Gasoline engine oil. With "s", SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, SH, SJ. The alphabetical order represents the development of engine oil quality and the progress of additives, and motorcycles are not lower than SE.
B. as for motorcycle oil:
1. It is recommended to use SG-grade engine oil products of major brands, such as Mobil, bp, Castrol, Shell, Total, Esso, Great Wall, Uni-President and Kunlun. ......
2. It is strongly not recommended to use special engine oil, which is an OEM product with high quality and low price! Of course, if there is no high-quality brand engine oil, you have to choose it.
3. Choose the appropriate oil viscosity according to the air temperature:
C. viscosity of engine oil:
Proper viscosity is the first condition to establish an oil film on the friction surface. If the viscosity is high, the fluidity is poor, and it is easier to wear at the beginning. Low viscosity and insufficient lubrication will also cause wear after the engine is running. Generally speaking, new cars and newly overhauled cars should use low viscosity engine oil, especially newly overhauled engine oil. Never use high-viscosity engine oil during the running-in period, because at this time, the fit clearance of various parts of the engine is very small, and the fluidity of high-viscosity engine oil is poor, which will lead to poor heat dissipation and lubrication of the engine, accelerate the aging of lubricating oil and aggravate engine wear.
D. ambient temperature:
The viscosity of engine oil should be determined according to the temperature in this area. Generally speaking, oil with complex viscosity should be selected in winter to ensure the low-temperature fluidity of oil. In summer, the viscosity maintenance of engine oil is mainly considered, because the high temperature and low viscosity engine oil in summer can not maintain enough oil pressure, so that the engine can not be lubricated.
Specific applicable temperature for each viscosity:
The temperature range is viscosity grade, and China is in℃ season.
300 ~+30 Summer Northeast Northwest
400 ~+40 summers all over the country
50+5 ~+50 Summer South
5w/30-25 ~+30 Generally northeast and northwest in winter and summer.
5w/40-25 ~+40 Generally northeast and northwest in winter and summer.
10w/30-20 ~+30 is widely used in North China and Midwest in winter and summer.
10w/40-20 ~+40 is widely used in North China and Midwest in winter and summer.
15w/40- 15 ~+40 is generally used in north China and central and western regions in winter and summer.
20w/50- 10 ~+50 south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River in winter and summer.
4. Engine power and displacement -SG level or above is recommended for high power or synthetic engine oil; Such as: imported cars of more than 250.
5. Engine types, such as air cooling, oil cooling and water cooling. -The air-cooled working temperature is high, and the corresponding viscosity and grade can be higher.
6. Riding habits, such as: like high-end high-speed, like the feeling of acceleration, and always no more than 60 yards, 40 yards in urban areas and don't change gears frequently. -Like high-speed and rapid acceleration, it is recommended to be above SG level, or synthetic oil. If you drive slowly and steadily, you can of course drop one level.
7. cycling environment such as: frequent long-distance running? Or just hanging out in the city? Or both? Long-distance service is also recommended above SG level, or synthetic engine oil. It is suggested that the viscosity in urban areas should be lower, such as 10W-40.
8. riding conditions: are they all first-class roads? All mountain roads? Not bad? Both? It is suggested that the viscosity and grade in mountainous areas are slightly higher.
The crude oil pumped by oil wells is mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen, with a ratio of about 8: 1, and also contains a small amount of impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. After the crude oil enters the refinery, it is dehydrated and desalted to remove corrosive substances in the crude oil, and then enters the distillation tower for treatment. Light fractions with lower boiling points, such as alkanes and cycloalkanes, in crude oil are distilled first, and crude gasoline, crude kerosene and crude diesel oil are obtained respectively according to the temperature increase, and the rest is called heavy oil. Fractions such as lubricating oil, vaseline, paraffin and asphalt can be obtained by distilling heavy oil at high temperature. This lubricating oil fraction needs further processing and modulation to become refined oil meeting industrial standards (such as API), which can only be used as industrial raw materials, so it is called lubricating oil base oil, or base oil for short. Poly (α-olefin) can be obtained by catalytic polymerization from olefin, a by-product of deep processing of petrochemical products. Compared with mineral oil, it has excellent viscosity-temperature performance, good low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature stability, and high viscosity index. It is called synthetic base oil because it is obtained by synthetic process. Most modern petrochemical enterprises sell base oil to more professional lubricant manufacturers, even oil giants such as Mobil and BP are no exception.
After the lubricant manufacturers get the base oil, they will remove trace impurities such as potassium and copper through finer processing technology to reduce its corrosiveness, and further classify the base oil, and then produce the base oil into different grades, different properties and different uses according to the plan (API and JASO are the most commonly used standards for engine lubricants). The main indexes to measure the performance of refined oil are: viscosity-temperature, wear resistance, clean dispersion, oil sludge resistance, oxidation resistance, anti-foaming, corrosion resistance, acid neutralization and high temperature stability. Among the above nine indicators, except the first one, all other indicators are basically achieved by adding additives. Therefore, the additive formula determines the performance of lubricating oil, and all major lubricating oil companies regard their additive formulas as top secret.
Automotive oils include engine oil, gearbox oil, damping oil, hydraulic oil, grease, etc. Here are the engine oils: gasoline oil, diesel oil, two-stroke motorcycle oil and four-stroke motorcycle oil.
Gasoline engine oil: its development direction focuses on longer oil change cycle and the wear of tappets and cams. Because each friction pair belongs to high-speed and low-pressure type, ordinary zinc-phosphorus composite antiwear agent is generally used as antiwear agent.
Diesel engine oil: Because the engine is strengthened to a higher degree and its rotating speed is lower than that of gasoline engine, in order to prolong the life of piston assembly, its design allows higher lubricating oil consumption (entering the cylinder for combustion), so it pays special attention to high-temperature stability, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, smoke exhaust, carbon deposition in piston ring and other indicators, and its viscosity is higher than that of gasoline engine, so it is designed to be used at a higher temperature. In recent years, diesel engines are developing towards high speed, high intensification and turbocharging, which puts forward stricter requirements for engine oil. Some insoluble antiwear agents with extreme antiwear properties, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, are often used in special diesel engine oils.
Two-stroke motorcycle oil: this is a special kind of engine oil and cannot be recycled. Pay attention to ash burning, smoke exhaust and wear resistance, and basically have no requirements for high temperature stability, oxidation resistance, clean dispersion and oil sludge resistance.
Four-stroke motorcycle oil: due to the high degree of engine reinforcement and high speed, special attention is paid to high-temperature stability, oxidation resistance, sludge resistance, clean dispersion and foam resistance; The biggest difference between motorcycle and automobile is that the lubricating oil of motorcycle not only lubricates the engine, but also lubricates the clutch and gearbox. The meshing pressure of gears far exceeds any part of the engine, and the use of ordinary anti-wear additives will soon fail, resulting in serious overall wear of the engine; Ordinary extreme anti-wear agents such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide will cause the clutch to slip, so only special anti-wear agents can be used.
Blending of automobile oil and motorcycle oil;
If you ride a scooter with variable speed 150 or less, you can use automobile oil, but the oil change cycle should be shortened. The engine temperature of motorcycle is higher than that of automobile, the engine oil will be oxidized in use, and the anti-wear agent will be hydrolyzed into inorganic acid at high temperature, resulting in corrosion and abnormal wear of the engine.
If you ride an old car with a separate engine and gearbox, such as a three-wheeled 750, you can use car oil and change the oil according to the mileage specified in its manual.
Two-stroke motorcycles can only use two-stroke motorcycle oil.
If you are riding a motorcycle with wet clutch, gearbox and engine using a set of lubrication system, it is forbidden to use automobile oil, especially high-powered sports cars. If driving at full power 1 hour, the engine will burn out and be scrapped. For R 1, 954 and other competitive sports cars, half an hour is enough. Friends who don't believe it might as well try.
According to the difference of base oil, engine lubricating oil can be roughly divided into the following engine oils:
Synthetic engine oil, synthetic engine oil (and what we usually call semi-synthetic engine oil), mineral oil.
All synthetic engine oil: This base oil is a base oil with recombinant molecules suitable for lubricating grease, which has the same properties as lubricating oil and is characterized by stable high performance at any time from low temperature to high temperature.
Synthetic oil: This basic tour is based on mineral oil and chemical synthetic oil to improve its performance.
Mineral oil: This base oil is a common engine oil synthesized from the chemical components in common mineral oil.
Comparison between synthetic engine oil and mineral oil;
Synthetic lubricating oil, chemical synthetic base oil and mineral base oil made by adding high-efficiency additives to high-purity synthetic base oil have different essential properties, so even if mineral oil is replaced in the middle of synthetic oil, the same performance cannot be obtained. Because lubricating oil is composed of 80%-90% base oil and 10%-20% additive, the performance difference of base oil has a great influence on the performance difference of locomotive.
We compare base oil to the foundation of a house and additives to the material of a house. Synthetic lubricating oil is like a house standing on a solid foundation, which can maintain its original performance for a long time and become a durable house. In addition, mineral lubricating oil is like a house with a weak foundation. It is in good condition at first, but it will collapse in a certain period and become a house with a short life. I don't need to say more about which is better.
The following are some basic comparisons between synthetic engine oil and mineral oil:
1, low-temperature fluidity in synthetic engine oil >: mineral oil.
2. Volatility (the less lubricating oil is consumed, the better) All synthetic engine oil > Mineral oil.
3. The oxidation stability is all in synthetic engine oil.
4. Temperature viscosity all synthetic engine oil >: mineral oil.
The price (economy) is all in synthetic engine oil.
Tips from synthetic engine oil! ! !
Strictly speaking, what we usually call All synthetic engine oil refers to 65,438+0,000% high-quality engine oil products made of PAO (poly-α-olefin) or synthetic esters, which were first invented by Germans in World War II. However, more and more engine oil products on the market are labeled as "synthetic oil"-synthetic oil, and even many commercial gimmicks use "total synthesis" indiscriminately. But is your whole synthetic engine oil really synthetic engine oil?
In August 2002, Lubricant World published an article "Is your synthetic engine oil really synthetic?" It is suspected of misleading consumers to tell the story of merchants playing with the "synthetic"-synthetic oil label in the existing engine oil market. The most famous case is the commercial debate between Castrol (Swingdon, UK) and Mobil (Fairfax, Virginia) about what is "synthesis". The reason is that Castrol began to use class III base oil VHVI(Group III) instead of PAO (Poly α-olefin) in 1999, and the lubricating oil industry generally thinks that the performance of class III base oil VHVI is between synthetic oil and mineral oil. Although some people call it synthetic oil, its properties (such as viscosity-temperature characteristics, oxidation resistance, etc.) are quite different from those of PAO, XHVI and esters. A fair classification should belong to mineral oil classification. Very high viscosity index (VHVI) base oil belongs to the third category of base oil in API gravity (API) classification, which contains no aromatic hydrocarbon and has high viscosity index and oxidation stability. However, Castrol used the label of "synthetic oil" in its advertisement, so Mobil questioned it. Require Castrol to resume the synthesis of engine oil formula using PAO as raw material "-There is a heated debate between the two companies on the label and commercial promotion of oil, which is a bit like the case of unfair commercial competition in China.
In fact, in recent years, engine oil manufacturers began to use 3-4 kinds of base oils to blend new brand products. As mentioned in VHVI (the third group), the performance is good, and the price is only about 50% of PAO. Why don't manufacturers do this? However, in the strict sense of chemical industry, "synthesis" is still strictly distinguished. In European countries, because the ACEA engine oil standard is stricter than the American API standard, manufacturers generally use PAO to manufacture synthetic engine oil products, while in the United States, 1 +3 base oil is used to blend higher-grade products. The following are the uses of "synthetic" base oils by some lubricant manufacturers:
1. Shell Shell uses our patented XHVI base oil, which is the top synthetic base oil manufactured by Shell Group through carefully controlled paraffin catalytic hydroisomerization technology, and belongs to high-grade 4 base oil.
2.Esso Mobil Esso and Mobil have combined to use polyalphaolefin base oil.
3.FUCHS FOSS uses PAO (polyalphaolefin) and ester base oil.
4. Castrol +BP Castrol +BP companies mostly use ester base oils.