Quantitative research: Like natural science, it is a research process of establishing research hypotheses, collecting accurate data, and then conducting statistical analysis and testing through statistical investigation or experiment. Quantitative analysis, as an ancient way of thinking that has not been accurately positioned, has obvious advantages over qualitative analysis. It defines things within the range that human beings can understand, from quantitative change to qualitative change.
Qualitative research is a social science research method formed under the influence of anti-positivism theory. It tends to use interview, observation and literature to collect data, and conduct research on the basis of subjective understanding and qualitative analysis. Qualitative research emphasizes that human behavior is a meaningful action, and human's construction of social reality is completed on the basis of the meaning given to social objects by the subject and others who participate in the interaction, and also produces rules or knowledge with common knowledge in daily life. It is difficult to quantitatively study these rules or knowledge and their production process. Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, it is to use the methods of induction and deduction, analysis, synthesis and abstract generalization to process the obtained materials, so that we can get rid of the rough and get the essence, discard the false and keep the true, from here to there, from the outside to the inside, realize the essence of things and reveal the internal laws, from qualitative to quantitative.
What is qualitative analysis? What is quantitative analysis? (
Qualitative analysis refers to the qualitative analysis and research on the attributes of things through logical reasoning, philosophical thinking, historical verification and legal judgment.
It is the concrete application of traditional humanities research methods in the field of communication. It is mainly used to study the social structure and function of communication, social control of communication and the relationship between communication and social development.
Quantitative analysis refers to the analysis of the quantitative relationship between the components or properties of the studied object. You can also quantitatively analyze and compare some properties, characteristics and relationships of several objects.
The main goal is to determine the content of each component in the substance. The theoretical cornerstone of quantitative analysis is positivism, which emphasizes the objectivity and observability of physical objects.
Extended data:
Analysis principle of qualitative analysis Qualitative analysis must be completed through a series of tests. If the test result is consistent with the expectation, it is called "positive test" or positive test, which means that there is a component in the sample; Conversely, a "negative test" or negative test indicates that a component does not exist. The existence of components is based on the physical characteristics of substances, such as specific gravity, hardness, flame color, melting point, boiling point, solubility, spectrum, refractive index, optical rotation and so on. Sometimes important clues about the composition of a substance can be obtained by using a magnifying glass or microscope; Appearance of characteristic colors, fluorescence and phosphorescence, generation of light and heat, etc. When substances react chemically; The special selectivity of enzymes can also be used to detect substances.
Baidu Encyclopedia-qualitative analysis Baidu Encyclopedia-quantitative analysis.
Definition and difference between quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis
Quantitative research should seek the quantitative representation of data and adopt some statistical analysis forms. Generally speaking, when considering a new research project, it is usually necessary to conduct appropriate qualitative research before quantitative research. Sometimes qualitative research is also used to explain the results of quantitative analysis.
Qualitative research is another main method of exploratory research. Researchers use qualitative research to define problems or find solutions to them. When looking for ways to deal with problems, qualitative research is often used to make assumptions or determine the variables that should be included in the research. Sometimes qualitative research and second-hand data analysis can form the main part of research projects. Therefore, it is necessary for researchers to master the basic methods of qualitative research.
Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were carried out by chromatography.
A separation and analysis method based on the differences of physical and chemical properties (such as adsorption and distribution differences) between two phases of a mixture in a system. It is internationally recognized that Russian Tswett is the founder of chromatography. When two phases in a chromatographic system move relative to each other, usually one of them is stationary, which is called stationary phase. The other phase is mobile, which is called mobile phase. In the process of chromatographic analysis, the migration speed of substances depends on their relative forces with stationary phase and mobile phase. The attraction of solute and two phases is intermolecular force, including dispersion force, induced effect, field effect, hydrogen bonding force and Lewis acid-base interaction. For ions, there is also electrostatic attraction between ions. The solute strongly attracted by the stationary phase lags behind the solute strongly attracted by the mobile phase, and the components in the mixture are separated with repeated movement and multiple distribution. The classification of chromatographic analysis is very complicated. According to the difference between mobile phase and stationary phase, chromatography can be divided into gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. ① The mobile phase of gas chromatography is gas, which can be divided into: gas-solid chromatography, in which the mobile phase is gas and the stationary phase is solid; Gas-liquid chromatography, in which the mobile phase is gas and the stationary phase is liquid coated on an inert solid. ② The mobile phase of liquid chromatography is liquid, which can be divided into? Liquid-solid chromatography, in which the mobile phase is liquid and the stationary phase is solid; ② Liquid-liquid chromatography, mobile phase and stationary phase are all liquids. According to the adsorbent and its use form, it can be divided into column chromatography, paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. According to the size of adsorption force, it can be divided into adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, partition chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The methods of terminating chromatographic operation can be divided into unfolding chromatography and elution chromatography. According to sampling methods, it can be divided into zone chromatography, head-on chromatography and displacement chromatography. Can't do qualitative analysis
The meaning of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis
Qualitative description in written language
Quantitative description in mathematical language
Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis should be unified and complementary; ; Qualitative analysis is the basic premise of quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis without qualitative analysis is blind and worthless; ; Quantitative analysis makes qualitative analysis more scientific and accurate, and can promote qualitative analysis to draw extensive and in-depth conclusions.
Quantitative analysis is a method to establish a mathematical model based on statistical data, and use the mathematical model to calculate the indexes and their values of the analyzed object. Qualitative analysis is a method that mainly relies on the intuition and experience of the analyst, the past and present continuity of the analysis object and the latest information to judge the nature, characteristics and development and change law of the analysis object. Comparatively speaking, the former method is more scientific, but it requires advanced mathematical knowledge. Although the latter method is rough, it is more suitable for ordinary investors and economic workers when the data is insufficient or the mathematical foundation of analysts is weak. Therefore, the analysis made in the following sections of this chapter is basically qualitative analysis. However, it must be pointed out that although the two analytical methods have high or low requirements for mathematical knowledge, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis cannot be completely separated. In fact, modern qualitative analysis methods also need to use mathematical tools to calculate, and quantitative analysis must be based on qualitative prediction. The two complement each other. Qualitative analysis is the basis of quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis is the embodiment of qualitative analysis. Only flexible combination can achieve the best effect.
Different analysis methods have their own characteristics and performances, but they all have one thing in common, that is, they generally analyze and explain problems through comparison. It reflects the quantity, quality, benefit, consumption and development speed through the comparison of various indicators or the same indicator in different periods, thus providing conclusive information for identification and judgment.
Application:
In the research of evidence law, qualitative analysis method and quantitative analysis method have their own advantages and can complement each other. However, because the researchers of evidence law in China are familiar with qualitative analysis methods, it is necessary to emphasize the role and importance of quantitative analysis methods. For example, we should not only analyze whether a certain evidence rule is good or not, but also analyze its pros and cons ratio … and so on.
Patent analysis methods can be divided into quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is to count the external characteristics (various descriptions of patent documents) of patent documents according to certain indicators (such as the number of patents), and to interpret and analyze the relevant data. Qualitative analysis is an analysis process that takes the contents of patents as the object, merges patent documents according to their technical characteristics and makes them orderly. Usually, the combination of the two is needed to achieve better results.
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Differences and relations between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis
Any problem can be evaluated, judged and studied by qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, which are both different and related.
Different:
Qualitative description in written language. It is a method to judge the nature, characteristics, development and change law of the analysis object mainly through the intuition and experience of the analyst, the past and present continuation of the analysis object and the latest information.
Quantitative-described in mathematical language. It is a method to establish a mathematical model based on statistical data, and use the mathematical model to calculate and analyze the indexes and their values of the object.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Comparatively speaking, the quantitative analysis method is more scientific, but it requires profound mathematical knowledge, while the qualitative analysis method is rough, but it is more suitable when the data is insufficient or the analyst's mathematical foundation is weak.
Same:
They generally analyze and explain problems by comparison. It reflects the quantity, quality, benefit, consumption and development speed through the comparison of various indicators or the same indicator in different periods, thus providing conclusive information for identification and judgment.
Contact person:
Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis should be unified and complementary; ; Qualitative analysis is the basic premise of quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis without qualitative analysis is blind and worthless; Quantitative analysis makes qualitative analysis more scientific and accurate, and can promote qualitative analysis to draw extensive and in-depth conclusions.
In fact, modern qualitative analysis methods also need to use mathematical tools to calculate, and quantitative analysis must be based on qualitative prediction. The two complement each other. Qualitative analysis is the basis of quantitative analysis, and quantitative analysis is the embodiment of qualitative analysis. Only flexible combination can achieve the best effect.