Cutting fluid, cooling fluid) is an industrial liquid used for metal cutting and grinding, used for cooling and lubricating tools and workpieces. Cutting fluid is scientifically compounded by a variety of super functional additives, which has good cooling performance, lubricating performance, rust prevention performance, degreasing cleaning function, anti-corrosion function and easy dilution characteristics. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional soap-based emulsion, such as easy odor in summer, difficult dilution in winter and poor antirust effect, and has no adverse effect on car paint. It is suitable for cutting and grinding ferrous metals and belongs to the most advanced grinding products at present. All indexes of cutting fluid are better than saponified oil. It has good characteristics of cooling, cleaning and rust prevention, and is non-toxic, tasteless, non-corrosive to human body, non-corrosive to equipment and non-polluting to the environment.
The history of human using cutting fluid can be traced back to ancient times. It is known that watering can improve efficiency and quality when polishing stone tools, bronzes and ironware. In ancient Rome, olive oil was used when turning piston pump castings, and butter and water solvent were used to polish metal armor in16th century. Since 1775, John J.Wilkinson of England has successfully developed a boring machine for processing the cylinder of Watt steam engine, accompanied by the application of water and oil in metal cutting. 1860 After a long development, various machine tools such as turning, milling, planing, grinding, gear processing and thread processing have appeared one after another, which also marks the large-scale application of cutting fluid.
19 In the 1980s, American scientists first evaluated the cutting fluid. Taylor discovered and expounded the phenomenon and mechanism that supplying sodium carbonate aqueous solution by pump can increase cutting speed by 30% ~ 40%. The tool material used at that time was carbon tool steel, and the main function of cutting fluid was cooling, so the word "cooling fluid" was put forward. From then on, people called cutting fluid cooling lubricant.
With the continuous improvement of people's understanding of cutting fluid and the continuous enrichment of practical experience, it is found that injecting oil into the cutting area can obtain a good machined surface. At first, people used animal and vegetable oil as cutting fluid, but animal and vegetable oil is easy to deteriorate and has a short service life. At the beginning of the 20th century, people began to extract lubricating oil from crude oil and invented various lubricating additives with excellent properties. After World War I, we began to study and use compound oil composed of mineral oil and animal and vegetable oil. 1924 cutting oil containing sulfur and chlorine was patented and applied to heavy cutting, broaching, thread and gear processing.
The development of cutting tool materials promotes the development of cutting fluid. 1898 invented high-speed steel, and the cutting speed was 2 ~ 4 times higher than before. 1927, Germany first developed cemented carbide, and its cutting speed was 2 ~ 5 times higher than that of high-speed steel. With the continuous improvement of cutting temperature, the cooling performance of oil-based cutting fluid can not fully meet the cutting requirements, and people begin to pay attention to the advantages of water-based cutting fluid again. 19 15 produces oil-in-water emulsion, and 1920 becomes the first choice cutting fluid for heavy cutting. 1945, the United States developed the first oil-free synthetic cutting fluid, and the world's first fully synthetic metal cutting fluid was developed by Cimcool Cincinnati Milling Machine Company (later renamed Cincinnati-Milek Dragon), and the product was marked with a unique pink color. CIMCOOL is revolutionary. At the time of its birth 1945, only pure oil and emulsion like milk could be used as cutting fluid. Because CIMCOOL is a water-based product, its cooling performance is twice that of pure oil, which is different from oil. It has no smoke, no fire hazard, and the processed parts are clean. Similar to emulsion, CIMCOOL maintains excellent cooling performance. With the help of a unique chemical synthetic lubricant, its lubricity has been developed, allowing higher cutting speed and longer tool life. CIMCOOL shows high resistance to bacterial attacks, and its transparency is acceptable to the industry. CIMCOOL is a great progress in the field of metalworking fluid technology, and other companies have also turned to research and develop chemical metalworking fluids, which has promoted the development of cutting fluid technology. With the in-depth development of advanced manufacturing technology and the strengthening of people's awareness of environmental protection, new requirements are put forward for cutting fluid technology, which will certainly promote the development of cutting fluid technology to a higher field.