The feud between Karelia, Finland and Russia

Karelia is located in the northwest of Russia and Europe, and some areas are in the Arctic Circle. The climate is extremely cold, and the residents are mainly karelians and Finland. It is this Karelia that has always been the focus of contention between Finland and Russia, bearing the gratitude and resentment, love and hate between Finland and Russia, and has always been a sensitive topic in the relations between the two countries. The two countries fought many wars for this land. The feud between Finland and Russia can be traced back to the Middle Ages. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Sweden and Tsarist Russia, two emerging regional hegemony, fought endlessly for the battlefields of karelian isthmus, Finland and the Baltic Sea. The war between the two countries is constant, showing a seesaw state, which also leads to the seesaw change of the border. By 1293, the Kingdom of Sweden had continuously expanded its power in karelian isthmus and the Baltic Sea by operating Viborg. Historically, the Kingdom of Sweden once ruled Finland for six centuries, so Finland is the traditional territory of the Kingdom of Sweden. However, with the rise of tsarist Russia, the border between the two countries moved to Stockholm. Finally, from 1808 to 1809, the kingdom of Sweden lost its territory in the last large-scale war against tsarist Russia, and tsarist Russia established the Grand Duchy of Finland. At that time, Tsar Alexander I gave the Grand Duchy of Finland quite loose autonomy and administrative power, and personally celebrated the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Finland in Vyborg. But by the end of 19, the new czar Alexander III decided to unify the language, * * *, bureaucracy, etc. of the whole country, thus lifting many autonomy privileges granted by Alexander I to Finland. Alexander III's action aroused Finland's concern, believing that it was an invasion of Finnish culture and autonomy. As a result, the national independence movement broke out in Finland and spread throughout the country. 1917165438+10. On 7 October, Russia's October Revolution overthrew tsarist Russia, and Finland became independent for the first time on191765438+February 6, thus completely separating from tsarist Russia. However, this does not mean that Finland has ushered in real peace. A civil war broke out in Finland. Behind them stood the white armies of Sweden and Germany and the Red Army supported by Soviet Russia. Finally, it ended in the defeat of the Finnish Red Army. In this civil war, Mannerhaim, commander-in-chief of the Finnish White Army, proposed that Finland would fight to the end as long as Soviet Russia did not return to East karelian isthmus. During this period, the extreme right forces of the Finnish White Army repeatedly attacked Soviet troops in East karelian isthmus from 19 18 to 1920, in order to achieve the goal of Soviet Russia's return to East karelian isthmus. What they didn't expect, however, was that the local soldiers and civilians in eastern karelian isthmus, afraid of the Finnish White Army, stood firmly with the Red Army and fought back against the Finnish White Army in these attacks. 1920 Finland's civil war ended, and the Soviet Union and Finland signed a peace agreement. At that time, in order to cope with the civil war, the Soviet Union and Russia made great concessions in the peace agreement, recognized Finland's independence and did not care about delineating the border between the two countries. In karelian isthmus, which has an important strategic position, the border between the two countries is drawn along the sister river. In this way, Petrograd, the holy land of the October Revolution in the Soviet Union, is only 32 kilometers away from the border. This is also the main reason why Lenin moved the Soviet capital from Petrograd to Moscow in 19 18. However, the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Finland and the demarcation of the border are only expedient measures. Due to the ideological opposition between the two countries, the cruel rule of Russia in the past and the strong anti-Russian movement in Finland, the relationship between the two countries is still very stiff. Later, with the recovery of the Soviet Union's status as a military power in Europe, Stalin revisited the Baltic issue and proposed to station troops in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia and establish army and naval bases. A similar request was made to Finland. At the same time, it is also required to lease the Hank Peninsula as a naval base, redraw the national border, move the border line from the sister river north, and transfer the whole karelian isthmus, including Vyborg, to the Soviet Union. And the Soviet Union offered to give Finland three times the territory of karelian isthmus as compensation. If so, Finland will lose karelian isthmus and Viborg, Finland's second largest city, which has a complete national defense fortress. The two sides conducted several rounds of negotiations for this purpose, all of which ended without results. Finally, at the beginning of 10, the Soviet Union decided to force Finland to cede Karelia through war. 1939165438+1On October 26th, the Soviet Union created the incident in the village of Manila. It is said that seven Red Army soldiers were killed when Finnish artillery shelled the Soviet border village of Maini La. He also called on the Soviet Red Army to completely eradicate the regimes of neighboring countries that caused troubles, and claimed that the Red Army was liberating the working people oppressed by Finland and returning Finland to freedom and democracy. 1939165438+1On October 30th, the Soviet Union declared war. Air strikes were carried out on targets such as Helsinki, Finland, and then the Soviet Red Army crossed the border and the Sino-Finnish war broke out. The war lasted 105 days, and the Soviet Union was defeated by Finland. Finally, through the Moscow Peace Treaty of March 1940, Finland lost Karelia and Vyborg, the second largest city in Finland. Later, the Soviet Union replaced the population of Karelia, and a large number of Russians moved in. The population structure is different from the past. So after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Karelia was not unstable. Although Finland has ideas, it has no chance to face reality. This Caglieri, who has enemies between Finland and Russia, may stay in Russia forever.