Qitaihe Coal City was established as a city and prospered through industry. As the coal production base of Heilongjiang Province, it is a resource-based city. There have been nearly 50 years of development and construction from 1958 to the present. Due to the long-term focus on the development of a single coal resource-based industry, with many years of continuous large-scale mining, making a contribution to the country, while at the same time declining coal resources, economic structure A series of deep-seated contradictions and problems such as imbalance, workers' living difficulties, increasing employment pressure, and serious ecological damage have gradually been exposed. If Qitaihe coal resources can maintain economic development, then in the next few decades, coal resources will be exhausted one day. Then, relying on Qitaihe City to achieve sustainable development is a historic step ahead. The major problem is in Qitai River.
In order to get rid of the heavy dependence on a single economic impact, Qitaihe has made positive changes in its thinking and developed the resources and industrial structure of coal circular economy with low mining, high utilization and low emissions. , the idea of ??a new industrialization path with "high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and full use of human resource advantages"? Sustainable urban development. We believe that Qitaihe should seize the opportunities of the old industrial base, work hard, and focus on four aspects of work: first, increase the reform of state-owned enterprises, improve the ownership form of enterprises and adjust the industrial structure; private individual economy development and invigorate the coal city industry; third, strive to convert coal on-site, do a good job in deep processing and finishing of coal, and increase added value; fourth, strive to develop electric power, chemical industry, building materials, machinery, food, medicine and other non-coal Economy, changing the single industrial structure, Qitaihe gradually established an extensive comprehensive industrial city with comprehensive development.
Industrial structure, development of a single economy is stagnant
Qitaihe City Coal Student, an emerging coal industry city that thrives on coal, rich in coking coal, the country's three main coking coal production base. For a long time, like other resource-based cities, under the planned economic system, the main function of Qitaihe's cheap energy was to export the state, accelerate the process of industrial accumulation for the country, implement "fast-flowing water" resource development, and industrial development It is "outstanding". Now, after nearly 50 years of ultra-intensive mining, coal resources have been increasingly reduced and have now entered a period of depletion. As we all know, resources are the lifeline of enterprises. The development of resource-based cities requires resources and support and supply. The development of resource-based cities will fall into the predicament of economic recession.
With the reduction of coal resources, the structural contradictions in Qitaihe have become more prominent. First, the contradictions in the industrial structure are prominent. The formation and development of Qitaihe closely focused on the development and utilization of coal resources, thus forming a single industrial structure. The enterprises are large and comprehensive, self-contained, self-enclosed, and have a single state-owned structure, forming a city whose overall economy is highly dependent on resources. The adjustment of the coal-based industrial economic structure is slow, difficult and lagging. The proportion of coal economy is too large, while the proportion of non-coal economy and high-tech industries is small. With the rapid development of "one big, one small" urban economy, the economic structure is gradually drifting away.
The proportion of state-owned economy is high. We all know that most resource-based cities were built in the early years and during the "First Five-Year Plan" period. At that time, China was a planned economy, and state-owned enterprises were the most important form of microeconomics. Together with the extraction of resources, they were organized by the state. Compared with other cities, resources The proportion of state-owned economy in large cities is obviously too high, which seriously affects the marketization process. Qitai River situation. At present, although the state-owned enterprises in Qitaihe have adopted a series of reforms, the ownership structure of some state-owned coal enterprises has not undergone fundamental changes. The reform of the property rights system has not touched the real sense, and the state-owned shares are still relatively high; business management, operation Mechanism and the proportion of planned economy still have a relatively deep imprint. We suggest that Qitaihe, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, carry out thorough reform of state-owned enterprises through mechanism transformation, system innovation, asset restructuring, resource integration, joint ventures, and promote institutional innovation and mechanism innovation of state-owned enterprises to achieve diversified property rights investment entities. , diversified forms of public ownership, and established and improved corporate governance structures.
In the deep processing of raw materials industry, the end is not enough to sell resources. The transformation of the resource-based business model and development model is still plaguing the economic development of Qitaihe. At the same time, the heavy burden of lack of funds for transformation, debts for their social, production, safety, living and other infrastructure construction, and poor foundation are also key issues that Qitaihe must face to implement economic transformation.
In addition, due to the obvious shrinking trend of urban development dominated by the coal industry and the single economic structure, Qitaihe is also facing problems such as more laid-off workers, which places a heavy burden on workers' livelihoods and enterprises.
Resources are non-renewable. Economic development in resource-based cities will inevitably lead to an increase in poverty reduction and development, and sooner or later the road must be transformed. Early transition means early and active transition to late stage, and automatic return. When visiting a doctor for a terminal illness the pain should be close to never being released. This has become common knowledge. For Qitaihe, whether it relies on coal resources or "good life" for decades as the top priority, transformation is imminent. With relatively abundant financial resources and a relatively favorable external environment, it is the wisest choice to be prepared for danger in times of peace, take precautions, and adopt the path of sustainable development of resource-based cities. Based on the actual situation in Qitaihe City, we recommend that the local government develop a diversified industrial transformation strategy to control the leading resources in the raw coal industry, gradually get rid of over-reliance on coal resources, vigorously develop successor industries and alternative industries, and cultivate some energy to promote the party. A new economic pillar industry, and gradually realize the transformation from ground-to-ground resource industry to non-resource industry, from primary processing to deep finishing predatory mining and protective mining.
There are two ways to implement the approach centered around the development of resource-based cities: the development of continuation industries and alternative industries. Our research shows that alternative industries and the development of alternative industries have their own advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage of developing alternative industries is that it can give full play to its resource advantages, is conducive to the specialization of production and economies of scale, is conducive to the recycling of resources, improves the added value of the industry, and is also conducive to the role of the economy. Therefore, the difficulty of industrial transformation . Its main disadvantage is that it still relies on resources and ecological damage to a certain extent. The main advantage of developing alternative industries is that it helps to get rid of dependence on resources, cultivate new economic growth points, transform a single resource-based city into a comprehensive city, and achieve sustainable development. Its main disadvantages are market, capital, technology, human resources, infrastructure, policy and regional cultural factors.
It needs to be pointed out that the transformation of these two resource-based cities, the development of continuing industries and the development of alternative industries are complementary to each other. The current consensus regarding the choice of transformation path is a matching combination of the two. Under normal circumstances, resource-based cities should first vigorously develop alternative industries, extend the industrial chain, make full use of existing resource advantages, make resource industries bigger and stronger, do more sophisticated and deep processing, expand trade, increase the added value of products and resource conversion ability. This will not only provide relatively sufficient time and money to adjust and diversify the development of alternative industries, but can also reduce employment pressure and enhance the potential for further development of alternative industries.
Extending industrial chain resources, new solutions
Cities that mine coal resources from the Qitai River upstream, although we all know that they will eventually be exhausted, but if you want to completely get rid of It is not easy and unrealistic to go out on a development path in a short period of time and resources. In the absence of strong financial support, relying on coal resources and vigorously developing alternative industries is the most realistic choice for Qitaihe City. We believe that Qitaihe should consider local resource advantages, deep processing, development of related industries and other advantages to extend the industrial chain of coal, convert coke coal into electricity, turn hair into oil, and make coal articles more refined and bigger. , doing a good job, forming the integration of coal, electricity, coke, petrochemicals, and coal chemical industry chains, thus increasing the added value of coal products and improving economic benefits. The coal industry has relatively ample time and time for industrial structural adjustment and diversification. money.
Facing the actual situation of a single industrial structure, gradual reduction of resources, and lack of promotion of economic development, Qitaihe City transformed its economic growth model, accelerated industrial upgrading and technological revolution, and traditionally relied on coal resource consumption. The economy that linearly grows into a development cycle relies on ecological economic development ideas of resources. People often say that thinking determines the way out. Qitaihe, while actively developing the leadership of the coal industry, strives to extend the industrial chain, adheres to the focus of raw coal washing and clean coal practice, and actively develops coal chemical industry, coal power, and coal coke to promote the integration of coal, power, coke, and oil. . With coal oil, fly ash brick flying, coal production methanol, and a large number of coal conversion projects put into operation, the city's annual industrial output value has increased five times more than before. In the first four months of this year, the city's annual industrial output value has increased more than five times. - Caliber fiscal revenue increased by 136.2% year-on-year, and Qihe's economy is on the road to recovery.
We learned during the research process that Qitaihe has obvious comparative advantages in developing alternative industries and relying on raw coal. First of all, early start and investment provide the material basis for extending the coal industry chain. Our data shows that since 1979, Qitaihe City has built 14 coal washing plants, with coal washing capacity accounting for 73% of raw coal production, much higher than the national average of 26%. From 2001 to 2004, the city's investment in coking projects reached 20 billion yuan, with existing 800,000 tons, Yidaxin, Baotailong 600,000 tons, Longpeng 600,000 tons, and Longyang Road 960,000 tons. A large number of large-scale coal chemical enterprises are on the rise. By the end of 2004, the city's coke production capacity had reached 360 million tons. With the development of the coke industry, coal, electric power, coal chemical industry, coal, building materials and other industries have also developed. Industry analysts believe that Qitaihe, the thinnest coal seam in the coal industry, has always maintained the best economic benefits of the four major coal cities in Heilongjiang Province despite unfavorable conditions. The most fundamental reason is due to coal processing, transformation and utilization. The two non-public economies have developed rapidly. A large number of private enterprises have completed primitive accumulation and begun to enter the expansion stage. They have high enthusiasm for development and strong investment capabilities. The third is the unique advantage of the main coking coal in the northeastern region of Qitaihe. It is one of the rare coal fields in the three countries that implement protective mining and is most suitable for the development of the coal chemical industry. Fourth, the comprehensive economic strength has increased rapidly in recent years. Qitaihe's financial situation has allocated a certain amount of funds to guide the development of alternative industries every year.
Relying on these four aspects of comparative advantages, the main development goal of Qitaihe City during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is to develop from a single coal base to high-quality coking coal to four bases of high-quality Coke, power and coal chemical transformation. By 2010, the annual output of raw coal has stabilized at 250,000 tons, and the capacity to wash 23 million tons of raw coal can be washed. The output of washed raw coal will reach 5 million tons of coke, the power generation capacity will increase to 2,280,000 kilowatts, and the deep processing capacity of coal tar will exceed 300,000 tons. The gas produced exceeds 300,000 tons of methanol, and the added value of coal circular economy reaches 100 billion yuan. In accordance with the development plan and goals of the construction project, Qitaihe City will vigorously develop alternative industries this year, focusing on the following aspects. First, the construction of some power projects. The second phase expansion project of Datang Qitaihe Power Generation Company includes a new 600MW unit to expand two coal gangue power plant cogeneration projects; two new coal washing and coal water slurry fuel emerging areas and a Boli heating cogeneration project with an installed capacity of 20 Two green gas-fired power stations with 10,000 kilowatts. Second, a number of coal chemical projects have been built. It includes two new gas-to-methanol projects with a total annual output of 320,000 tons, a coal tar deep processing project of 100,000 tons, and the transformation of a coal tar deep processing project, with a total annual output of 200,000 tons. Third, a number of coal-based building materials projects have been constructed. Including two unburned coal gangue hollow bricks, fly ash block and fly ash cement projects, the total scale will reach 30 billion standard bricks. Fourth, a number of coking projects have been constructed. Two coking project continuation projects, with new coke production capacity of 1.5 million tons. In order to achieve these goals, Qitaihe has made greater efforts to improve the investment environment, creating "Heilongjiang Province's policies, best services, best environment, and the surrounding basin as targets, attracting a large amount of private capital investment," And set up factories. The entry of private capital, large-scale projects in new alternative industries, and the extension of the coal industry chain.
We learned during the research that the coal recovery rate is 50-60%. After all, there is a considerable amount of coal left underground. The current technological level aims to utilize this part of the resource in new ways to save investment and improve performance, according to a joint study by Shandong Xinwen Mining Group and China Coal Mine Science. And technicians have a technology that allows underground coal to burn combustible gas and then transports it to industrial and mining enterprises through pipelines. This new technology saves investment by 78% to 62% compared with traditional coal mining technology, saves costs and improves performance. Times, the value of a ton of coal can be increased by more than 10 times. Underground coal gasification ash remains underground to avoid the pollution, waste water, and waste caused by traditional coal mining and surface gasification waste gas, and also greatly reduces the ground level. Coal mining caused by subsidence.
We suggest that Qitaihe Brain in this regard
It is necessary to point out that Qitaihe City should vigorously develop alternative industries to change their way of thinking and establish five new understandings: First, we must further liberate ideas, new ideas, establish a strong sense of reform and openness, and tap into its own development advantages; the second is to eradicate the thinking of the conservative planned economy and promote a strong sense of the market economy; the third is to overcome the idea of ????"dependence" and Da, and establish a strong Awareness of self-development; fourth, comprehensive planning, overall advancement, strict implementation, overcoming short-sightedness, and establishing long-term development awareness; fifth, we must cultivate a sense of quality and efficiency, establish a modern enterprise system, and comprehensively improve economic benefits. At the same time, government departments should formulate Practical policies should actively guide coal enterprises to optimize products and the internal structure of the industry. For weak and small-scale coal mining enterprises, we should adopt measures to curb predatory mining behaviors. Enterprises that have already carried out these strong, diversified operations should be encouraged. Support enterprises to extend their product development chain and begin to improve their high-end product development capabilities.
The implementation of multi-wheel drive adjustment in various industries
The proportion of coal is Qitaihe position, 80% of the city's industrial added value, and 70% of fiscal revenue comes from the coal industry 60% of non-agricultural employment opportunities, to a large extent, the local financial situation and the city's economic development are all bets on a single coal industry. Market fluctuations in the coal industry will inevitably lead to the "cold" of the city's economy. Qitaihe fully understands this. Behind the lag of non-coal industries in Qitaihe, judging from the current situation, it has a serious impact on the city's economic development and social progress. We must speed up the strategic adjustment and transformation of the economic structure and upgrade traditional industries, develop high-tech industries, and realize the transformation from Transform the single coal industry structure into a diversified industrial structure, cultivate and vigorously develop alternative industries, coordinate the healthy development of the coal industry and the comparative advantages of key economic transformation, the basis for development, the number of economic non-coal projects from industrial development and market prospects , the proportion of coal and non-coal is adjusted to a reasonable level, urban transformation, and economic transition.
Leveraging the advantages of coal resources and accelerating the transformation of the coal industry, Qitaihe’s idea is to consider the development of non-coal industries? The implementation of the 999 development strategy is to build three major bases and strengthen nine major industrial clusters. The "three bases" are to build high-quality coking coal base, high-quality coke base, Beiyang planting base, nine industrial clusters including electric power industry cluster, wood products industry cluster, new building materials industry cluster, coal chemical industry cluster, and machinery manufacturing industry. Cluster, food processing industry cluster, steel and foundry industry cluster, tourism industry cluster and education and cultural industry cluster. Qitaihe began to change the status of coal in the water tank industry and gradually developed and expanded, vigorously developing alternative industries to comprehensively develop the petrochemical industry, machinery, building materials, medicine, agricultural products and wood products processing industries, upgrading cities and industries, and promoting the all-round development of people and industries simultaneously. . , eggs are put in one basket, development ideas are shared, and market risks are reduced.
In the field of wood products, an industrial cluster led by Shuangye Furniture has been formed. Last year, Shuangye achieved a sales revenue of 120 million yuan and paid more than 10 million yuan in taxes. There are more than 30 upstream product processing companies around Shuangye furniture, employing more than 10,000 people. Most of these companies import raw materials from Russia, and then manufacture them to Futye. The company's products are sold abroad to achieve the purpose of "both ends are outside". In addition, the power industry cluster, new building materials industry cluster, coal chemical industry, machinery manufacturing industry cluster, food processing industry cluster, steel and casting industry cluster have gradually developed and expanded. , significant progress has been made in adjusting the ratio of coal and non-coal industries, according to the ratio of Qitaihe coal and non-coal industries from 52:48 to 74:26 in 1992 to 2001. According to the plan, by 2010, the ratio of coal and non-coal industries will be adjusted to 30:70. In the next few decades, resource substitution industries will be formed. The Qitaihe coal mining industry will drop to 20% of the total industry. The coal fuel power industry and the coal chemical industry using coal as raw materials will account for 30% of the total industry. Food processing, lumber Processing, building materials processing, mechanical processing and pharmaceutical processing will become the leading industries, accounting for more than 50% of the total industrial output value. The eastern part of Qitaihe City, Heilongjiang Province will truly become a light industrial product distribution center and a comprehensive industrial city.
Research shows that resource-based cities have weak economies, no strong supervision, and the ability of industrial layout to attract industries to settle. Therefore, in the process of transformation, creating a favorable investment environment for development is particularly important to most industry insiders. necessary.
Based on this understanding, we recommend that Qitaihe lower the industry entry threshold. In addition to having serious negative impacts on urban development industries, the choice of alternative industries for the free development of other industries should be market-oriented, and the government should propose Approximate to the development direction of alternative industries, the focus of policies is to create good investment. Heavy employment and re-employment pressure has been the biggest problem that has been plaguing resource-based cities. The market alone cannot solve the problem of relocating surplus industries in declining industries. The practice of personnel has proved that in other countries, in this regard, the government must "do". We recommend that Qitaihe City promote urban transformation, create new jobs for laid-off workers as a top priority, and consider labor-intensive industries as much as possible. Development should change. Their concept is to broaden employment channels, give full play to the huge potential of private enterprises, absorb workers for employment, and actively open up employment space. In order to improve the professional skills of laid-off workers as the fundamental premise, we have solved the problem of employment, adjusted the structure, established a training assistance fund for laid-off workers, a re-employment service center for laid-off workers, provided vocational skills training for laid-off workers, and provided employment information for laid-off workers.
It is necessary to point out that the transformation of resource-based cities is a complex process type and is not an easy task. It forms a long-term planned economic system, structural contradictions and succession problems caused by depletion of pillar industry resources. It is impossible to solve it in a short time. In developed countries such as Japan and Germany, the transformation of resource-based cities is in practice. Even if they have huge financial support, successful transformation requires decades of efforts. In the case of Qitaihe without strong financial support, we should fully consider the long-term and arduous nature of the transition and establish long-term preparations for war.
Strengthening policy support to help Coal City Shulin
Resource-based urban economic transformation. It is a systematic project that aims to solve a series of major economic, social and environmental contradictions that have accumulated during the development process. It plays a necessary and basic role, giving full play to the invisible hand of the market in resource allocation, and also from the government. In other words, the transitional government should establish an appropriate feeding mechanism and formulate a moderate financial assistance policy, such as the establishment of a transfer fund for aging abandoned mines and the transformation of technology. Special funds to improve the city's fiscal transfer payment ratio of single resources, do a good job in urban environmental governance and mining and protection, and make great efforts to improve employment and social security. The government and relevant departments should coordinate to promote enterprises and local governments. The government should formulate different stages of industrial planning, human resources planning and development planning for some resource-depleted areas as soon as possible.
We recommend accelerating research and development of specific policy measures to favor Qitaihe coal resource-based cities in order to restore " "Hematopoiesis" and "blood transfusion" functions. In view of the fact that the project is put into production, taxation and credit policies will be given priority. At the same time, the state should provide certain financial support to solve the social security fund gap. Take the "National Competition" to support the province The benefits start from the fact that the enterprise itself is a "coal city post-industrial development fund" to support the transformation of coal cities and sustainable economic development. Raise funds through multiple channels to support coal cities, such as issuing bonds and supporting corporate listing financing. We are happy to see , the country and Heilongjiang Province are implementing active policies to promote the transformation of resource-based cities. "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing Strategies to Revitalize Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China" have clearly stated that research should be conducted to establish resource development. The compensation mechanism and the assistance mechanism for declining industries promote the economic transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities. "But overall, the implementation of policies has lagged far behind and is not very targeted to promote economic development in coal cities." Preferential policies, money to support development, preferential policies to attract talents.
In addition, for some aspects of project application, it is still a long-term, low-efficiency problem. In addition, the transformation of China's resource-based cities is still in the "pilot" stage, and most resource-based cities have not received much feedback.
Another common problem of mechanisms and institutions in resource-based cities is the heavy burden placed on their social enterprises. To solve social problems, the key is to solve the problem of local governments receiving funds. We suggest : Adjust the tax sharing ratio between central and local governments within a certain period of time, and increase the retention rate of local taxes to use local sources of funds to solve their social problems.
According to the "Regulations on the Collection of Mineral Resources Compensation Fees" promulgated by the State Council, the state began to collect mineral resource compensation fees in 1994. Provincial resource taxes began to be paid in 1998, and local taxes were left. We believe that all countries should fully Considering the economic distress of coal cities and the actual difficulties faced by the economic development of coal cities with a certain proportion of mineral resource compensation fees and provincial resource taxes, this will give great vitality to the economic transformation of Qitaihe Coal City. To this end, We suggest that state-owned industrial and mining enterprises pay mineral resource taxes to the local government, and at the same time increase the proportion of local value-added tax retained by the central government to provide special subsidies. Relying on three sources of funds, special funds for the economic transformation of Qihe Coal Mine City are dedicated to For the development of alternative industries.
Urban resource development, Qitaihe's urban infrastructure has historically been in debt, rather than improving the basic conditions for long-term economic and social development. We believe that the Qitaihe Municipal Government has developed. A series of specific measures to optimize the software and hardware environment, economic development should focus on solving the problems of difficulty in project approval, difficulty in financing, and difficulty in attracting talents. It is necessary to optimize the investment environment, activate the enthusiasm of private capital, and participate in the reform of state-owned enterprises. A clear investment and financing channels, and introduce diversified capital. Government departments should boldly allow private capital and foreign capital to participate in economic transformation based on enterprises as the main body and market orientation. The government should strengthen services and actively guide enterprises to participate in market competition, focusing on the market. In improving the investment environment and actively creating institutional and market conditions, the region's comparative advantages should be transformed into economic advantages. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of production factor markets such as capital markets and commercial markets, improve the city's economic radiation, and enhance the attractiveness of the region. Scarce factors of production.
It should be noted that the economic transformation of Qitaihe is necessary and should be an overall and long-term development strategy. First, consider that state-owned enterprises are the backbone of Qitaihe during the transformation process. , we must first force state-owned enterprises to revitalize the state-owned stock capital through reform, restructuring, and reorganization, and regain vitality and vitality; secondly, coal cities rely on their own advantages and the development of alternative industries is conducive to some high-tech projects, extending the industrial chain, and concentrating Nationwide, we should be market-oriented, strengthen macroeconomic regulation and control, and arrange projects reasonably to avoid similar projects in Hegang, Jixi and other cities to avoid duplication of construction; third, the coordinated development of various undertakings should be a comprehensive plan, We cannot treat each other alone; we must achieve coordinated economic and social development.
National policies support the transformation of old industrial bases and the transformation of resource-based cities. Seizing this opportunity will help optimize Qitaihe's century-long development opportunities. Industrial structure, enhance economic competitiveness, help solve the problem of high proportion of coal industry and short industrial chain, help solve the problem of too heavy burden, excessive pressure on employment and social stability, help solve the problem of backward technology, aging equipment, and problems in coal cities We are on the wrong track. If we seize the opportunity, make full use of the national and provincial policies, we believe that Qitaihe will be able to regain its youth and vitality