MDA (ModelDriven Architecture) can be understood as China Mobile mobile phone desktop assistant software, which is suitable for many mobile phone players; it can also be understood as Model Driven Architecture (ModelDriven Architecture), which is a software development defined by OMG frame. Basic introduction Chinese name: MDA Foreign name: ModelDriven Architecture Meaning: China Mobile mobile desktop assistant software nature: software development framework main features, rates, related companies, business scope, received data, related departments, company management, modification approval, model-driven architecture , steps, prerequisites for use, advantages, disadvantages, problems, adapter, dealer, malondialdehyde, production principle, measurement principle, experimental method, minimum detectable activity, civil aviation abbreviation, main features Obtain mail from MTA and transmit it to mail The recipient's mailbox. The common MDA is usually combined with MUA. MDA is the English abbreviation of China Mobile Mobile Desktop Assistant. It is a product launched by China Mobile to improve user services, including SMS, MMS, contact management, phone bill inquiry and other functions. software tools. China Mobile Mobile Desktop Assistant (MDA for short) is the latest communication software launched by China Mobile that integrates powerful functions such as SMS, MMS, contact management, and phone bill inquiry. Provide safe and stable SMS and MMS services; scheduled SMS transmission function; powerful MMS editing function; endlessly creative MMS text; simple and fast address book management; convenient user phone bill inquiry, etc. The Mobile Desktop Assistant takes advantage of the personal computer to free you from the mobile phone terminal. You don’t have to work hard to type one by one on the mobile phone. You don’t have to worry about the pictures on the phone being unable to be edited and cropped. You don’t need to log in to the website to check the phone bill. Everything is handled by the Mobile Desktop Assistant. Help you complete it. China Mobile Mobile Desktop Assistant Figure 1 Users of China Mobile Global, M-Zone and China Travel (excluding Beijing, Beijing China Travel is temporarily unavailable) can register to use MDA. The MDA client software is free to use, without any monthly fees; ·Sending text messages: charged at 0.10 yuan/message; ·Receiving text messages: receiving text messages is free, and the reply party of the text message is charged according to the mobile brand's text message fee standard; ·Sending ordinary MMS messages : Charged at RMB 0.50/message (charged at RMB 0.30/message in Beijing, Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Anhui); ·Sending Fuwa MMS messages: charged at RMB 0.30/message. Environment: Chinese Windows 2000/Windows 2003/Windows Created by John MacDonald and Werner Detiler. MDA is one of the world's leading Earth observation satellite information companies, providing advanced information solutions to capture and process large amounts of data, improve decision-making and operational efficiency of business sectors and government agencies; solutions for delivering large amounts of information: Complex operating systems, personalized information services, electronic information products; business intelligence: data collection, processing and management, information extraction, release, and decision-making. It can be applied to agriculture, national defense, disaster management, geology, ice, forest, hydrology, wetland monitoring, mapping, etc. Its remote sensing data ground satellite receiving stations account for more than half of the world's total, and it dominates the RADARSAT project. It operates information product services and information systems services, with more than 3,000 employees in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, and more than 600 customers in more than 60 countries. Business scope: air traffic control equipment, flight data management system, meteorological information data processing system, satellite ground station. It mainly provides information solutions for financial services departments, supervision and smart departments. There are branches in the northwest and northeastern United States, Latin America, Europe/Middle East/Africa, southern, central and northeastern Asia, and Asia Pacific.
Agents: Geoffrey Morton & Associates (Queensland, Australia), Espatial Resources Sdn. Bhd. (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), SATCOM Technologies (Hyderabad, India), Technologoes France (RTF) (Provence, France), NIK Insaat Ticaret Ltd. Sti. ( Istanbul, Turkey), P.L.A.N., Inc. (California, USA), Nasrat Husseini Civil Engineer Consultants (NHCC) (Beirut, Lebanon) Sales Team: North America, Latin America, Europe/Middle East/Africa, Asia South, Central, Northeast, Asia Pacific region, worldwide aerial survey customers: Western Canadian Forest Service, McElhanney Consulting, Canadian Vexcel, Canadian Ice and Snow Information Service Center, ConocoPhillips, American EAST Jeppesen, USDA, Europe/Middle East/Africa Danish Meteorological Association, European Imagery (Italy), British Infoterra Company, British Qiiq Company, Australian Asia Pacific Coastal Observation, Southern/Central/Northeast Asian Space and Remote Sensing Research, Japanese Remote Sensing Center, etc. Receiving data receiving satellites: RADARSAT-2 (new in 2007), RADARSAT-1, QuickBird, EROS, LANDSAT 5, LANDSAT 7, ENVISAT, RESOURCESAT-1, IKONOS, ERS, IRS Airborne Imagery (ptical Imagery, LiDAR Imagery, Oblique Aerial Imagery & Viewing Sofare, Services, GSA Schedule) Relevant departments (1) Geospatial Services International Expert services: real-time road maps, tracking of illegal fishing and oil dumping, airport disaster mapping, urban land use Classification, offshore oil reserve detection, land and sea safety monitoring, wetland mapping, natural resource monitoring and management, subsidence mapping, topographic maps and 3D models. Regular services: rapid multi-lingual user service, 24-hour emergency service and satellite planning, real-time data transmission, rapid internal data processing and product production, training and technology transfer, project management, geographic information system application, networked decision support tool. MDA holds general distribution rights for RADARSAT-1 and RADARSAT-2 in Canada and will manage the summer 2007 launch of RADARSAT-2. RADARSAT-1 network station introduction: Mainly performs near real-time data transmission. Each ground station is certified by CSA and RSI and is connected to the network station, so users can obtain the latest RADARSAT-1 data information after 1-4 hours, which has been used for real-time monitoring around the world. Customers This near real-time processing and delivery service can be used to implement illegal fishing, monitoring of oil dumping vessels, navigation charts, disaster monitoring and mapping, etc. (2) Space Missions Current Earth observation missions: RADARSAT-2, RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), RapidEye Constellation, HERO; scientific research and information transfer: CASSIOPE; space surveillance: SAPPHIRE. Earth observation mission accomplished: RADARSAT-1; communications: MSAT, Alouette, Brasilsat, Anik D, Anik E, Hermes, SBTS; scientific research: ISIS.
(3) Geospatial Services US (MDA Federal Ltd.) employees include: foresters, agronomists, ecologists, wildlife scientists, geologists, geographers, meteorologists, computer scientists, physicists Scientists, photography experts, etc. More than 350 studies have been conducted in the fields of forestry, land use, environmental analysis, geographic information systems, military, mineral resource exploration, and agriculture. Provides weather and agricultural information services to 200 000 customers daily: digital imaging, environmental GIS, geology, weather, defence. Corporate Governance The company is governed by a board of directors and a corporate governance code is established to enhance management. The regulations are divided into four parts: Audit Committee Regulations, Human Resources and Compensation Management Committee Regulations, Management and Appointment Committee Regulations, Business Management and Directors' Code of Ethics. Now recruiting: Customer Service Representatives, Information Systems Specialists, Communications Specialists, International Sales, Contract Management, Merchandise Exports, Accounting, Project Management, Geographic Information Systems Technicians/Specialists, Technical Research; Offers: Competitive compensation and benefits, Registered Retirement Savings programs, career development opportunities, multicultural environment, company-sponsored social events. MDA provides users around the world with basic information solutions needed for decision-making. Employees enjoy a challenging career with opportunities for growth and learning, and it is an equal opportunity company. For modification approval, please refer to the relevant regulations of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. MDA has been applied in the following fields: *Banking industry *Insurance industry *Public enterprises (especially in the field of financial management) *Embedded systems *Logistics support systems. As you will see, MDA does play a role in this. Model-Driven Architecture Steps MDA process The implementation of MDA mainly focuses on the following three steps: 1. First, you use UML to conduct a highly abstract modeling of your application domain. This model has nothing to do with the technology (or underlying technology) that implements it. relation. We call this model the Platform Independent Model (PIM). 2 The PIM will then be converted into one or more Platform Dependent Models (PSM). This translation process is generally implemented automatically. PSM will describe your system using a specific implementation technology. It will use various architectures provided by this technology, such as EJB, database model, COM components, etc. 3 Finally, PSM will be translated into source code. Because each PSM already relies entirely on a specific technology, this step is generally relatively simple. The most difficult step in the MDA process is generating a PSM from the PIM. It requires you to have rich and solid knowledge of the basic technology you want to apply. On the other hand, the source model (PIM) must have enough information to automatically generate PSM. Generated through templates: MDA-light?! In the actual application of MDA, an easier implementation is through templates (we call it MDA-light). In this way, the platform-related model step can be said to be skipped, and you can directly generate source code from the highly abstract PIM. You will continue to do real programming based on MDA-light: you must write detailed application logic in source code, not UML. Premise of use * A widely accepted fact in the industry (and even the entire world) is that only change is eternal. Technology is always innovating. This is especially evident in the field of middleware, but of course database technology, operating systems, and even programming languages ??are constantly changing. These technologies are obviously changing faster than the basic concepts in the application field. * If you work in a specific application field, projects in this field will all have certain similarities. If an entire application family or different projects belong to the same application domain, then the MDA or build process will be particularly suitable for you. Advantages * Your investment in modeling will last longer - far longer than the technology you use to implement it. This will better protect your investment. * You gain technical flexibility. * You will no longer be affected by the different change cycles of technology or applications - with the help of MDA, you can maintain the diversity of both aspects neutrally. Disadvantages * MDA means more "assembly" than "development" - you have basically no technical wiggle room when building a PIM for an application. This is still unimaginable for many developers today.
* Creativity in software development has diminished to a certain extent. Developers often find it fascinating to debate a new technology and to work at the forefront of technology. However, under the MDA process, a lot of work is to build models, which is far from specific technology, but in line with OMG's recommendations. * Potential immaturity. UML2.0 is still in its infancy. MDA tools have also been around for a relatively short time. There are also many risks hidden here. Problems * Data and application migration: A problem often faced in the business field is how to migrate large amounts of data and applications to new, MDA-based systems. A pure MDA process would treat the data model and database table structure as technical details. They shouldn't have any impact on the Platform Independent Model (PIM) layer - so is your MDA tool or generator responsible for generating the repository scripts as well? *Software maintenance: Preparing different releases, patches or upgrades is an important part of maintaining currently running programs. How does MDA deal with these problems? Do a fresh install every time? * Return-on-Investment: What kind of environment and system should you start calculating? From the second project applying MDA? Or start from the fifth one? * Purchase software architecture or develop it yourself? * Generators and related tools create dependence on their manufacturers - a dependence on manufacturers that we have tried hard to avoid in the past. * Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): A high degree of abstraction, which sounds good - but how do you get this abstraction for an application system that is already running? As you can see - there are potentially many practical questions (all of which have important answers). These problems are why we created openMDA multiple displacement amplification: it can provide a highly uniform and complete whole genome sequence, ensure the lowest site amplification error, and make the product consistent with the genetic sequence information of the template. It is a true whole genome. amplification method. Since MDA was proposed by OMG (Object Management Group) in 2001, it "sneaks into the night with the wind and moisturizes things silently". There has been no vigorous publicity, but major manufacturers have been surprisingly consistent in following up. Regarding MDA The topic suddenly flourished on the Internet. In order to realize the grand idea of ??MDA, OMG has developed a series of standards: UML: UML is used by MDA to describe various models. It was not born for MDA, but as the most popular modeling language at present, UML has occupied 90% of the global market share in the field of modeling languages ??and has become the de facto standard for modeling languages. Therefore, OMG regards it as MDA technology. The foundation is a natural and wise choice. It is the foundation of MDA and its most powerful weapon. MOF: MOF (Meta Object Facility) is a higher level abstraction than UML. Its purpose is to describe extensions of UML or other UML-like modeling languages ??that may appear in the future. From this we can see the "ambition" of OMG. Although MOF was not born for MDA, we can appreciate the good intentions and long-term vision of OMG engineers. XMI: XMI (XML-based metadata Interchange) is an XML-based metadata exchange. It defines an XML-based data exchange format for various models through standardized XML document formats and DTDs (Document Type Definitions). This allows the model as a final product to be transferred across a variety of different tools, which is very important and ensures that MDA does not break one shackle and then add a new shackle. CWM: CWM (Common Warehouse Metamodel) provides a means of data format transformation. CWM can be used on any level model to describe the mapping rules between two data models, such as converting data Entities are transformed from the relational database into XML format. Under the framework of MOF, CWM makes a universal data model transformation engine possible.
In the OMG blueprint, a series of standards such as UML, MOF, XMI, and CWM respectively solve the problems of MDA model establishment, model expansion, model exchange, and model transformation. OMG attempts to expand the application scope of MDA through standardized definitions. At the same time, through such an extensible modeling language environment, IT manufacturers can freely implement their own modeling languages ??and the mapping of languages ??to executable codes. However, no matter what, they must be under the OMG standardized framework. Derived from the well-known idea of ??separating the specification of a system's operation from the details of how the system utilizes the capabilities of the underlying platform, MDA provides a way (through associated tools) to standardize a platform-independent system, standardizing the platform, for The system selects a specific implementation platform and converts the system specifications to the specific implementation platform. The three main goals of MDA are: portability, interoperability, and reusability through architectural separation. In MDA the software development process is driven by the modeling behavior of the software system. The MDA life cycle is not much different from the traditional life cycle. The main difference lies in the artifacts created during the development process, including PIM (Platform Independent Model, platform-independent model), PSM (Platform specific Model, platform-related model) and code. PIM is a model with a high level of abstraction that is independent of any implementation technology. The PIM is converted into one or more PSMs. PSM is tailored for a specific implementation technology. For example, EJB PSM is a system model expressed in EJB structures. The last step in development is to convert each PSM into code. PSM is closely related to the application technology. In the traditional development process, the transformation from model to model or from model to code is done manually. However, MDA transformations are automatically completed by tools. From PIM to PSM, and from PSM to code can all be realized by tools. PIM, PSM, and Code models are used as design artifacts in the software development life cycle, which in traditional development methods are documents and diagrams. Importantly, they represent different levels of abstraction of the system, looking at our system from a different perspective, and the ability to convert high-level PIM to PSM raises the level of abstraction. It allows developers to have a clearer understanding of the entire architecture of the system without being "polluted" by specific implementation technologies. At the same time, it also reduces the workload of developers for complex systems. The emergence of MDA points out the solution to improve the efficiency of software development, enhance the portability, collaborative working ability and maintainability of software, as well as the convenience of documentation. MDA is predicted by the object-oriented technology community to be the most important methodology in the next two years. The main problem with modeling today is that for many businesses it is only a paper exercise. This causes the problem of out-of-synchronization between the model and the code. The code will be constantly modified, but the model will not be updated, so the model loses its meaning. The key to bridging the gap between modeling and development is to make modeling an integral part of development. MDA is a framework for model-driven development. The vision of MDA is to define a new way of describing and creating systems. MDA makes the use of UML go much further than just pretty pictures. Many experts predict that MDA may lead us into another golden age of software development. Adapter monochrome display adapter is a display card used by IBM in IBM PC in 1981. It is the earliest display standard used in PC. It adopts a 9x14 dot matrix character window and displays 80 columns x 25 rows of characters on the full screen. The corresponding highest resolution is 720x350 pixels. Trader Australia MDA Group New Australian trader with Forex, Gold, Energy, Options, Contracts for Difference (CFDs) and more. And provide individual investors, institutional investors and currency trading managers with a fair, safe and comprehensive online trading system.
Malondialdehyde English name: Malondialdehyde;malonic dialdehyde;Propanedial
Abbreviation: MDA
Molecular formula OHC-CH2-CHO
Molecular weight 72.0634
Colorless needle-like crystals, melting point 72~74℃, generally contains two crystal waters, anhydrous product can be obtained by vacuum drying at 60℃, easy to deliquesce, pure malondialdehyde is stable under neutral conditions, but not under acidic conditions unstable.
It is obtained by the condensation of acetaldehyde and ethyl formate under the action of alkali. It can be sublimated and refined under high vacuum. It is mainly used as a raw material for pharmaceutical intermediates and photosensitive pigments. Incompatible with proteins and potentially carcinogenic.
In living organisms, free radicals act on lipids to undergo a peroxidation reaction. The end product of oxidation is malondialdehyde, which can cause cross-linking and polymerization of life macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and is cytotoxic. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation, affects mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and key enzyme activities in mitochondria in vitro. The English name is Malondialdehyde, or MDA for short. Principle of production: The body produces oxygen free radicals through enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. The latter can attack polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological membranes, trigger lipid peroxidation, and thus form lipid peroxides. Such as: aldehyde group (malondialdehyde MDA), ketone group, hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, hydroperoxy group or endoperoxy group, and new oxygen free radicals. Lipid peroxidation not only converts active oxygen into active chemicals, that is, non-radical decomposition products of substances, but also amplifies the effect of active oxygen through chain or chain branch reactions. Therefore, an initial reactive oxygen species can lead to the formation of many plasma decomposition products. Some of these decomposition products are harmless, while others can cause cell metabolism and dysfunction, or even death. Oxygen free radicals not only cause cell damage through the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological membranes, but also cause cell damage through the decomposition products of hydroperoxides. Therefore, measuring the amount of MDA can often reflect lipid peroxidation in the body. The degree indirectly reflects the degree of cell damage. Determination principle The determination method is that malondialdehyde can react with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) under high temperature and acidic environment to produce a reddish-brown product 3,5,5´-trimethyloxazole 2,4-di Ketone (trimethylchuan), this substance has an absorption peak at 532nm and a small light absorption at 660nm. The content of malondialdehyde in the solution can be calculated based on its extinction value at 532nm. Schematic diagram of experimental principle Experimental method 1. Experimental reagent MDA kit (50T) (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute); absolute ethanol (Beijing Beihua Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., analytical grade); glacial acetic acid (Beijing Beihua Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., analytical grade); EDTA (Beijing Baierdi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); Na2S2O5 (Beijing Baierdi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); PCA (Beijing Beihua Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., analytical grade); the experimental water is 18.2MΩ 3. steamed water. 2. Kit composition: Reagent 1: liquid 10mL, stored at room temperature, suitable for direct use; Reagent 2: liquid 6mL, add 170mL distilled water and mix well before use; Reagent 3: powder, pour 1 tube of 50T MDA No. 3 powder into a beaker and add Dissolve it fully in 32mL of hot distilled water at 90~100℃ (appropriate heating may be required during the dissolution process). After cooling, add 30mL of glacial acetic acid and mix well. The mother solution can be stored at -4℃. When in use, dilute the above-prepared reagents with 50% glacial acetic acid at a ratio of 2:1 and prepare them immediately; standard: 5 mL of 10 nmol/mL tetraethoxypropane. 3. Experimental instruments: spectrophotometer; precision electronic balance; desktop refrigerated high-speed centrifuge; ultrasonic cell disruptor; constant temperature water bath or induction cooker.
4. Experimental method (1) Take the tissue sample to be tested; (3) Weigh the tissue sample to be tested, and add 0.4mol/L PCA solution at the ratio of 1mg:5µL; (4) Then press the tissue weight to 1mg : Add 0.86% NaCl solution at a ratio of 14µL; (5) Cut the tissue into pieces and homogenize it ultrasonically, and mix with a vortex mixer; (6) Add each reaction reagent in the kit according to table [1]; (7) ) Mix the sample with a vortex mixer, puncture a small hole in the cap of the centrifuge tube, and boil in a boiling water bath for 1 hour; (8) After the reaction, leave it to cool at room temperature, centrifuge at 15,000g for 10 minutes, and take out The clear liquid was used for absorbance measurement; (9) Use distilled water as a blank control, measure the absorbance value of each sample at 532nm, with a light path of 1cm, and bring it into the MDA content calculation formula to calculate the MDA content in each sample, thereby indirectly reflecting Determine the degree of oxidative stress in each sample (if the protein content in the measurement tube is not high, a standard blank tube can be used to measure the absorbance value of the blank tube). Experiment chart Result analysis According to the calculation formula of MDA content in tissue: MDA experiment Calculate the MDA content in the tissue sample to be tested. Minimum Detectable Activity In applied fields such as radionuclide verification and environmental radioactivity monitoring, it is often necessary to report the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of a nuclide when the radioactivity level of the nuclide of interest falls below the statistical fluctuation of the background. Minimum detectable activity ≠ Minimum detectable activity Civil Aviation Abbreviation Modification Design Approval: MODIFICATION DESIGN APPROVAL (MDA)