First of all, according to the method of moxibustion
Moxibustion and blister moxibustion (non-moxibustion, also called natural moxibustion). The latter uses one of Mylabris, Croton and mashed garlic. And apply it to acupoints to make them blister locally. This is blister moxibustion. Most of the popular "winter diseases treated in summer" belong to this category.
Second, according to the form of moxibustion
Direct moxibustion, indirect moxibustion, warm acupuncture, moxa stick moxibustion, warm moxibustion.
1, direct moxibustion
Direct moxibustion is a method of putting moxa sticks of appropriate size directly on the skin, which was commonly used by the ancients. If the skin is hot and purulent when moxibustion is applied, it is called scar moxibustion. If you don't burn purulent skin and leave no scars, it's called seamless moxibustion.
2. Indirect moxibustion
Indirect moxibustion, also called isolated moxibustion, refers to the moxibustion method with a medium between moxa cone and skin.
Indirect moxibustion has always been popular with patients because of its mild stimulation and no harm to the skin, and is especially suitable for self-family moxibustion health care. It is worth mentioning that for a long time, people still think that moxibustion can not only play the role of moxibustion, but also play the role of medicine, because most of the substances separated from it are traditional Chinese medicine, and clinical observation has a good effect on many diseases and syndromes.
Common indirect moxibustion includes ginger moxibustion, garlic moxibustion, salt moxibustion and aconite moxibustion.
(1) ginger moxibustion
Ginger-separated moxibustion is a kind of moxibustion method based on thin ginger slices, which has become one of the most commonly used moxibustion methods because of its convenient materials and simple operation.
Ginger moxibustion has existed since ancient times. Yang Jizhou's "Acupuncture" in the Ming Dynasty recorded that "Moxibustion uses a piece of ginger as thick as money, which is placed on the acupoints on the tongue, and then moxibustion". Later, Zhang Jingyue, a famous doctor, mentioned in The Analects of Confucius that "only ginger is used to slice and put the sore of hemorrhoids, and the top three women use moxa to moxibustion ginger, and the yellow water will come out and dissipate". Judging from the application of the above two pieces of ginger-separated moxibustion, ginger-separated moxibustion can be used to treat some special parts and diseases in ancient times, which is really enlightening to modern clinic. It turns out that ginger moxibustion can be used like this. In Qing Dynasty, Wu Shangxian's Parallel Prose in Li Xuan and Li Xuechuan's The Source of Acupuncture also have many records about ginger-separated moxibustion.
The method of ginger moxibustion is very simple. Select fresh ginger and cut it into thick slices along the longitudinal direction of ginger fiber. The size can depend on the moxibustion site and the size of the moxa cone, which is generally slightly larger than the moxibustion site. Punch a few holes in the middle of the ginger with a triangular needle to facilitate heat penetration. When moxibustion is applied, large or medium moxa cones are placed on ginger slices, and then placed on acupoints after being lit. When the moxa cone burns out or the patient feels a burning sensation locally, the moxa cone moxibustion is changed again, and the local flushing is not blistered. After moxibustion, apply safflower oil on the moxibustion site. First, it can prevent skin burns. Second, it can enhance the efficacy of moxibustion in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Generally, moxibustion treatment is one day 1 time, and 7 times is 1 course of treatment.
Ginger is warm, which has the functions of warming meridians, promoting blood circulation, dispelling blood stasis, expelling wind, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Ginger-separated moxibustion stimulates local skin acupoints through the spicy taste of ginger juice and the thermal effect of moxibustion, and is good at dispelling cold and relieving pain, warming stomach and stopping vomiting. It is mainly used for treating wind-cold joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, nocturnal emission, impotence, dysmenorrhea and peripheral facial paralysis caused by common cold.
When using ginger-separated moxibustion, fresh ginger should be selected, which is now cut and used. The thickness of ginger slices depends on the root position and disease syndrome. Generally speaking, ginger slices can be thicker in sensitive parts such as face; For acute or painful diseases, ginger slices can be cut thin. If the ginger slices are scorched and dry, they can be replaced.
(2) garlic moxibustion
Garlic moxibustion can be divided into garlic moxibustion and garlic moxibustion.
The ancients used garlic-separated moxibustion to treat carbuncle, which was discussed in detail in Volume XIV of "Three Causes and One Disease Syndrome Prescription" written by Chen Yan, a doctor in the Song Dynasty: carbuncle feels "swelling and pain" first, and then it is covered with wet paper. Where the paper is dried first, it is also sliced with garlic, and then sent to you. The top three are replaced by big moxibustion, that is, a garlic. The book also mentions another method of garlic moxibustion, namely garlic cake moxibustion: "A dozen people make a place where garlic is ground into paste and spread on pancakes, and moxa is gathered on cakes for moxibustion." It can be seen that ancient physicians were good at treating surgical carbuncle with garlic moxibustion and garlic moxibustion.
The operation method is to cut fresh garlic into thin slices with a thickness of about ~ cm, punch a few holes in the middle (or pound garlic like mud), put it on the acupuncture point or affected area to be moxibustion, then put moxa cone on the garlic slices (or paved garlic paste) and light moxibustion. After the moxa cone is burnt out, it is easy to wick and moxibustion again until the specified number of strong moxibustion is completed. Moxibustion is generally treated once a day 1 time until it is cured.
Garlic moxibustion has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and killing insects. Mostly used for carbuncle, gangrene, sore, furuncle, wart and abdominal mass. In recent years, it has also been used in the adjuvant treatment of tuberculosis.
(3) Salt-separated moxibustion
Salt-separated moxibustion is a therapeutic method of applying dry salt to navel for moxibustion. Salt-separated moxibustion has a long history and is one of the most commonly used moxibustion methods in clinic.
Salt-separated moxibustion was first seen in Elbow Urgent Prescription. Ge Hong advocated filling the umbilical fossa with salt and putting a big moxa cone on it to treat cholera and other emergencies. Later medical books, such as Wei Yilin's "Preparing for a Thousand Women", "A Thousand Women's Wings" and "Effective Treatment by World Doctors" in Yuan Dynasty, were introduced. For example, the eleventh volume of Compendium of Materia Medica records: "When cholera turns to muscle and wants to die, the abdomen is hot, and the navel is filled with salt, and the top seven is moxibustion, that is, Su", while "children don't urinate, but put salt in the navel". The ancients used salt as the medium to mainly moxibustion the navel, but it has gradually improved and expanded in modern times and is no longer limited to Shenque point. During the operation of salt-separated moxibustion, the patient lies on his back, exposing his navel. Take a proper amount of pure and dry salt (preferably green salt), fry it until it is warm, and put it in the umbilical cord to make it flush with the umbilical cord. Then put the moxa cone on it and apply moxibustion until the patient feels a little hot, so it is easy to burn and moxibustion again. In order to prevent the salt from being burnt by fire, you can put a thin piece of ginger on the salt in advance and then moxibustion.
Salt is a mineral, which can also produce thermal radiation after heating, and the thermal penetration is continuous and uniform, similar to the stone cutting therapy of traditional Chinese medicine.
When moxibustion is applied, patients are required to stay in place and breathe evenly. Especially when the acupoint area feels hot, you should inform the doctor to deal with it, and don't move it to avoid burns.
(4) Aconite-separated moxibustion
Aconite-separated moxibustion is a kind of indirect moxibustion, including aconite-separated moxibustion and aconite-separated moxibustion.
The application of this method was first seen in Sun Simiao's Daughter Fang Yi in the Tang Dynasty. It is recorded that "cutting aconite is as thick as a chess piece, and it is swollen, so as to spit aconite less and moxibustion aconite, and treat heat with swelling." This is the earliest record of aconite moxibustion, which is used to treat surgical carbuncle. Later, moxibustion separated from aconite cake was developed. For example, according to Xue Ji's "Punishment for Surgery" in the Ming Dynasty, those with unhealed wounds "used processed aconite to peel umbilicus, grind it into cakes, put the wounds on them, and moxibustion on the cakes. Several times a day, but make it slightly hot and painless. " In ancient times, moxibustion separated from aconite was often used to treat some emergencies and incurable diseases, which could often restore yang to save the inverse and bring back the dead. Fuzi Tablet Moxibustion is to soak cooked Fuzi in water, cut it into thick pieces, put it in the acupoint area with acupuncture holes in the middle, and put it on moxa cone moxibustion. Aconitum cake moxibustion is to cut Aconitum into fine powder and mix it with yellow wine to make a cake with a diameter of about 3 cm and a thickness of about 1 cm. Punch a hole in the middle, put it on the point to be moxibustion or the affected area, and then put moxa cone moxibustion on it. Fuzi is pungent, warm and hot, and has the function of warming kidney and strengthening yang. It is often used to treat chronic ulcers caused by impotence, premature ejaculation or qi failure.
Aconitum is poisonous, so it should be noted that:
Pay attention to indoor ventilation when applying moxibustion.
B aconite cake moxibustion must be carried out under the guidance and supervision of medical staff.
C relatively flat parts or acupoints should be selected for moxibustion, and moxibustion cakes should be taken out and replaced in time to avoid burning the skin.
D, yin deficiency and excessive fire, allergic constitution, and pregnant women are forbidden to use aconite cake moxibustion.
3. Warm acupuncture
Warm acupuncture is a therapeutic method combining acupuncture and moxibustion. The correct method of warm acupuncture is to insert the needle into the acupoint first, and then pinch the pure moxa stick at the end of the needle after getting angry, or directly insert a moxa stick about 2 cm long at the end of the needle, and then light the moxa stick or moxa stick from above for moxibustion. After burning the moxa stick or moxa stick, remove the ashes and take out the needle. Warm acupuncture needs professional operation, and it is not recommended for individuals to warm acupuncture by themselves.
4, moxa stick moxibustion
Moxibustion with moxa sticks is a method of making moxa sticks into moxa sticks for rescue. Moxibustion is to wrap moxa sticks into strips (cylindrical moxa sticks with a diameter of about cm and a length of about 26 cm) with cotton paper or mulberry paper. Among them, moxa sticks without powder are called green moxa sticks, and those with some Chinese medicine powder are called medicinal moxa sticks. Smokeless moxa sticks can be seen at present. The most commonly used method of moxa stick moxibustion is to hang the moxa stick at a certain height from the acupuncture point for fumigation, so that the lighted end of the moxa stick does not directly contact the skin, which is also called hanging moxibustion or hanging moxibustion. Hanging moxibustion mainly includes mild moxibustion, rotary moxibustion and bird pecking moxibustion.
(1) mild moxibustion
When moxibustion is applied, one end of the moxa stick is lit, aiming at the acupoint or the affected part, about 2-3 cm (one inch) away from the skin and limbs, and smoked to make the part feel warm and not burning. Generally, moxibustion lasts for 5- 10 minutes until the skin turns red. This moxibustion method is characterized by constant and continuous temperature, which has the effect of warming meridians and dispelling cold for local qi and blood stagnation, and is mainly used for moxibustion treatment of wind-cold arthralgia and chronic diseases.
(2) Rotating moxibustion
Rotating moxibustion, also known as ironing moxibustion, keeps the lighted end of moxa sticks at a certain distance (about one inch) from the skin of acupoints, but the position of moxa sticks is not fixed, but moves in parallel or repeatedly, so it is appropriate to have a warm blush locally without burning pain. The characteristic of this moxibustion method is that the temperature changes from cool to warm, which can not only dispel the local pain of qi and blood block, but also promote the circulation of qi and blood in meridians. It is mainly used for treating rheumatic pain, soft tissue injury and dermatosis in a large area.
(3) bird pecking moxibustion
When bird pecking moxibustion is applied, the lighting end of the moxa stick is not fixed at a certain distance from the skin of the moxibustion site, but moxibustion is applied up and down like a bird pecking. The frequency is mostly pecking with the rhythm of breathing. Generally, moxibustion can last about 0/5-20 minutes. This moxibustion method is characterized by alternating cold and heat, which has a strong stimulating effect on the functions of acupoints and meridians, and is suitable for moxibustion to treat acute diseases, distal pain and visceral diseases.
5, warm moxibustion moxibustion
Warm moxibustion apparatus, also known as moxibustion apparatus, is a kind of apparatus specially used for moxibustion. The method of moxibustion with warm moxibustion apparatus is called warm moxibustion apparatus moxibustion. There are two kinds of commonly used moxibustion box and moxibustion tubes, which are easily available in the market.
When moxibustion is applied, the moxa sticks, moxa sticks or medicines are ignited and put into a warm moxibustion apparatus, and the warm moxibustion apparatus is covered and placed at the acupuncture point or part to be moxibustion, so that the moxibustion can be moved back and forth, or it can be partially fixed for ironing moxibustion. Generally, moxibustion lasts 15-20 minutes until the skin at the moxibustion site is ruddy and warm. This method has the functions of harmonizing qi and blood, warming middle warmer and dispelling cold. Warm moxibustion is safe and convenient to use, and all people who need moxibustion treatment can use it. It is most suitable for children, women and people who are afraid of moxibustion treatment, and it is an ideal method for self and family health care.