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The following is about dyeing hair. See for yourself.
The earliest white-haired people want to have a shiny black hair; A person with blue hair wants colorful hair to dance in the wind with supernatural dreams, so he has a hair dyeing skill that has been passed down for thousands of years. Nowadays, dyeing hair, especially dyeing hair, has become a "world popular" thing.
According to relevant statistics, in 2000, there were more than 180 manufacturers and nearly 200 brands approved to produce hair dyes in China. At present, there are more than 20 foreign hair dye brands entering the China market, such as L 'Oré al France and Meiyuan Japan.
How did the ancients dye their hair?
According to historical records, ancient Egyptians, Romans, Germans, China and Indians began to dye their hair very early.
About 4000 years ago, Egyptians dyed their hair orange with the hot water extract of Spartina. The Romans combed their hair with a lead comb soaked in vinegar and blackened it, thus covering their gray hair with lead acetate. Germans dyed their white hair black with sheep fat and plant ash juice. In Europe, walnut dyes are still used to dye hair light brown, and Huang Ju dyes are used to dye hair yellow in spring.
The historical figure who recorded hair dyeing earlier in China literature was Wang Mang more than 2,000 years ago. At the age of 68, Wang Mang made a lady named Shi the queen. At that time, he had "white hair and white beard". In order to cover up his old age, he dyed his hair and beard black. The biography of Wang Mang in Hanshu called him "trying to keep abreast of the world, but dyeing his beard and hair".
What material did Wang Mang dye his black beard and hair with? It is not recorded in Hanshu. However, referring to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, some drugs that can blacken white hair have been recorded. For example, Artemisia annua can "black hair". After the Han Dynasty, more and more hair dyes were recognized and used. In the Tang Dynasty, there are many prescriptions for dyeing black hair and beard, such as "oil stains on ebony, which are often used to apply good hair". "Black water stain, painted black"; "Wash it with salt soup and coat it with sesame oil and Puwei ash" and so on. Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty also quoted and introduced many drugs for external use, such as barley, needle sand and black-bone chicken. Basil "can dye moustaches and make them black"; Vitex negundo and bear fat mixed with vinegar make hair black; "A piece of birch bark, wrapped in the branches of Platycladus orientalis, burned in a bowl of smoked sesame oil and rubbed on the temples by hand, is black"; Ye Lang grass "can dye hair"; Raspberry juice is not white, and so on. People also dye their hair with black bean vinegar. The method is 50 grams of black beans and 500 ml of rice vinegar. After soaking, decoct the juice with slow fire and dip it with a toothbrush once a day, which can make the white hair black.
Others, such as Sheng Ji Zong Lu in the Song Dynasty, Taiping Sheng Huifang in the Yuan Dynasty, Imperial Hospital in the Yuan Dynasty, Puji Fang in the Ming Dynasty, Effective Prescriptions for World Famous Doctors, Rejuvenation for All Diseases, and Recipes for Receiving and Checking in the Qing Dynasty, all have many prescriptions for blackening hair and beard, and the list is endless.
China ancient hair dyes can be divided into four categories according to the source of ingredients: animal hair dyes, plant hair dyes, mineral hair dyes and mixed hair dyes. But it can't solve the problem of "easy decoloration".
Chemical hair dye
1883, p-phenylenediamine oxidized hair dye, commonly known as chemical hair dye, was pioneered by French company Monnet. Chemical hair dye quickly replaced the ancient Chinese medicine hair dye because of its convenient operation and good dyeing effect. From then on, it also laid the technical foundation of oxidized hair dye.
Black hair, blond hair, red hair and flaxen hair are all determined by human genetic attributes. It is not easy to change their inherent colors.
Our hair is divided into two parts: hair shaft and hair root, and its main component is keratin. Hair roots are in the skin, and hair shafts are exposed from the skin. Hair shaft is divided into three layers, namely epidermis, cortex and medulla. Epidermis, located at the outermost layer of hair shaft, is a transparent film (or tile-shaped arrangement) with scales, which is composed of many flat squamous keratinocytes and plays a role in protecting hair, also known as small hair pieces and small fur. A healthy epidermis will give hair a natural luster. Cortical layer and medullary layer are located in the center of hair and consist of soft protein.
In order to achieve the ideal hair dyeing effect, the hair dye solution needs to enter the cortex of the hair shaft, but the gap between the dense scales (tiles) on the epidermis of the hair shaft is limited-liquid solutions with molecular weight less than 238 can enter and exit freely. The problem of "easy decoloration" can only be solved if the liquid medicine "goes in" and "can't come out", which is also a problem that ancient Chinese medicine can't solve. Modern chemical hair dyes are generally synthesized by two or more different drugs, such as pigment intermediates such as p-phenylenediamine and hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide). Their relative mass is less than 238, and they can enter the hair piece. After two or three chemicals "enter", they generate macromolecules through oxidative polymerization, thus "locking color", so the dyed hair color is more natural and convenient to operate.
At present, there are many kinds of hair dyes, which can be divided into plant hair dyes, metallic hair dyes and synthetic organic hair dyes (chemistry) according to their components. Plant dyes include henna, chamomile, Huang Ju, hematoxylin, safflower, etc. The effect is unnatural and easy to decolorize. Metal hair dyes, such as lead acetate and silver nitrate, can form a colored oxide or sulfonated film on the surface of hair shaft, which is usually made into hair cream, hair cream and so on, and has many side effects.
According to the aging of hair dyeing, it can be divided into temporary, semi-permanent and permanent. Temporary hair dye is an acidic macromolecular dye, which cannot penetrate into hair shaft. You can cover the hair surface with a layer of pigment film and wash it off with shampoo. Semi-permanent hair dye can partially penetrate into the keratin of hair, and it can last for about 6 weeks after one dyeing. Permanent hair dye can last for more than 6 weeks at a time, but sometimes it can cause skin allergies.
Traditional Chinese medicine hair dye
In the late 1980s, people began to choose natural hair dyes for safety and advocating nature, so natural hair dyes re-emerged.
There are also many hair dyes that claim to be "natural plants" on the market. In fact, most of them choose chemical drugs as an auxiliary means of infiltration, because it is an insurmountable "threshold" to use Chinese medicine as an auxiliary means of infiltration. In 2000, the Agricultural College of Shanghai Jiaotong University developed a traditional Chinese medicine hair dye-"non-oxidizing permanent Chinese medicine hair dye water with clove as penetrant", which finally broke the situation that chemical hair dyes dominated the world and realized Chinese medicine hair dyeing. This invention won a national patent.
Teacher Zhou Feijun, the inventor of the patent, introduced that this hair dye water is refined from Chinese medicines such as copperas, cloves, angelica, rhubarb, terminalia chebula and gallnut. There are two key steps in its invention. One is to look for the ancient prescription of hair dyeing in the vast medical ancient books for reference; Secondly, inspired by the theory of "aromatic resuscitation" in traditional Chinese medicine, using modern science and technology, clove and other drugs were extracted by heating as penetration AIDS, and a breakthrough was made. In the process of dyeing hair, ferrous sulfate contained in copperas with relative molecular weight less than 238 is pushed into the hair shaft with Chinese medicine penetrant, and then tannic acid is pushed into the hair shaft with Chinese medicine penetrant to generate a color-changing reaction with ferrous sulfate, so as to form a black pigment substance and achieve the purpose of dyeing black hair.
Only three or five minutes, but the researchers have gone through six winters and summers.
Traditional Chinese medicine hair dye does not contain chemical dyes and chemical penetrants, and will not cause side effects such as allergies and cell mutations, which undoubtedly brings good news to white-haired people who want to dye their hair but are afraid of allergic reactions or worry that chemical hair dyes are harmful to their health!
There was a guest who was allergic to hair and flew all the way from Beijing to Shanghai "Black Hair Hall" just to dye his hair once. Enjoy really harmless hair dyeing!
(Tel: 021-62121479)
Hidden dangers of chemical hair dyes
People often hear about allergic reactions caused by hair dyes. Mild scalp redness, itching and burning pain; In severe cases, the whole scalp, neck and face will be swollen, blistered, yellow water and even purulent infection.
Scientists of the American Academy of Sciences detected 169 kinds of hair dyes, and found that 150 kinds of hair dyes had carcinogenic effects, accounting for 88% of the total. For example, in oxidized hair dyes, there is a substance called 2,4-amino anisole, which has the strongest genetic variability and is most likely to accumulate in the human body and become a hotbed of cancer cell proliferation. Medical scientists believe that long-term frequent use of hair dyes may increase the risk of aplastic anemia, acute (chronic) leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, skin cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer and so on.
Nine kinds of people should not use chemical hair dyes.
Patients with hematological diseases;
Couples who are ready to give birth;
People who use antibiotics;
Patients with allergic diseases;
Head trauma or unhealed wound;
Asthma patients;
Urticaria patients;
Pregnant and lactating women;
People with hepatic and renal insufficiency.