The standard name of "Mouse" should be "mouse" and the English name is "mouse", which has a history of 38 years since it appeared. The use of the mouse is to make the operation of the computer easier, not the tedious instructions of the keyboard.
Mouse interface type: According to the interface type, there are three types of mice: serial mouse, PS/2 mouse and bus mouse. Serial mouse is connected to the computer through serial port, and there are two kinds of 9-pin interface and 25-pin interface. The PS/2 mouse is connected to the computer through a six-pin mini DIN interface, which is similar to the interface of the keyboard. Pay attention to the distinction when using it. The interface of the bus mouse is on the bus interface card.
How the mouse works:
The mouse can be divided into mechanical mouse and photoelectric mouse according to its working principle. The mechanical mouse is mainly composed of a rolling ball, a roller column and a grating signal sensor. When you drag the mouse, it drives the ball to rotate, and the ball drives the roller column to rotate. The photoelectric pulse signal generated by the grating signal sensor installed at the end of the roller column reflects the displacement change of the mouse in the vertical and horizontal directions, and then the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen is controlled through the processing and conversion of the computer program. The photoelectric mouse device converts the displacement signal into an electric pulse signal by detecting the displacement of the mouse, and then controls the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen through the processing and conversion of the program. Optical mouse uses photoelectric sensor instead of rolling ball. This kind of sensor needs a special pad with stripes or dot patterns.
In addition, the mouse can be divided into two-button mouse, pc mouse, wheel mouse and induction mouse according to its shape. The left and right keys of the two-button mouse and the three-button mouse mark have the same function. In general, we don't need the middle key of the three-key mouse, but this key will also play some roles when using some special software (such as AutoCAD). Roller mouse and induction mouse are widely used in notebook computers. Turn the ball in the middle of the mouse in different directions, or move your finger on the sensor board, and the cursor will move in the corresponding direction. When the cursor reaches the predetermined position, click the mouse or the sensor board to perform the corresponding function.
Wireless mouse and 3D mouse: The new wireless mouse and 3D vibrating mouse are relatively novel mice. Wireless mouse is produced to adapt to large screen display. The so-called "wireless" means that there is no wired connection, but two No.7 batteries are used for wireless remote control. The mouse has automatic sleep function, the battery can be used for one year, and the receiving range is within 1.8 meters. 3D vibrating mouse is a new type of mouse. It can not only be used as an ordinary mouse, but also has the following characteristics:
(1) has omni-directional stereo control capability. It has six moving directions: front, back, left, right, up and down, which can be combined.
(2) The appearance is different from that of an ordinary mouse. It generally consists of a fan-shaped base and a movable controller.
(3) It has vibration function, that is, tactile feedback function. When playing some games, you will feel the mouse shake when you are hit by the enemy.
(4) It is the real pc mouse. Whether in DOS or Windows environment, the middle button and right button of the mouse are of great use.
The difference between four kinds of mouse:
Optical mouse: On the basis of pure mechanical mouse, optical technology is introduced to improve the positioning accuracy of the mouse. Like a mechanical mouse, an optical mouse has a colloidal ball connected to the X axis and the Y axis. The difference is that the optical mouse no longer has a circular decoding wheel, but two grating code disks with grating slits, and light-emitting diodes and photosensitive chips are added. When the mouse moves on the desktop, the rolling ball will drive the two grating code disks of the X and Y rotating shafts to rotate, and the light emitted by the X and Y light emitting diodes will shine on the grating code disks. Because there is a grating gap in the grating code disk, the light emitted by the diode can directly illuminate the probe composed of two photosensitive chips through the grating gap at an appropriate time. If an optical signal is received, the photosensitive chip will generate a "1" signal, and if no optical signal is received, it will be designated as a "0" signal. Next, these signals are sent to a special control chip to generate corresponding coordinate offset and determine the position of the cursor on the screen.
Optical mouse: there is no wheel at the bottom, so there is no need to use a reflector to achieve positioning. Its core components are light emitting diode, miniature camera, optical engine and control chip. When working, the LED illuminates the surface at the bottom of the mouse, and at the same time, the micro camera continuously takes pictures at a certain time interval. The different images generated by the mouse in the moving process are transmitted to the optical engine for digital processing, and finally the digital matrix analysis of the generated images is carried out by the positioning DSP chip in the optical engine. Because two adjacent images always have the same characteristics, the moving direction and distance of the mouse can be judged by comparing the position change information of these characteristic points, and this analysis result is finally converted into coordinate offset to locate the cursor.
Mechanical mouse: There is no mutually perpendicular flaky round wheel at the bottom, but a colloidal ball that can roll in four directions. When the ball rolls, it will drive a pair of rotating shafts (X axis and Y axis respectively). There is a circular decoding wheel at the end of each rotating shaft, and a metal conductive sheet is attached to the decoding wheel, which is in direct contact with the brush. When the rotating shaft rotates, these metal conductive sheets will contact the brushes in turn, and there will be two forms of "on" or "off", the former corresponding to the binary number "1" and the latter corresponding to the binary number "0". Next, these binary signals are sent to a special chip inside the mouse for parsing and generating corresponding coordinate change signals. As long as the mouse moves on the plane, the ball will drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thus changing the on-off situation of the decoding wheel and generating groups of different coordinate offsets, which are reflected on the screen, that is, the cursor can move with the movement of the mouse.
Optical mouse: With the development of optical mouse, a digital optical mouse without mechanical structure appeared. The original intention of designing this photoelectric mouse is to improve the accuracy of the mouse to a new level, so that it can fully meet the needs of professional applications. This photoelectric mouse has no traditional design such as rolling ball and rotating shaft, and its main components are two light-emitting diodes, a photosensitive chip, a control chip and a reflective plate with grid (equivalent to a special mouse pad). When working, the optical mouse must move on the reflector, and the X LED and the Y LED will respectively emit light to illuminate the reflector, and then the light will be reflected by the reflector and irradiated on the photosensitive chip after passing through the lens group. The photosensitive chip converts optical signals into corresponding digital signals, which are sent to the positioning chip for special processing, thus generating X-Y coordinate offset data.
This kind of photoelectric mouse has indeed made some progress in accuracy index, but it has exposed a lot of defects in its later application. First of all, the optical mouse must rely on the reflector, and its position data is generated completely according to the grid information in the reflector. If the reflector is dirty or worn, the optical mouse will not be able to determine the position of the cursor. If the reflector is seriously damaged or lost, then the whole mouse will be scrapped; Secondly, the use of optical mouse is very inhuman, and its moving direction must be perpendicular to the grid texture on the reflection board, so it is impossible for the user to move the cursor directly from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the screen; Thirdly, the cost of optical mouse is quite high, and the price of several hundred yuan is not big today, but in those days people were only willing to pay about 20 yuan for the mouse, so the high price of optical mouse seems unreasonable. Due to a large number of shortcomings, this kind of optical mouse has not been popularized, at best, it has only been applied to a certain extent in a few professional drawing occasions, but with the comprehensive popularization of optical mouse, this kind of optical mouse was quickly eliminated by the market.
Milestone of mouse development:
. 1968, the prototype of the mouse was born;
198 1 year, the first commercial mouse was born, or a mechanical mouse, and a rolling ball mouse appeared;
1983, Logitech invented the first optical mechanical mouse, which became the industry standard in the future;
In the early 1980s, the first generation of optical mouse appeared, which required a special mouse pad with a grid. The high cost limited its application scope.
. 1999, Microsoft and Agilent jointly released the IntelliEye optical engine and the first optical mouse.
196865438+On February 9th, the world's first mouse was born in Stanford University, California, USA. Its inventor is Dr. douglas engelbart. The original intention of Dr. Englebart in designing the mouse is to make the operation of the computer easier, rather than the tedious instructions of the keyboard. The mouse he made is a small wooden box. The working principle is that the ball at the bottom of the mouse drives the pivot to rotate, which drives the rheostat to change the resistance to generate displacement signals. After the signal is processed by the computer, the cursor on the screen will move. Since then, the mouse and PC have formed an indissoluble bond that is difficult to express in words.
Since the computer came into being, the keyboard has been with it and has been playing the role of the main input device. Typing with a keyboard is really good, but when it is used to move the cursor, it shows its limitations. So, Engelbert, who works in NASA and deals with computers all day, had a bold idea-can he use the "point control" method instead of typing on the keyboard?
After years of hard work, in 1982, Engelbert's idea finally came true: a product named "vertical and horizontal movement indicator of cursor position in display system" came out. It has two functions, one is to control the movement of the cursor on the screen, and the other is to replace the enter key. However, its name is too long to be called.
One day, in the laboratory where Engelbert worked, an "indicator showing the vertical and horizontal movement of the cursor position of the system" fell off the computer desk. Because it is connected to the host computer, it hangs in the air and looks like a mouse with a long tail from the side. This scene inspired Engelbert, so the name "mouse" was given to the "indicator that shows the vertical and horizontal movement of the cursor position of the system". When the computer input device "mouse" was used in China, people translated it as "mouse", which appropriately reflected the appearance and function of this device.
The mouse was invented by DouglasEngelbart in 1964. At that time, douglas engelbart worked at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), an institution sponsored by Stanford University. Douglas Engelbart has long been thinking about how to make the operation of the computer easier, and what means to replace the tedious instructions entered by the keyboard.
In the early 1960s, when attending a meeting, he took out a notebook (not a laptop) that he carried with him and drew a sketch of a device that used two wheels with vertical bottoms to track actions, which was the prototype of the mouse. 1964, douglas engelbart perfected the idea of this device again and made the first finished product. Therefore, douglas engelbart is also called "the father of mice".
At that time, there was no name "mouse". This new device is a small wooden box with two rollers but only one button. Its working principle is that the roller drives the shaft to rotate, the rheostat changes the resistance, and the change of the resistance produces a displacement signal, and the cursor indicating the position on the screen can move after being processed by the computer.
Douglas engelbart and his colleagues nicknamed the device "Mouse" in the laboratory because it dragged a long line like a mouse (like a mouse's tail). At that time, he also thought that the mouse might be widely used in the future, so when he applied for a patent, he named it "X-Y position indicator of display system", but people thought the name "mouse" was more friendly, so he got "mouse".