1. The evolution of technical system follows the life cycle of production, growth, maturity and decline.
2. Increase the ideality.
3. The unbalanced evolution of subsystems in the system leads to conflicts.
4. Increase the dynamics and controllability.
5. Increase the complexity and then simplify it through integration.
6. Matching and Mismatching of Parts
7. Evolve from macro system to micro system, and use energy field to achieve better performance or control.
8. Improve the degree of automation and reduce manual participation.
Among these eight models, ideal growth is a very important law in TRIZ theory. It shows that the technical system is evolving in the direction of increasing idealism. Ideality is a core concept of TRIz theory, which is defined as follows:
Among them, Uj refers to the useful results of the system, including all valuable results of the system; Hj refers to the harmful results of the system, including unnecessary expenses, energy consumption, pollution and danger. The ideal state of the system is that there are only useful results and no harmful results. The evolution from mechanical watches to electronic watches is a good example. TRIZ believes that the ideal technical system does not actually exist, but it must be committed to achieving the ideal final result. The ever-increasing idealism points out the direction of efforts for creative problem solving.
The third model points out that the unbalanced evolution of subsystems in the system leads to system conflicts. System conflict is another core concept of TRIz, which represents the internal contradiction behind the problem. If we want to improve some properties of the system, it will inevitably lead to the deterioration of other properties, just like a balance, one end is tilted and the other end is bound to sink. In the structural design of products, the weight and strength of the structure constitute a pair of conflicts. Reducing the weight of the structure will inevitably weaken the strength of the structure; On the contrary, in order to increase the strength of the structure, the weight of the structure must be increased. Usually, the way to solve conflicts is to compromise, while TRIz emphasizes the use of creative thinking to completely eliminate conflicts. Altshuller's research on a large number of invention patents shows that although they belong to different technical fields and deal with different problems, the number of implied system conflicts is limited. He sorted out and summarized 39 important parameters that caused system conflicts and contradictions, as shown in table 1.
Usually, people face two kinds of problems, one is that there are known solutions. For this kind of problem, people often use analogy to solve the problem. By analogy with familiar standard questions, if we can make a correct analogy, we can find the correct answer to the solved problem. The general model of problem solving is shown in figure 1. Another kind of problem is that there is no known solution. Gree chS Altshuller calls this problem an invention problem. Creative questions contain at least one pair of conflicts or
Paradoxically, if one parameter of the problem improves, another parameter may deteriorate. Fast nrich5 H5. Select 200,000 patents from more than 0,000 patents, find out the invention problems and how to solve them. It turns out that only 40,000 patents are somewhat creative, and the solutions of other patents are direct improvements. In the Indian era and 1970s, he divided these patents into five grades according to the degree of invention and creation:
The first level is the daily design problem, which can be solved by methods familiar to the profession without invention. About% of the solutions belong to this level.
The second stage uses methods known in the industry to make small improvements to the existing system, which usually requires some compromises. About 45% of the solutions belong to this level.
At the third level, the existing system is greatly improved by using known methods outside the industry, and conflicts and contradictions need to be resolved. About 18% of the solutions belong to this level.
The fourth level adopts new principles, which is a new generation of ideas in the existing system. Solutions depend more on science than technology. About 4% of the solutions belong to this level.
A rare scientific discovery at the fifth level, or the initiative of a new system. About l% of the solutions belong to this level. Therefore, Altshuller believes that more than 90% of the problems faced by engineers have been solved somewhere before. He extracted 40 invention principles to solve conflicts or contradictions from innovation patents, as shown in Table 2.
Every inventive principle has a comprehensive explanation. For example:
Principle of division
A) dividing an object into independent parts;
B) making objects separable;
C) Increase the degree of object segmentation. Example:
Combination furniture, standard computer parts and folding wooden ruler;
Garden watering hoses can be connected together to form long hoses of any required length.
Nesting principle
A) Put one object into another object, and then put these two objects into a third object;
B) passing an object through a hole in another object;
example
telescopic aerial
Fold up the chairs.
Pencil (put lead in the center of the pen)
How to apply the principle of invention to the invention problems that need to be solved? Altshuller constructs a 39x39 conflict matrix (this conflict matrix is too large, so this paper omits it). In the conflict matrix, rows are 39 technical parameters to be improved, and columns are the unexpected results of the corresponding 39 technical parameters. In addition to the main diagonal of the conflict matrix, the intersection of rows and columns constitutes a pair of conflicts, and there are * * * 1482 conflicts. Altsllolle: The inventive principle of recommending to solve the conflict of 1288 is listed at the intersection of rows and columns. Only the conflict of 194 does not give the recommended invention principle, because there is no patent to solve these conflicts.
Altshuller also summarized 78 standard solutions to invention problems. These standard solutions are based on physical field analysis and observation of general solutions to problems in different technical fields, and are usually used for specific problems. Object field plays an important role in TRIZ and is a general tool for problem modeling and analysis. Its basic principle is to establish a systematic object-field-tool structure, analyze the integrity of this triangle and the interaction between its parts, study the shortcomings of this structure, and then make targeted changes to solve the problem. The analysis of material field is helpful to explain the deep-seated root of the problem, clarify the complex interrelationships within things, grasp the essence of the problem, and open up new ideas for creatively solving the problem. Usually, after the analysis of the object field, the standard solution can be used to solve the problem.
Because practical problems usually do not directly manifest as conflicts and contradictions, people cannot use TRIZ tools correctly. The problem solving algorithm of the present invention (abbreviated as ARlz in Russian) provides a logical flow for solving problems. Generally speaking, following the logic flow of ARlz can realize the final solution of the problem. The following only gives the basic steps of ARIz, not the specific development.
1 systematically puts forward the J problem. 2. Turn the problem into a model. 3. Analyze the model. 4. Solve physical conflicts. 5. Put forward an ideal solution systematically.
Eight modes of technological system evolution, 40 invention principles, 39 technical parameters, conflict matrix, standard solutions to 76 invention problems and AHIZ constitute an important part of TRIz. In addition, TRIz also includes an engineering application knowledge base about the interaction between physics, chemistry and children. The knowledge base lists the functions that R may apply to various projects L and their corresponding physical, chemical and geometric functions. When solving practical problems, after determining the functions to be realized by F, we can look up various possible functions in the knowledge base, thus greatly broadening the engineers' thinking. Knowledge base plays a greater role in creative problem solving, which is embodied in TRIZ application software.
Since TRIZ was introduced to the United States in the early 1990s, the theoretical methods of TRIZ have made great progress, and new tools and methods have emerged, such as ternary analysis and expected fault judgment. And the English version of TRlz expert system series software has appeared.