The abstract should be about 100~300 words. Chinese abstracts should generally not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts should not exceed 250 content words; the abstract is the essence of the paper.
The basic elements of the abstract include research purpose, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of the research work, the means and methods used, the results and important conclusions drawn, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value.
Extended information
Abstract characteristics
1. Independence and self-explanation
The abstract should be independent and self-explanatory, and have The same amount of main information as the literature, that is, the necessary information can be obtained without reading the full text.
2. Concise language
The abstract cannot be repeated, so it needs to be carefully considered word by word. The content must be complete, specific, and understandable at a glance.
Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, the needs of readers who cannot read Chinese must be taken into consideration, and the substantive content cannot be omitted.