Zhang Guangzhi
Director of Water Resources Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs
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I. Introduction
Taiwan Province Province seems to have a lot of water resources, but limited by natural and geographical conditions, less than 22% of them can be developed and utilized. Judging from the present situation, the average annual water consumption in Taiwan Province Province varies with the annual rainfall, ranging from 6543.8+0.75 billion tons to 6543.8+0.95 billion tons. For a long time, the water consumption structure has maintained the most registered use of agricultural water rights, ranging from 654.38+0.3 billion tons to 654.38+0.5 billion tons, accounting for 74% of the total water consumption; People's livelihood and industrial water account for 26%. Throughout the history of industrial development in China, per capita GNP was only 196 USD in192, with industrial structure agriculture accounting for 32.2% and industry and service industry accounting for 67.8%. By 1998, per capita GNP was $ GNP 13000, industrial structure agriculture shrank to 2.4%, and industry and service industry increased to 97.6%. We know from the changes of water use structure and industrial structure that the water right of agricultural water has been held by irrigation and water conservancy associations for a long time, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust the efficiency of water resources in line with the transformation of industrial structure. In fact, if 10% of the water used for agriculture can be released by means of distribution or saving, it can provide other targets of1300 million tons, which is equivalent to three and a half emerald reservoirs, which can save hundreds of billions of development water resources and increase the competitiveness of industrial development. If the annual output value can be created according to the ton of water consumption, the electronic semiconductor wafer factory is 13.9 times that of the steel plant, 9.9 times that of the petrochemical plant and 22 times that of the fruit pulp plant. Looking forward to the future, it is the general trend to balance the development of "public wealth" and "economic wealth" of water and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources under the highly industrialized development of the country.
Second, the development and evolution of water conservancy in Taiwan Province Province
The development of water conservancy in Taiwan Province Province started with agricultural irrigation. North? Develop Gong Zhen, Babao Town in the middle and Jian 'an Town in the south, and irrigate farmland with water to lay the foundation for the future industrial development of Taiwan Province Province. 100 years ago, after Borden Barton established the first tap water source in Danshui, England, that is, 1899, the tap water industry also flourished. In addition, the development of water resources and the utilization of hydropower in Dajiaxi Valley have trained many outstanding engineering talents for the water resources development planning in Taiwan Province Province, and laid a solid foundation for water conservancy.
According to Article 3 of the current Water Conservancy Law, water conservancy projects refer to activities such as artificially controlling or using surface water or groundwater for flood control, moisture prevention, irrigation, drainage, alkali washing, soil and water conservation, water storage, siltation, water supply, harbor construction, convenient water transportation and hydraulic development. Article 13 stipulates that if the government starts a water conservancy project and the beneficiaries directly bear the cost, they can apply to the competent authority for approval to set up a water conservancy association. Article 14 stipulates that people can organize water conservancy companies according to law after approval by the competent authorities. Article 84 stipulates that the government may levy water rights fees for the development and maintenance of water conservancy. Article 89 stipulates that water conservancy projects may be charged according to users' usage. The maximum and minimum fees mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be drawn up by the competent authority and submitted to the higher competent authority for approval. In addition, there is a special chapter on the establishment of water conservancy in the Water Conservancy Law, from articles 46 to 63, to assist in the establishment and management of water conservancy. As can be seen from the provisions of the Water Conservancy Law, the law itself has considerable flexibility, which can be run by the people or the government. However, the water conservancy development in Taiwan Province Province in the past 40 years has focused on basic projects such as water source development and flood control, which belongs to the work of "eliminating floods", requiring huge funds and time, and the degree of non-governmental participation is low. Today, the water conservancy infrastructure has been completed, the past water source development has reached saturation, and the basic flood control industry has been completed. However, water resources are also facing a new wave of challenges: improper use of water has caused serious water pollution, and the high economic development has also led to increasingly serious water competition; At the same time, the social demand for improving the environment and quality of life is increasing day by day, and social groups attach importance to the sustainable management of the ecological environment. Scientific and technological innovation can improve water quality and water use efficiency, making the water conservancy cause change to "building water conservancy".
Internationally, with the unremitting efforts of advanced countries, aquatic products have become a trend. Every year, relevant trade fairs or international seminars are held around the world, forming a broad market and becoming the most important force outside the government to maintain the earth's ecological environment and sustainable development. Taiwan Province Province is in the transitional stage of establishing new universal values by the alternation of old and new regimes, which is suitable for the new opportunity of water conservancy transformation and aquaculture.
Three. Development trend of international aquaculture
In 2 1 century, water is becoming a scarce commodity. This year (2000), the United Nations held a meeting of the World Water Forum in the Netherlands, which specifically warned that in the second 1 century, there will be1billion people without safe water to drink and use, and 2 billion people without proper sanitation facilities. Due to the increase of population, water resources are increasingly in short supply. In 2000, the global population exceeded 6 billion, with Asia accounting for 60%. It is predicted that by 2025, the global population will increase to 8 billion, which will create more cities and industries, more water demand and more water pollution. * * * It has become an urgent task for all countries in the world to cherish water resources, improve the utilization mode of water resources and improve the application efficiency of water resources.
According to MGCC (Made Chamber of Commerce and Industry) 1998 global environmental goods and services survey, the global environmental industry market has reached 330 billion euros, of which North America accounts for 40%, the European Union accounts for 32%, Japan accounts for 19% and other countries account for 9%. From the perspective of industrial structure, garbage disposal accounts for 80%, and its reclaimed water treatment accounts for 39%. It is predicted that by 20 10, the growth rate of global environmental industry has the greatest potential in Southeast Asia, Chinese mainland and Central and Eastern Europe. In other words, the early establishment of aquaculture in China will have a promising market prospect.
The definition of aquaculture in the world is not clear, but according to the exhibition theme of international aquaculture trade exhibition, it can be roughly divided into three categories: wastewater, drinking water and process water, including all kinds of software and hardware services and manufacturing, such as pipeline systems, pumps and valves and other electromechanical equipment, water storage equipment, water treatment equipment, water-saving equipment and membrane filtration.
Aquaculture in Taiwan Province Province can be developed.
According to the broad definition of aquaculture in the world, domestic folks have reached a considerable scale in the fields of wastewater treatment, drinking water, process water, etc., but if they want to integrate into an industrial system that is conducive to playing a role and competing with the international market, they still need the joint efforts of the government and folks to establish the following understanding:
1. To promote the formation of domestic aquaculture, the people have always been ahead, and there is no clear "construction" of the government's industrial policy at this stage.
Establish an industrial proposition of recycling resources, integrate production, politics and research resources, and encourage people to actively invest.
2. Aquaculture in China lacks detailed market investigation and intelligence collection, so it is difficult to make a comprehensive evaluation.
3. The domestic government still regards water as a "service" role, ignoring the "economy" of water, resulting in more allocation of water resources.
Replacing "market price function" with "political operation" leads to rigid use and low efficiency.
4. In China, the development, utilization, management and distribution of water are dominated by government departments, which overemphasize "eliminating water hazards" and neglect "promoting".
Water conservancy ",so that private forces are difficult to invest.
1997, Chinese mainland promulgated the "Policy Outline for the Development of Water Conservancy Industry", which has detailed provisions on the policy direction, development priorities and specific measures to promote the water conservancy industry, and is worth learning from. Although there is no similar upper-level policy guidance in China at this stage, in the national blueprint of green silicon island actively created by the Executive Yuan, the "knowledge economy development plan" has a preliminary policy: "promoting resource recovery (including reservoir sludge), recycling people's livelihood and industrial water, and promoting knowledge-related industries such as seawater desalination." And asked the relevant ministries and commissions to formulate implementation plans to promote. However, to really promote the project, we must first understand the development status of foreign countries and the current domestic environment. We would like to put forward some preliminary views on the development direction of domestic aquaculture market:
Private tap water supply
On September 2 1999 and 2 1, Chi-Chi earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale occurred, which caused serious damage to the tap water supply system in Taichung County and Nantou County. Shigangba, which supplies tap water in Taichung, was seriously damaged by the dislocation of faults, and the dense tap water pipeline was broken like a soft heart because it was buried underground. From the experience of emergency rescue of water supply after the earthquake, the drinking water supply of residents in the disaster area depends on rich packaged drinking water supply, replacing most of the pipeline water supply, making the drinking water supply safe and greatly reducing the probability of infectious diseases caused by lack of clean and hygienic drinking water in the disaster area.
From this realistic example, people can't help but think that Taiwan Province Province has great differences in topography, high earthquake potential risk and different water sources. For a long time, it has been the best way for the island's tap water supply to be handled by Taiwan Province Water Supply Company or Taipei Water Supply Office? However, residents living in remote mountainous areas can only drink mountain spring water or simple tap water, while residents restricted by the protection of water source areas can't enjoy the convenience of tap water, resulting in the benefits of upstream restricted downstream of water source areas, but they can't give consideration to fairness and justice. And Gao Ping has been buying water for a long time. Why? Through the analysis of the investment cost and benefit of the internal operation of the water supply company, it is pointed out that the personnel cost is too high, the water leakage rate is high, and the investment debt is as high as nearly 50 billion yuan, further pointing out that our water supply business is not ideal.
Judging from the evolution experience of international tap water supply, with the improvement of people's requirements for quality of life, it is also reflected in the increasing demand for water supply. The government must spend more money to improve it, but does the government have that much money to invest all the time? Obviously, this is very difficult. Therefore, it has become a common practice in many developed countries to leave tap water supply to the private sector for professional service and management, and to absorb private funds instead of government expenditure. Now this trend has also spread to Asian countries with large population and insufficient water conservancy infrastructure, and the government is unable to pay huge funds for water quality improvement. For example, water supply in major cities in Chinese mainland, Malaysian, Philippine, Indonesian, Singaporean and other countries is operated by private operators, and remarkable achievements have been made in urban water supply for people's livelihood. In addition to effectively reducing the government's public construction expenditure cost and financial burden, it can also maintain the balance of income and expenditure or even surplus of tap water operation, and also provide the people with the advantage of high-quality drinking water. However, the overall privatization of tap water is difficult to advance in China, mainly because the shareholders of tap water companies are mostly local governments, and it is difficult to distinguish property rights. Therefore, it is suggested that local "professional outsourcing" can be carried out in the following directions to improve operational performance:
1. Establish a bottled water supply system:
According to the geographical characteristics of the region, parallel water supply by packaging and pipelines is implemented, and the tap water business is diversified, and private management is entrusted to provide services with different water quality and different prices. It can not only dispatch water supply immediately with the greatest mobility when a disaster occurs, improve the utilization efficiency of water sources, but also greatly reduce the operating cost of tap water.
2. Professional outsourcing management of water supply and distribution system:
A perfect water supply and distribution system should not only update the pipeline regularly to reduce water leakage, but also include the integration of water supply and distribution management, water pressure regulation, pipeline inspection and leakage detection, automatic water meter technology, meter reading monitoring management and so on. However, there is still a lack of systematic, informational and scientific application in China. However, with the advantages of domestic information technology and application, the information outsourcing management of water supply transmission and distribution system has development potential. Take Fukuoka City Government of Japan as an example, the management of tap water supply and distribution in this city is divided into six parts, namely, information management of upper waterway, residents' corresponding business, planning business, operation management business, planning fortifications corresponding business and emergency corresponding business, which are entrusted by private professionals, through automatic monitoring, systematization and informatization. Commissioned management companies use many sensors to establish a complete and easy-to-interpret decision-making management system, which only needs a small amount of manpower and can complete urban water management and dispatching through a large monitoring panel. Because of the good effect, the leakage rate of tap water in Fukuoka City is less than 6%, while that in China is still as high as 30%.
(B) the establishment of quality water supply system
A high degree of urbanization will increase the amount of urban domestic sewage. According to the investigation results of water pollution index of Academia Sinica, with the development of urbanization in the future, domestic sewage discharge will become the biggest pollution source. On the other hand, we think, why can't urban domestic sewage be treated as another water supply? In Japan, tap water used by various buildings is collected through sewers for water collection treatment, then stored in water tanks and supplied to buildings in this area for non-drinking purposes through water distribution facilities. In Japan, it is called the intermediate waterway system.
China's efforts to promote the establishment of the middle waterway system are not complete due to laws and regulations, and the penetration rate of sewer construction in the province is only 6.7%, which has caused the biggest obstacle to the promotion of urban domestic sewage recycling. At present, it is only promoted in closed areas (such as schools, institutions and hospitals). ) Use the sewage treatment equipment in China. The Water Conservancy Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has subsidized Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung Sun Yat-sen University, Taipei Dazhi Junior High School, Municipal Zoo, Taipei County Sanzhi Primary School, Hualien Tzu Chi Meritorious Association and other official schools to install water supply systems with different quality. These official schools have achieved remarkable results in water use, which shows that the utilization of reclaimed water has development potential. The Architectural Services Department has amended Regulation 49 of the Building Technical Regulations to require all new buildings to be equipped with sewage treatment facilities to treat all domestic sewage except sewage connected to sewers (1, 1988). At present, there are two ways to set up building sewage treatment facilities: "on-site construction" or "prefabricated products". The products of prefabricated building sewage treatment facilities must be approved and registered by the Construction Department of the Ministry of Interior and the Environmental Protection Bureau. According to the statistics of the Environmental Protection Agency, so far, 47 manufacturers have produced 396 products. In the future, if the relevant laws and regulations on entrusting private management of water treatment systems can be incorporated into the current legal system through legislative procedures; At the same time, speeding up the construction of urban sewers and reaching the goal of 30% penetration rate in the whole province within four years will be quite attractive to private investment.
(3) Promoting water service companies
Water comes from the whole process of development, transportation and terminal supply, which requires all kinds of software design and hardware equipment assembly. These hardware equipment and equipment include pipelines and spare parts, instruments and meters, automatic control and communication and information systems, water control equipment (such as water-saving equipment), water purification filter materials (such as RO membrane) and so on. Domestic manufacturers have put into mass production. According to the survey of water demand in Hsinchu Science Park, the information and electronics industry in Taiwan Province Province has an increasingly high demand for general water or high-purity water for the manufacturing process. Most of the ultrapure water that China needed before was imported from Japan. In recent years, some domestic manufacturers have imported technology from Japan to produce ultra-pure water. Now it is not only used in science parks, but also exported to Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia. At the same time, the high concentration wastewater produced in the treatment process has become more and more important. However, the high demand for water and high wastewater in high-tech industries also provide development opportunities for water companies. In order to improve energy efficiency, Britain first launched the so-called "energy service company" to provide energy-saving countermeasures for manufacturers, and then provided 50% of the energy savings to the energy service company. After the introduction of the system, remarkable results have been achieved. The same concept can also be applied to industrial water saving. According to more than 100 industrial water-saving counseling commissioned by the Water Conservancy Bureau, China's industrial water-saving and recycling potential is very great, and water companies have a considerable market to promote. In addition, in water treatment, such as water treatment agents, microbial agents, water treatment equipment and so on. With the promotion of environmental awareness, the promotion of international ISO certification, the strict wastewater discharge standards of the Environmental Protection Bureau and the implementation of the Regulations on Promoting Industrial Upgrading, the company has invested in equipment or technologies such as resource recovery, pollution prevention, energy conservation and industrial water reuse, and the expenditure amount is within the range of 5% to 20%, and the income tax of profit-making enterprises has been reduced or exempted within five years.
(4) Reservoir sediment regeneration.
There are more than 70 large and small reservoirs in Taiwan Province Province, with an annual running water volume of 4 billion tons, 90% of which are provided by Shimen, Emerald, Zengwen, Wushan and other 18 reservoirs. Reservoirs are mostly built in deep mountains and canyons. Once dams are built to store water, catchments naturally form. However, when the sloping land in the catchment area is affected by climatic factors such as rainfall or geological and topographic factors, siltation will occur, resulting in the decrease of reservoir capacity year by year. Reservoir siltation affects the storage of water and reduces the supply capacity of water. It is necessary to promote the recovery of reservoir capacity by "dredging and restoring storage capacity". The key to reservoir dredging is the recycling of sludge to avoid secondary pollution. However, due to the different sludge components of each reservoir, some of them have high sludge content and some have heavy organic components, which increases the difficulty of treatment. At present, advanced countries have quite mature technology and experience in sludge removal and recycling after solidification. The solidified and sintered sludge can be used for kiln brick, paving, lightweight aggregate, land improvement, flower cultivation and other purposes. In China, more enthusiastic people have developed a patent for the reuse of reservoir sludge after solidification by themselves or jointly with academic circles. If technology can be used to turn reservoir silt into a recyclable resource and a material source of building aggregate, it will create a win-win situation of reservoir silt-free, aggregate-free and environmental improvement. Promotion suggestions are as follows:
1. Set reservoir sludge recovery area:
Removing reservoir siltation is a long-term and continuous work. Moreover, through physical or chemical treatment, these sludge can be used as new materials, so it can be called resource recycling industry. The existing bottleneck lies in the lack of "relay stations", which can be temporarily superimposed and reprocessed. It is suggested that the setting method of "reservoir sludge recovery and reuse area" can be formulated with reference to the setting mode of "engineering spoil ground", so as to reward private operators to invest in the establishment of treatment sites that meet the international ISO environmental certification, and the government should fully assist operators to set up recovery channels, which is conducive to the development of reservoir sludge recovery and reuse industry.
2. Promote "green building" legislation:
After treatment and reuse, reservoir sludge can be widely used in building firewalls and lightweight concrete. In view of the fact that advanced countries have formulated relevant laws and regulations on "green building" to promote the recycling of resources, the effect is good. In order to encourage the construction of energy-saving, resource-saving and low-pollution green buildings and create a comfortable, healthy and environmentally friendly living environment, the Ministry of the Interior has formulated three design concepts: comfort, natural harmony and health and environmental protection. Since 2000, the label of "green building" has been issued, and the building with this label symbolizes that it has passed the greening of the base, water conservation, daily electricity conservation and water resources conservation. In order to promote the trend of green buildings, the Ministry of the Interior and the Public Works Committee of the Executive Yuan have reached an understanding that public buildings of the central government with a project cost of more than 50 million yuan must be qualified for green building construction. This new measure is expected to be implemented in June next year at 65438+ 10 1.
At present, the promotion of green building is still in the primary stage, and legal procedures have not been established to enforce it. It can be predicted that once the number of public and private buildings with green building signs reaches a certain level, legislation will be promoted to legalize them, which will have a "greening" impact on the urban landscape of Taiwan Province. In the future legislation, it is suggested that China can learn from the experience and legislative work of advanced countries in promoting green buildings in existing building-related laws and regulations, incorporate waste (materials) resource recycling into green building materials, and expand the scope of resource recycling; I also hope that the government can clearly stipulate laws to encourage the use of renewable resources in the government procurement law, and stipulate that the bidding for public works should clearly state that a certain proportion of recycled aggregate is used as the aggregate source, and it is a common behavior to induce resource recovery.
(5) Popularize rainwater storage and utilization.
Rainwater was not regarded as a valuable water resource in China in the past, so it was not used effectively. However, with the continuous growth of population and the trend of urban concentration in China, it has a considerable impact on water demand: on the one hand, urban water supply comes from far away, and it is not easy to allocate and manage water resources; On the other hand, the consequences of urbanization have greatly increased the surface runoff in urban areas and affected the functions of existing urban flood control and drainage facilities. Rainwater collected in the city can be used as an alternative water source for non-drinking water. At the same time, it can reduce the urban flood discharge load.
For the collection and utilization of urban rainwater, there is a water shortage project in Singapore, which collects urban runoff through the rainwater sewer system and temporarily stores it in the reservoir during the rainstorm or rainstorm. In addition, the Singapore government has set up rainwater collection systems in public institutions, schools, high-rise buildings, industrial areas and airports for non-drinking water. Take Singapore Changi Airport as an example. The runway and ancillary facilities cover an area of 530 hectares, and the collected water has been fully used for airport fire water, ground flushing water and toilet flushing. Moreover, because the airport is close to the seaside, the collected rainwater can also be used to prevent seawater from flowing backwards. In addition, Japan has spared no effort in promoting rainwater utilization. Take Fukuoka as an example, the so-called "Tianshui Zun" or "Ludi Zun" is widely used in homes and communities to store rainwater, which can be used for daily watering and car washing, and can be used as backup water in case of earthquake or fire emergency.
China has also made considerable achievements in promoting rainwater storage and utilization. The Water Conservancy Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has set up thousands of rainwater storage and collection barrels in the province, which can store nearly 90,000 tons of water and supply nearly 3 million tons of irrigation water every year. Taishi Zoo has set up several rainwater storage facilities, which can save nearly 1 10,000 yuan of water every year, and cooperate with Tzu Chi to rebuild the Hope Project in the 92/kloc-0 disaster area. In the future, rainwater storage and utilization can be further promoted in industrial areas, cities, airports and buildings to give play to the multiple functions of urban flood control and disaster reduction, fire fighting and washing and utilization.
(6) promoting seawater desalination
The international research and development and commercial application of seawater desalination technology can be divided into four types: distillation, membrane, freezing and solar evaporation. Among them, distillation has the highest market share, close to 56%, followed by reverse osmosis, which is 40%. At present, the technologies of Europe, America and Japan are the most mature in the application and development of seawater refined fresh water. The daily output of Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Kuwait) is 9 million tons, that of the United States is 3 million tons and that of Japan is 750,000 tons. In Europe, Spain has 530,000 tons and Italy has 520,000 tons. The produced seawater is used for 80% of people's livelihood water, 15% of industrial water, 3% of power plant water and 2% of military and other water.
In neighboring Singapore, there is no water source of its own, and long-term dependence on neighboring Malaysia for water supply has created obstacles to the country's economic development and political relations with neighboring countries. As the new country is close to the sea, it is planned to use this huge resource, and it is planned to produce 450,000 tons of desalinated water every day in 20 10. In China, the plan to build a seawater desalination plant started late, mainly because the government took care of the lives of residents in outlying islands, and the scale of water production was not large. For example, there are 3,000 tons of seawater desalination plants in Penghu County, 2,000 tons in kinmen county and 500 tons in Lianjiang County. In the future, hundreds of tons of seawater desalination plants will be built in line with the water resources development plan of outlying islands. However, these existing desalination plants are all designed by reverse osmosis; Secondly, in order to provide nuclear power generation, the scale is too small to form an economic scale.
Seawater desalination is an alternative water source worth popularizing. The impact of seawater desalination plants on the environment mainly lies in the discharge of brine. Drainage roads can be properly planned according to the local situation to minimize the ecological impact on the sea area. However, there is no precedent for building a large seawater desalination plant in China. It is suggested that the water conservancy and environmental protection authorities should collect foreign review procedures as soon as possible and formulate environmental impact assessment operations for the construction of seawater desalination plants in China. In addition, it is suggested that the Executive Yuan should support the development of alternative water resources when handling the "policy environmental assessment" of water resources. As for the operation mode of seawater desalination plant, based on the constitutional provision of "water is owned by the state", it is suggested that public or private (BOT or BOO) ways can be adopted to encourage the establishment of the industry, and the reward should be based on the "Citizen Participation in Public Construction Law".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Aquaculture is still a new industry in the initial stage in China. Although the development of water-related undertakings in China has a long history, it is difficult to stimulate its kinetic energy and create economic benefits because the development of water-related undertakings is based on the hardware built by the public and the scope of non-governmental participation is narrow. Driven by the global sustainable development trend and tide, the economic value of aquatic products will become more and more obvious in the new century. How to create a development space for people to do is an unshirkable task for the government to promote water conservancy.
In recent years, the annual turnover of domestic beverage market has exceeded 40 billion. Among them, water drinks have a double-digit growth. It shows that "water is a commodity" has been generally accepted by the public. On this basis, how to provide services for people's livelihood, agriculture, industry and service industries whose annual water consumption exceeds 654.38+0.7 billion tons is the second key task of building water conservancy industry. Finally, it is suggested that the government support the establishment of non-profit organizations such as consortia and associations. As a bridge between Industry-University-Research, it catalyzes the all-round development of water conservancy industry. 1973, Japan's economic development faced two bottlenecks: water shortage and environmental protection, which needed to be solved jointly by the government and the people. At that time, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan invited 80 local autonomous organizations (365,438+0) supplying industrial water, industrial water users' groups (65,438+065,438+0), water-making related industrial groups (24), financial institutions (9 banks) and damage insurance (5 societies). * * * Together with the investment of more than 65.438+0.4 billion yen * * and the establishment of consortium-type experimental research institutions, the Water Reuse Promotion Center (WRPC) is engaged in the promotion and research of wastewater treatment and recycling, rational water use technology research and development, seawater desalination technology research and development, and international exchanges and cooperation; The Ministry of Construction set up the "River Information Center", a consortium legal person, to add value to the hydrological observation data collected from the Ministry of Construction and provide it to different demanders at a certain price. Nowadays, due to the Japanese government's active promotion of the establishment of consortia in different fields, a highly specialized, cooperative and information-based management environment has been formed in various industries in Japan, which is worth learning from in China.
It is an inevitable trend and result to pursue a high-quality living environment and establish a professional and service-oriented division of labor society and industrial environment. Look forward to the establishment of water conservancy industry by all walks of life.