First, tangible trade goods refer to the import and export of physical goods, because physical goods are tangible and visible.
In international trade, there are many kinds of tangible goods, which can usually be divided into two categories: primary products and finished products.
Primary products refer to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and mineral products that have not been processed or processed very little; Industrial manufactured goods refer to products that have been processed by industry.
According to the United Nations Standard Classification of International Trade Commodities, international trade commodities are divided into 10 categories:
Mainly used for edible food and fresh animals; Beverages and tobacco; Non-edible raw materials other than fuel; Fossil fuels, lubricating oils and related raw materials; Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes;
Chemicals and related products; Finished products are mainly classified according to raw materials; Machinery and transportation equipment; Miscellaneous products; Other goods not classified.
2. Intangible trade goods refer to the import and export of non-physical services and technologies.
Because labor and technology are intangible, invisible and intangible.
Intangible trade mainly includes transportation, loading and unloading, insurance, finance, postal communication, ship repair, international tourism, engineering services, agency and technology transfer. As for intangible trade, there is no international classification standard like physical goods.
The main difference between tangible trade and intangible trade is that the import and export of tangible goods, including customs trade statistics, is the main component of the whole balance of payments.
The import and export of intangible goods do not go through customs formalities and are not included in customs trade statistics, but they are also an important part of the balance of payments.
Since 1990s, with the rapid development of electronic science and technology, some service products have become tangible, such as CDs, but they should be service products in nature. Therefore, in a sense, the boundary between visible trade and invisible trade is blurred.
Extended data:
Classification of international trade:
According to the direction of commodity movement, international trade can be divided into:
1. Import trade: introducing goods or services from other countries into the domestic market for sale.
2. Export trade: exporting domestic goods or services to other countries' markets for sale.
3. entrepot trade: the goods of country A are transported to the market of country B through the territory of country C, which is entrepot trade to country C. Because transit trade hinders international trade, WTO members do not engage in transit trade.
Import trade and export trade are both export trade for both sides of each transaction and import trade for the buyer.
In addition, when goods imported into the country are re-exported, they become re-exported; Commodities exported abroad are re-imported when they are re-imported into China.
According to the form of goods, international trade can be divided into:
1. Tangible trade: the import and export of goods in kind. Such as machines, equipment, furniture, etc. They are all goods in physical form, and the import and export of these goods is called visible trade.
2. Invisible trade: the import and export of technologies and services without physical form. Transfer of patent use rights, transnational services provided by tourism, financial and insurance enterprises, etc. They are all goods without physical form, and their import and export are called invisible trade.
International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries (or regions) in the world.
It is the main form of interconnection between countries (or regions) on the basis of international division of labor, which reflects the economic interdependence of all countries in the world and consists of the sum of foreign trade of all countries. From a country's perspective, international trade is foreign trade.
One view: Some experts believe that, from a certain point of view, foreign trade or international trade refers to the exchange of goods, services and requirements between countries in the world, and international trade is the performance of division of labor among countries and reflects the mutual economic existence of countries in the world.
It can be called foreign trade from a national perspective and international trade from an international perspective.
Another view: foreign trade refers to the exchange of goods, technologies and services between a country (or region) and other countries (or regions).
Therefore, when referring to foreign trade, we should point out specific countries. For example, the foreign trade of China; Some island countries, such as Britain and Japan, also call foreign trade overseas.
Baidu Encyclopedia: International Trade