It is generally believed that the inventor of the telephone was an Englishman, Bell. I remember there was a text about Bell's invention of the telephone in primary school. However, on June 15, 2002, the US Congress passed Resolution 269, which recognized mutch, an Italian-American immigrant inventor, as the inventor of the telephone. So the question is, who is the inventor of the telephone?
First, let's review the story of Bell's invention of the telephone.
1847, alexander bell was born into a family of linguists. 1864, 17-year-old Bell began to study acoustics. From 65438 to 0869, Bell, 22, was employed by Boston University to teach phonetics. From 65438 to 0872, 25-year-old Bell started a school in Boston to train deaf-mute teachers, and wrote a book "A Guide to Visual Language". 1873, at the age of 26, Bell became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University.
It is also a life with the door open.19-The 20th century is really an era of great men and women.
Once, when Danbert was doing an experiment on "visual language" for the deaf-mute, he found that when the current passed and blocked, the spiral would make noise, just like the ticking sound when the telegraph sent Morse code. So bell thought that electricity might make a sound. As long as the intensity of current is changed to simulate the sound wave change when people are talking, the current can transmit the sound made by people.
With this inspiration, Bell began to do experiments with his assistant Vincent. They made two prototypes, that is, covering the bottom of a cylinder with a film, connecting a carbon rod at the center of the film and inserting it into sulfuric acid solution, so that when people talk to it, the film will vibrate, and the resistance of the carbon rod will change when it contacts sulfuric acid, and the current will also change. When receiving, due to the change of current, changing sound waves are generated. Therefore, sound transmission can be realized.
However, the two machines still can't talk. One day, Bell frowned at the window and meditated. Suddenly, there was melodious guitar sound in the distance. Bell instantly thought of the key points, so he added a speaker to the prototype to improve the sensitivity of the sound.
1876 On February 4th, Bell applied for a telephone patent in the US Patent Office. 10 In March, Bell obtained a patent for telephone invention, announcing the arrival of a new era of mankind. 1878, Bell established the telephone company, and realized the long-distance telephone test between Boston and new york, which are 300 kilometers apart. Since then, the telephone has spread rapidly in major cities in North America, and quickly swept the world.
Bell has made outstanding contributions in the fields of acoustics and electricity, and obtained more than 30 patents, half of which are telephones. His name "Zhong" was later used as a unit to measure sound intensity level in acoustics, and also used to calculate the ratio of current to voltage and the ratio of output to input power in electricity.
However, Bell was not the only one who invented the telephone. A man named Gray once filed a lawsuit with Bell over the telephone patent right. They filed the patent on the same day, but Graybeal Bell was about two hours late and finally lost the case.
Antonio Mucci/Kloc-0 was born in Florence in/808, and/Kloc-0 moved to the United States in/845. In order to make a living, mutch began to study electrophysiology which interested him very much. Soon, he invented the method of treating diseases by electric shock. We don't know whether this informal therapy is useful or not, but one day in 1849, when he prepared a set of equipment for his friend in another room, an unexpected miracle appeared. Through a wire connecting two rooms, mutch clearly heard a friend's voice coming from the other room. At that time, he inserted a metal reed connected with a coil into a friend's mouth, and the coil was connected to a conductor in another room. In fact, the metal reed plays the role of a sensor here. It is because it is connected with the coil that its vibration is converted into current.
Mutch immediately realized the unusual significance of this phenomenon, so he stopped illegal medical practice. He immediately began to study what he called "talking telegraph". At that time, his future competitor Bell was only 2 years old. In 1854, mutch made the first prototype that worked like a telephone.
1860, mutch published an introduction about the telephone prototype in an Italian newspaper in new york, but he didn't apply for a patent for invention, because it cost 250 dollars to apply for a patent in the United States at that time, and mutch was too poor to afford the money. Moreover, he doesn't know English, he can't integrate into American society, and he is afraid to deal with the patent office.
/kloc-in 0/870, Qi Mu, who was over 60 years old, was seriously ill. In order to treat the disease, he had to sell the telephone equipment he had worked so hard to make for a mere $6. From 65438 to 0873, mutch lived in poverty and had to live on social welfare. 1874, mutch sent his telephone equipment to Western Union Telegraph Company for sale. I didn't want the equipment, but it was lost by Western Union. Later, Bell signed a contract with Western Union, and mutch went to court for a lawsuit, which dragged on for a long time because of insufficient evidence. 1889, just as there was a rumor that Mucci was going to win the right of telephone invention, poor him died. It was not until 1 13 that Mu Qi was approved by the US Congress for his invention right.
I was deeply touched by the story of mutch. Although he worked hard to make the telephone and was recognized by people more than a century later, the world was cruel after all. People still remember Bell, Bell Telephone Company founded in 1877, and now it has developed into AT&T. As one of the 30 industrial companies in the Dow Jones index, AT&; T, the world's top 500 ranked 20th.
This is an era of drastic changes. There are too many people who think like you and do the same thing. Opportunity knocks but once. If you are dissatisfied with life, you should not only do it, but also know how to package and speak.