet, brush one coat of 17 glue slurry (17 glue mixed with 1% water by weight) first, and then make the base coat with the brush; The bottom ash is made of 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of about 12 mm. The operation is divided into two times, the first time is about 5mm, and the second time is about 7 mm. After the bottom ash is compacted and leveled, the surface of the bottom ash is scratched.
3.3 large-size block: when the side length is more than 4mm and the height of inlay is more than 1m, the installation method can be adopted.
Such as marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite, the number of holes can be increased when the width of the plate is large. After drilling, the hole wall on the back of the slate is gently carved with a diamond chisel, about 5mm deep, and together with the hole suit, it forms an elephant trunk eye for burying copper wires.
if the specifications of the decorative panel are large, especially for the prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite panels, and it is difficult to control and bind galvanized lead wire or copper wire at the lower end, you can also use a portable small thin grinding wheel (4 ~ 5 mm) on the side without the decorative panel, and open a groove on the upper and lower sides of the 1/4 height of the panel according to the regulations (the groove is about 3 ~ 4～5mm long and 12mm deep, which is connected with the back of the decorative panel, and vertical. This method can also be done directly in the setting site.
3.3.2 threading steel wire or galvanized lead wire: cut the prepared copper wire or galvanized lead wire to a length of about 2cm, mold the copper wire or galvanized lead wire into the hole with a wooden wedge and fix it firmly at one end, and bend the copper wire or galvanized lead wire along the hole groove and lie in the groove at the other end, so that there is no copper wire or galvanized lead wire protruding from the upper and lower end faces of marble or prefabricated terrazzo and polished patterned slate, so that it can be tightly jointed with adjacent slate.
3.3.3 Binding steel mesh: firstly, remove the embedded bars on the wall, and clean the parts of the wall with marble or prefabricated terrazzo. Tie a vertical φ6 steel bar first, and bend the tied vertical bar on the wall with embedded bars. Transverse reinforcement is used for binding marble or precast terrazzo and polishing granite plates. For example, when the plate height is 6cm, the first transverse reinforcement is tied with the main reinforcement at 1cm above the ground, which is used to tie the copper wire or galvanized aluminum wire at the lower mouth of the first plate. The second transverse bar is tied to the 5cm horizontal line 7 ~ 8 cm, which is 2 ~ 3 cm lower than the top of the slate. It is used to tie the copper wire or galvanized lead wire at the top of the first slate, and then tie a transverse bar every 6cm.
3.3.4 elastic line: firstly, the marble or precast terrazzo, polished granite walls, cylinders, doors and windows shall be hung with large lines from top to bottom to find out the verticality (the high-rise buildings shall be vertical with theodolite). The thickness of marble or precast terrazzo, polished granite plate, the gap of grouting mortar and the size of steel mesh should be considered. Generally, the thickness of marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite skin from the structural surface should be 5 ~ 7 cm. Find out the vertical, along the wall on the ground pop-up marble or precast terrazzo slab contour dimension line (cylinder and door window cover). This line is the installation baseline of the first layer of marble or precast terrazzo. Make up the numbered marble or precast terrazzo slab, etc. and draw the line on the played datum line, leaving a gap of 1mm for each piece (if the seam is opened according to the design requirements, leave a gap according to the design regulations).
3.3.5 installation of marble or prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite: take the slate according to the position, straighten the copper wire or galvanized lead wire, put the slate in place, put the upper mouth of the slate outward, put your right hand into the back of the slate, and tie the copper wire or galvanized lead wire at the lower mouth of the slate on the cross bar. When binding, don't be too tight to leave a margin, just bolt the copper wire or galvanized lead wire and the transverse reinforcement (it will be anchored after grouting), erect the slate, and then tie the marble or prefabricated terrazzo, polish the copper wire or galvanized lead wire on the granite plate, and use a wooden wedge to stabilize it. The gap between the block and the base (i.e. grouting thickness) is generally 3 ~ 5 mm.. Check and adjust the wedge with the ruler board, and then fasten the copper wire or galvanized lead wire, and proceed to the other side in turn. Cylinders can be installed clockwise, generally starting from the front. After the installation of the first floor, use the guide board to find the verticality, the spirit level to find the flatness, and the square ruler to find the square angle of yin and yang. When installing the slate, if the specifications of the gray slate are inaccurate or the gaps between the slates are inconsistent, the lead leather pad should be used to make the gaps between the slates uniform and consistent, and keep the first floor slate flowing straight. After finding the vertical, flat and square shape, use a bowl to prepare plaster of Paris, and paste the plaster in the form of porridge on the marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite slab, so that the two-layer slate can be integrated, and the wooden wedge can also be pasted with plaster, and then use the ruler plate to check whether there is any deformation, and grouting can only be carried out after the plaster hardens (if a plastic hose with caulking is designed, it should be plugged before grouting).
3.3.6 grouting: put the cement mortar with the mixing ratio of 1: 2.5 into a half vat and add water to make it porridge (the consistency is generally 8-12 cm), then pour the slurry slowly with an iron dustpan, taking care not to touch the marble or precast terrazzo board, and tap the slate surface with a rubber hammer while pouring to exhaust the injected mortar. The watering height of the first layer is 15cm, which cannot exceed 1/3 of the slab height; Grouting in the first layer is very important, because it is necessary to anchor the lower copper wire of the slate and fix the slate, so it should be handled gently to prevent collision and fierce irrigation. If the slate moves out of place, it should be dismantled and reinstalled immediately.
after the first injection of 15cm, stop for l ~ 2h, and wait for the initial setting of mortar. At this time, check whether there is movement, and then carry out the second grouting. The grouting height is generally 2 ~ 3cm, and then continue grouting after the initial setting. The third layer is grouted until it is 5 ~ 1 cm below the upper opening of the plate.
3.3.7 joint wiping: after all the slates are installed, remove all traces of gypsum and residual slurry, scrub them with linen cloth, and caulk them with color paste according to the color of the slates, and wipe them clean while embedding them, so that the gaps are dense, uniform, clean and consistent in color.
3.4 when installing outdoor marble or prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite in summer, reliable measures should be taken to prevent sun exposure.
3.5 Winter construction:
3.5.1 Thermal insulation measures should be taken for joint filling mortar, and the temperature of mortar should not be lower than 5℃.
3.5.2 pouring mortar shall not be frozen at the initial stage of hardening. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the outdoor pouring mortar can be mixed with additives that can reduce the freezing temperature, and its dosage should be determined by experiments.
3.5.3 the wall built by freezing method can not be constructed until it is thawed.
3.5.4 in winter construction, the veneered panels should be heated, or hot air or stove with chimney can be used to accelerate drying. When hot air is used, ventilation equipment should be set up to eliminate moisture. And designated persons for temperature control and management, heat preservation and maintenance for 7 ~ 9 days.
quality standard:
4.1 guarantee items:
4.1.1 varieties, specifications, colors and patterns of decorative panels (marble, precast terrazzo and polished granite) must meet the design requirements and the provisions of relevant standards.
4.1.2 The installation (sticking) of the veneer must be firm, and it is forbidden to be empty, without skew, missing corners and cracks.
4.2 basic items:
4.2.1 surface: smooth, clean and consistent in color.
4.2.2 joint: the filling is compact, straight, uniform in width and color, the pressing direction of the board at the corner of yin and yang is correct, and the use part of the whole board is suitable.
4.2.3 sleeve cutting: the whole plate is used for sleeve cutting and the edges are neat; Dado, stick face, etc. flow smoothly, and the thickness of protruding wall is consistent.
4.2.4 wave direction and drip line: the slope direction of flowing water is correct; Drip line is straight.
4.3 allowable deviation items of marble, polished granite and precast terrazzo; See Table 9-3;
allowable deviation table of marble, polished granite and precast terrazzo veneer installation 9-3
allowable deviation (mm)
marble, polished granite precast terrazzo
indoor 2 2 2
outdoor 3 3
2 surface leveling 1 2 Check with 2m ruler and wedge feeler
3 external angle square 2 2. M square ruler and wedge feeler check
4. Seam is straight, 2/3. Pull 5m string, less than 5m. Pull 5m string and ruler check
5. Wall skirt is straight, 2/5. Pull 5m string and ruler check
6. Seam height is .3 .5. Check with steel plate short ruler and wedge feeler
7. Seam width deviation is .5. Pull 5m string and ruler check
Finished product protection. At the same time, it is necessary to clean up the mortar remaining in the door and window frames and fans in time. Especially aluminum alloy door and window frames and fans, the protective film should be pasted in advance to prevent pollution.
5.2 after marble, polished granite and precast terrazzo slabs are pasted on the wall surface, stickers or plastic films should be pasted in time to protect the wall surface from pollution.
5.3 the bonding layer of the decorative panel shall be protected from air drying, insolation, water flushing, impact and vibration before setting.
5.4 be careful not to collide with the wall when removing the shelf.
Quality problems that should be paid attention to:
6.1 Uneven joints and excessive height difference: mainly due to poor handling at the grass-roots level, lack of strict selection of plate quality, careless trial assembly before installation, improper construction operation, excessive grouting by stages, etc., it is easy to cause the slab to move out or the board surface to move, resulting in uneven joints and excessive height difference.
6.2 empty drum: it is mainly caused by insufficient and dense grouting. If the grouting consistency is large, the mortar can't flow or the place is empty because of the obstruction of steel mesh; Such as mortar is too thin, on the one hand, it is easy to cause slurry leakage, or by