(2) Closing the wound: For patients with fractures and wounds, the wound should be closed immediately. It is best to cover the wound with a clean cloth and clothes, and then wrap it with a cloth belt. When dressing, it should not be too tight or too loose, which will lead to ischemic necrosis of the affected limb. When it is too loose, it can't play the role of dressing, and it can't play the role of pressing to stop bleeding. If the fracture end is exposed, be careful not to put it back in its original position and keep it exposed to avoid deep infection. If the fractured end is put back in its original position, it should be noted and explained clearly to the doctor when evacuating.
(3) Hemostasis: The method includes: pressing with hands to stop bleeding: if the amount of bleeding is large, the upper end of the bleeding place should be pressed against the adjacent bony process or diaphysis by hands. Use clean gauze and cloth to stop bleeding, and then wrap it with a wide cloth belt, with appropriate force but not too tight. Do not use metal wire, iron wire and other small-diameter items to stop bleeding. If there is a tourniquet, it can be used to stop bleeding. If there is no tourniquet, you can use a cloth belt. When the upper limb bleeds, the tourniquet should be placed in the middle and upper segment of the upper arm, not in the lower 1/3 or elbow fossa. To prevent nerve damage.
When the lower limbs stop bleeding, the tourniquet should be placed in the middle of the thigh, not in the lower thigh 1/3, knee or upper thigh. When you hurt the tourniquet, you should put a cushion. The tourniquet tying time should not exceed 1 hour for upper limbs and 1.5 hour for lower limbs.
(4) Temporary fixation: the position of the injured limb: keep the injured limb in the post-injury position as much as possible, and do not pull or carry the patient at will. Selection of fixing equipment: it is best to fix it with splint. If there is no splint, you can use local materials. Sticks and branches can be used in mountainous areas, cardboard or machine handles can be used in factories, and guns can be used in the battlefield. In the case of nothing, you can fix it by yourself, for example, the upper limb can be fixed on the body and the lower limb can be fixed on the opposite side. Fingers can be fixed with adjacent fingers.