First, we should vigorously promote students' independent learning, independent inquiry and independent practice spirit.
Students are the masters of learning. Encourage students to play roles and put themselves in their shoes. However, if there is no teacher's timely guidance in teaching activities, students' whole learning activities will become aimless. In the classroom, the teacher is like a guide, bringing students to the front of knowledge and letting students know each other with knowledge. Therefore, teachers should play a guiding role in classroom teaching and fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm through their own active adjustment. For example, when I run in class, students usually run. I asked this question as soon as I started class. "What do you know about running?" Students raise their hands like a forest. Put forward the following questions one after another:
In fact, the problems raised by students have been solved, and the teaching objectives have been achieved.
Second, pay attention to the process of students' independent thinking.
The purpose of teaching is to guide students to learn independently. Teachers must straighten out the teaching relationship, not only pay attention to their own teaching, but also pay attention to students' learning and thinking process. Although primary school students are young, have little knowledge and limited ability, they have accumulated some life experiences after all. On the basis of respecting students, teachers actively "seduce" students' experience and pave the way for students to learn new knowledge. Therefore, teachers' classroom teaching must not be just a simple compulsory behavior of "teachers speak and students listen", but an internal performance of teachers integrating teaching experience into teaching content. In teaching, teachers should express their attitudes and views on problems, but this expression is not achieved through repeated requirements and emphasis, but skillfully integrates their own guidance into the teaching process. I naturally introduce knowledge and skills to students. So, I asked the students to find the answer by running, comparing and practicing. Using the above teaching methods, it seems that the teacher's explanation is not much, but this link is permeated with the teacher's careful guidance, which can mobilize the students' learning enthusiasm to the maximum extent, make students actively participate in the teaching process, and is conducive to understanding and mastering knowledge.
Third, pay attention to the timely feedback of students' information
Classroom is not only a platform for teachers, but also a learning place for students. Teachers should not replace students' cognitive process with their own cognitive results, but skillfully "guide" behind the scenes, so that students can give full play to their learning potential and encourage students to boldly show their thinking results. For example, what will you see when you teach high jump? Think of what? What are you going to say? "Let students think, show one or several pictures of" high jump ",let students create personalized skills on the basis of a common cognition, promote the development of students' cognitive ability at different levels, and complete the expansion process of cultivating emotions and promoting new abilities with emotions, so that their body and mind have also developed fully and harmoniously, and they have also learned something. More importantly, students also realize that the fun of learning lies in hard exploration.
How to give full play to the leading role of teachers and the main role of students in primary school physical education class? How can PE teachers play the leading role of teachers and the main role of students? To ensure students' dominant position and give full play to their dominant role, we must first let students study in a democratic, harmonious and equal teaching atmosphere. Therefore, teachers should be good at regulating their emotional expression in class. This is because the teaching process is a process of emotional communication and mutual infection between teachers and students. Teachers' emotional expression will inevitably affect students' psychological state, and teachers' good mood can make all students relaxed and happy, and make the classroom atmosphere relaxed and happy; However, bad emotions make students feel psychological pressure, which leads to students' subordinate role in teaching. Therefore, as soon as a teacher enters the classroom, he should abandon his distractions, worries and focus on his role. He should think from the students' point of view, have an equal dialogue with the students, cover all the students with kind eyes, and let them feel valued and cared by the teachers. In such a democratic, equal and harmonious atmosphere, their emotions will migrate, thus making students "close to teachers, believe in their ways and enjoy learning".
On How to Give Full Play to Students' Subjective Role in Classroom Teaching Du Biaoyi, qionghai city Teachers' Continuing Education Center Abstract: In today's world, the era of global knowledge economy has been formed. The core of knowledge economy lies in innovation, and the foundation of innovation lies in education. Classroom teaching is the main channel to cultivate innovative talents, and the cultivation of innovative talents can not be separated from the play of students' main role. This paper studies and discusses how to give full play to students' main role in classroom teaching from four aspects, aiming at attaching importance to students' main role in classroom teaching, giving full play to students' main role, cultivating qualified innovative talents for the country and meeting the challenge of knowledge economy. Key words: classroom teaching plays the main role of students, innovates talents and challenges knowledge economy. In today's world, the era of global knowledge economy has been formed. The core of knowledge economy lies in innovation, and the foundation of innovation lies in education. Classroom teaching is the main channel to cultivate innovative talents. The so-called innovative talents are those who have innovative spirit and ability, usually showing flexible, open and curious personality, with the characteristics of energy, perseverance, concentration, rich imagination and adventurous spirit. As the undertaker of learning activities, students are the main body of learning. Subject is the source of innovation, and classroom teaching must highlight students' subjective status and give full play to their subjective role. Traditional classroom teaching pays attention to teachers' concentrated teaching, ignores the cultivation of students' personality and independence, and pays attention to the practice of examination content. In the long run, students lose interest and motivation in learning, and they feel tired of learning, and some even give up learning. Psychological research has proved that individuals are born with the subjective instinct of exploration or creation, but the initiative of individuals is not the product of this instinct in content or form, but the result of acquired social life. The basic feature of the subject is self-awareness. The activity of the subject is a conscious process dominated by its own consciousness. The learning process of students is a comprehensive experience process full of attitude and emotion, rather than a passive education and training process. Curriculum reform requires students to be placed in the correct position in teaching, and also requires students to be the masters of learning. Therefore, attaching importance to students' subjectivity in classroom teaching, giving full play to students' autonomy, initiative and innovation, guiding students to study actively and deepening subjectivity education in an all-round way are the fundamental problems that our teachers should attach importance to. So, how can we give full play to students' main role in classroom teaching? Although this is an old problem, it is also a problem worthy of our teachers' serious study and exploration. The author talks about some superficial understanding based on his own teaching practice. I believe that students' learning potential is not the patent of a few outstanding figures, but the potential quality that every normal person has. Therefore, whether the potential possessed by ordinary people can be effectively explored is an important criterion to measure the effectiveness of our education. Looking at the current classroom teaching, there are still quite a few teachers who prefer learning to students. One of the most important reasons is that they can't see and don't believe students' learning potential. In their eyes, students are babies in infancy and need careful care. They work hard, instead of students' brains, words and hands, regardless of students' desire for expression and creativity. This wishful thinking of teachers can not only satisfy students' thirst for knowledge, but also make them experience the fun of exploration and discovery. On the contrary, it will make students suffer from anorexia and dependence, which will greatly stifle students' subjective development. In fact, the quality of middle school students has obviously improved. They are knowledgeable, informative, curious, imaginative and creative. It would be a big mistake to treat them as children and arrange them. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a great educator, said as early as the 1940s: "Everyone says that children are small, but everyone is careful. If you look down on children, they are younger. " . Therefore, in classroom teaching, teachers should change their ideas, emancipate their minds and let students take the initiative in learning. Specifically, teachers should not talk (or talk less) about the knowledge that students can master themselves; Students can find their own conclusions, and teachers should not replace students; Teachers should not do what students can do by themselves. We should fully trust students, let them do it, and provide students with time and space for positive development, which is a necessary prerequisite for giving full play to students' main role. Second, respect students' subjective personality. As we all know, the core idea of the new curriculum is "everything is for the development of every student". It requires teachers to pay attention to the personal dignity of every student and educated person in the teaching process. Because every student is a dignified person. In teachers' classroom teaching philosophy, respecting and caring for every student should be the first priority, because only in this way can the teaching process become a happy emotional life and a positive emotional experience process for students, which is more conducive to building an equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, helping students to play their main role and helping students grow up healthily. For example, in teaching, once a student who doesn't usually listen carefully suddenly asked me, "Teacher, why is it difficult for us to find a job after graduating from junior high school?" Although the content of this class is "Strong Will", I still analyzed and answered his questions first (because he seldom attends classes and often plays mobile games. I was a little surprised when I was suddenly asked a question today. It is rare for him to have such a performance, and he can't give up the opportunity to communicate with him. For my answer, he not only showed a satisfied expression, but also showed a kind of happiness respected by the teacher. Since then, he seems to be a different person. He took my class seriously, asked me many ideological questions and regarded me as a reliable friend. As the saying goes, "Learn from your teacher and believe in it." I also have a sense of accomplishment. Yes, poor students are also self-respecting people. What they lack is not criticism or irony, but help and recognition. When a person is respected by others, he will breed happiness and desire for return, gather infinite strength and use all his wisdom. It can be seen that "nothing can touch people more than family." Every student wants to be respected by others and be satisfied emotionally and psychologically. The secret of successful education lies in respecting students. Respecting students' personality is the key to give full play to students' main role. Thirdly, the cultivation of students' autonomous consciousness refers to students' self-awareness of their status, responsibilities, needs and psychological state in learning activities, which is the basis and motivation for giving full play to students' main role in teaching. Students are not unconditionally stored, and the knowledge taught by teachers can only be transformed into their own wealth through their own efforts, and no one can study instead of them. In other words, students are the masters of learning and the subjects of cognition. However, students' autonomous consciousness is not spontaneous, but gradually formed under the guidance of teachers and the influence of others. Judging from students' physiological and psychological characteristics, students have the potential to explore and create independently. Autonomous learning itself can stimulate students' interest, motivation and curiosity. It pays attention to the autonomy of students' learning and the cultivation of subjective personality. By mastering the method of autonomous learning, we can finally master knowledge and solve problems. Modern teaching theory also tells us that teachers should not only teach students knowledge, but also teach students learning methods. The learning method taught to students is not to impose external learning methods on students, but to help and encourage students to form their own distinctive learning style. The guidance of learning law should embody the principles of pertinence and democracy. Mastering learning methods and having certain self-study ability are what innovative talents need. Cultivating students' independent consciousness also encourages students' self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-improvement, so that students can stand tall and learn with confidence. Teachers should be good at using words such as "very good", "it doesn't matter" and "your answer is very insightful" to continuously enhance students' self-confidence and penetrate into students' learning life. They can also use vivid examples in life to stimulate students' enthusiasm for independent knowledge and consciously cultivate students' sense of independence. For example, when I was studying "Sailing with Confidence", I told my students a growth experience of Grade One. I just entered junior high school, and the school held a school sports meeting. I signed up for the men's high jump. Because the primary school has not trained this project, I participated in the junior high school competition with curiosity. I was very dissatisfied to see that all the players were better than me and didn't win the prize in the school sports meeting. After the school sports meeting, I often go to the gym to borrow high jump equipment to practice high jump after the second class in the afternoon, and constantly sum up my experience. Finally, I won the first place in the high jump competition of junior high school in the school sports meeting in the second year. With this successful experience, I use this success to encourage myself every time I encounter difficulties. I believe that through my own efforts, I will be able to realize my good wishes. Students think that this is how teachers grow up. As long as you believe that you can do it, you are confident and willing to work hard, there is nothing you can't do well. Self-confidence is the sunshine in students' hearts. With sunshine, their hearts can be bright. There is a positive potential in people's subconscious. For students, teachers can establish students' self-confidence, which is undoubtedly to put a pair of high-flying wings on students and light a heart lamp. How can such a student not concentrate on his studies? Fourth, create a democratic teaching atmosphere. Democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere is a soft environment for students to learn actively and vividly. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a people's educator, once clearly pointed out: "Democracy is the best condition to promote creativity." Only in a democratic atmosphere can creativity be well developed, and only in a democratic and harmonious environment can students be quick-thinking, dare to think, dare to speak and dare to express their distinctive opinions. Therefore, in classroom teaching, I strive to create a democratic and harmonious teaching atmosphere, allowing students to put forward different opinions, even opposing opinions. Allow students to make mistakes and allow students to question. Teachers respect students' problems, interact with students and solve problems together. Respect students' rights and personality, make students' thinking open and active, and truly become the masters of learning. In the class of "Cherish Life", a picky student asked such a question: "Teacher, does cherishing life mean that we can't kill chickens and ducks?" I thought at that time: the students who found the problem had unique opinions, and they didn't want to embarrass the teacher. They must be encouraged. ) "haha! Students, who can answer this classmate's question with the knowledge learned today? Do you want to release all your chickens and ducks to nature when you come home from school? " Facing the gap between textbook knowledge and reality, some students laugh and some students frown. I give students time to think, and then let them express their opinions separately. The students' thoughts are very active in the speech. This class is so "explosive". The spark of thinking blooms, which is very touching and appreciated by teachers and students. To be a qualified teacher of new curriculum reform, we must change our teaching concept, especially our role. Teachers should be organizers, guides and collaborators of teaching activities, and learn to listen to the problems in students' learning. When students use their own thinking language to express their understanding of textbook ideas is wrong or inaccurate, they should be encouraged to think actively, patiently guide and communicate sincerely. Only by entering the inner world of students can we find their pure and beautiful inner world, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, guide them according to the situation, and achieve good learning results in cultivating innovative talents. In a word, education is a science of educating people, and its starting point and destination is to cultivate people's innovative and entrepreneurial spirit and ability. The realization of all this is inseparable from the play of students' main role. As engineers of the human soul, teachers shoulder an important mission in the great cause of cultivating innovative talents. We should have a historical sense of urgency, responsibility and mission, change our concepts, roles and teaching methods with a pragmatic spirit, organically combine the leading role of teachers with the main role of students, effectively improve the quality of classroom teaching, and strive to cultivate a group of innovative talents with broad vision, active thinking, quick thinking, strong adaptability and strong hands-on ability for the country to meet the challenge of knowledge economy. Refer to "Democratic Education: A Golden Bridge to Independent Development"-refer to middle school political teaching 20 1 12, reflect on new curriculum classroom teaching Tian Ying-refer to middle school political teaching 20 1 12.
In teaching, how to play the leading role of teachers and the main role of students? 1. Understanding of teachers' leading role and its application in teaching practice.
The so-called guidance is guidance, and the leading role of teachers lies in that teachers should guide students to learn correctly, teach them reasonable learning methods, pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability, and plan and guide their all-round development. As an old saying goes, it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. This is also a fact. In specific teaching, we should change the traditional teacher-centered teaching method and let teachers change from imparting knowledge and skills to promoting students' development. The leading role of teachers in physical education class's teaching is more important, mainly in the following aspects:
1, the teacher's preparation before class, that is, preparing lessons. Teachers should formulate the program structure and implementation plan of each class according to the teaching objectives, teaching contents and students' reality, which is commonly called teaching plan. Teachers should have a general understanding of the whole class before class, so as to have an answer. The application of teachers' teaching methods, the design of teaching ideas, the mastery of knowledge and skills, and the ability to understand and control teaching materials can all be reflected in the teaching plan.
2. In the teaching process, we should pay attention to guiding students to master the correct learning methods. Teachers' teaching methods should serve students' learning methods, teachers' teaching should conform to students' learning rules, and teachers' leading role should serve to promote students' main role. In order to make students develop physically and mentally in an all-round way, teachers should arrange teaching contents reasonably according to the individual differences of students' physical characteristics, so that students can make corresponding progress through learning. At the same time, teachers should attach importance to the teaching of learning methods and cultivate students' learning methods of integrating theory with practice. In addition, it can be combined with other subjects to teach self-study ability. Before each new lesson, let students fully study by themselves and try to practice, find problems from self-study and improve themselves.
3, guide students to actively carry out creative thinking, and guide students' personality development. Quality education is an education that attaches importance to personality development and cultivates each student's hobbies and specialties. Creativity is the core of personality. To cultivate students' independent consciousness and have their own unique opinions, it is necessary to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. A key opens a lock. In the choice of teaching methods, the arrangement of exercises should be based on the teaching materials and the actual situation of students. We should not adapt our children to our education, but adapt our education to children. In teaching, we should protect the sparks of students' creative thinking, cherish students' independent opinions, and encourage students to question and ask difficult questions.
4. Teachers should establish modern educational concepts, guide students to make good use of classroom resources, and at the same time encourage students to dare to go out of the classroom, out of the school wall, into society, into life, into nature, selectively absorb rich off-campus resources, and learn to learn to study in the social environment.
In short, teachers should not only guide and standardize students' learning and development in teaching activities, but also respect and cultivate students' subjectivity, or guide students' learning and development through the exertion of students' subjectivity. However, affirming teachers' leading role does not mean denying students' dominant position in the teaching process. Student subjectivity is the main task and content of teachers' leading role, and it is an important symbol to measure teachers' leading role. Without students' subjectivity, the leading role of teachers will lose its main connotation, object and destination. The teacher-centered theory that only strengthens the leading role of teachers and denies students' subjectivity is obviously wrong.
Second, the understanding of students' subjectivity and its application in teaching practice
Students' subjectivity is mainly reflected in the clarity of learning objectives and the strength of motivation in the learning process. The Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health emphasizes the development of students as the center, and highlights the main position of students. Established the students' dominant position in classroom learning. Students' learning is completed by the interaction of intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors. Non-intelligence factors, including learning motivation, emotion, interest and will, can play a positive role in promoting students' learning. The traditional teaching mode is teacher-centered and textbook-centered, ignoring the role of students' non-intellectual factors, and students passively accept learning. The reflection of this idea in physical education teaching is mainly: ignoring the individual needs of students, ignoring the individual differences of students, and ignoring teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. In this mode, students' learning lacks subjective initiative, learning interest is difficult to be mobilized, creative thinking is suppressed, and students' personality is not publicized, which eventually leads to students' one-sided development. Therefore, it is necessary to establish students' dominant position, respect students' emotions and needs, give full play to students' enthusiasm and learning potential, improve students' learning ability and promote their all-round development. Teachers' teaching serves students' learning. Teachers should take students as the main body from the following aspects:
1 First of all, we should set scientific teaching objectives. In physical education teaching, different students have differences in physical fitness, skills, hobbies and so on. Every student has his own unique personality, which is manifested in his study, that is, every student should find a suitable student method. Therefore, in teaching, students should be given the space to choose their own learning content and learning methods, and should not be too unified, that is, teach students to learn to choose the best practice method according to their own actual situation, and finally achieve their learning goals through their own efforts and the help of teachers.
2. Give students more space for free activities and let students give full play to their creative thinking. Interest is a good teacher. In physical education class, students should be given more space to develop themselves. Students should choose their own activities according to their hobbies. Only in this case can students' creative thinking be brought into play and their personality be developed.
3. Let students truly become the main body of learning. Physical education teaching should be grouped reasonably according to different standards according to specific requirements and actual conditions, so that every student can feel that the master of physical education class is himself, and all the goals, contents, ways and methods are designed for himself. Only by teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, teaching at different levels, fully mobilizing students' initiative and reflecting students' main role can we complete the teaching content that students can complete.
Third, correctly handle the relationship between teachers' leading role and students' dominant position in teaching.
Teachers' dominance and students' subjectivity are two aspects of teaching activities and the unity of opposites. The two aspects of contradiction push things forward together. In physical education class teaching, teachers' guidance is to give full play to students' subjectivity. Teachers' correct guidance and students' active learning are the main ways to achieve teaching objectives. The two are unified. In practice, many teachers do not correctly understand the relationship between them and put them in opposition. They think that in order to emphasize students' dominant position, teachers' leading role must be abandoned, so that a physical education class lesson becomes a grazing lesson, and teachers completely let students learn, and students' learning is also in a state of blind confusion, which can not achieve the effect of learning. To play the leading role of teachers, it is necessary to establish their absolute authority. These views are all wrong. To correctly handle the relationship between dominance and subjectivity, the leading role of teachers and the subjective role of students should not be completely opposite. They are not in an either-or relationship. We should not overindulge students and ignore teachers' leading role because we emphasize students' main role, but pay attention to teaching and learning, so that teachers and students can cooperate closely in a relaxed and harmonious teaching environment and improve together.
1. Change ideas and correctly understand the relationship between dominance and subjectivity. Establish the concept of taking teachers as the leading factor and students as the main body. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers are the embodiment and designer of teaching activities, and they are always in the main aspect of contradiction, which determines the dominant position of teachers in the teaching process. As far as students are concerned, students are the main body of learning. Students study under the guidance and help of teachers, and master the basic knowledge, technology and skills of sports. It can be seen that the leading role of teachers and the main role of students are mutually conditional and dialectical unity, that is, leading is the leading role of the subject, and the subject is the subject under the leading role.
2. Teachers' professional quality needs to be improved. Emphasizing students' subjectivity actually puts forward higher requirements for teachers' guidance. Teachers should better organize teaching according to students' characteristics, individual differences and different hobbies, arrange teaching materials reasonably, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that each student can develop, which requires teachers to have higher professional quality and rich teaching materials. Teachers should constantly improve their theoretical level, enrich their teaching art, constantly create new teaching methods and form their own teaching style.
The combination of teachers' leading role and students' main role is an important way to achieve teaching objectives. In teaching, the more teachers give full play to the leading role, the more they can arouse students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning, and the more students give full play to the main role, the more they can reflect the leading role of teachers. The combination of the two is conducive to improving teaching quality and students' quality.
How to give full play to students' main role in Chinese classroom teaching? 1. Cultivate the automaticity of students' classroom learning.
The traditional teaching method is to educate students with a rigid dogmatic system and stifle their nature. The famous educator Suhomlinski said: Only education that can inspire students to carry out self-education is the real education. In classroom teaching, teachers must take the leading idea of "teaching as the auxiliary and learning as the main" and must not blindly and stiffly instill knowledge into students. They should link teaching with real life, create an interesting environment for the speakers and listeners, and at the same time, they should turn only the teacher's lectures into students' own lectures, that is, from "concentrated lectures" to "more lectures", so that they can not only listen to students' opinions, but also mobilize their automaticity, enthusiasm and initiative. This will make students realize that attending class is a kind of enjoyment, which will produce a positive artistic conception, naturally arouse students' automaticity and enthusiasm in learning, and the classroom atmosphere will become active involuntarily.
Second, establish a sound classroom teaching mechanism to cultivate students' excellent moral character of autonomous learning.
Classroom teaching is a complete educational project. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and automaticity of each student can a good classroom teaching atmosphere be formed. Therefore, every teacher must try his best to establish a perfect teaching mechanism, create a good learning environment and atmosphere for students, make every student realize the importance and urgency of learning, and have the opportunity to give play to his personality, express his opinions and improve himself. However, in the process of implementation, we must not ignore the education of teachers, but also pay attention to the leading role of class cadres.