1643, the Italians created the mercury barometer and put forward the famous vacuum theory, which is of great significance to the emergence of thermos bottles. But in the next two and a half centuries, no real thermos was invented.
1879, German physicist Dewar listened to Professor Holiday's suggestion and stored liquefied gas in the laboratory, and made a container with two thin layers of glass, with a vacuum in the middle. 188 1 year, he wrote the paper "Holiday Bottle of Vanity".
1890, British chemist Dunms Jual improved the Vainhaulid bottle, and plated a layer of silver on the bottle wall, which can reduce the thermal radiation and slow down the heat loss through the glass, so the Jual bottle was born.
The inventor of our modern thermos bottle is British scientist Sir James Dewa, who mainly studies extremely low temperature liquids. 1892, Dewar was invited to give a lecture on "Liquefied Gas" at the British Institute of Science. In order to teach better, before he went, he asked a glassmaker named Berger to make a double-layer glass container for him, and covered the two layers of gallbladder walls with mercury, which greatly reduced the heat transfer. Then he pumped out the air between the two layers and the vacuum bottle appeared. This thermos is the earliest thermos in the world. This thermos is called "Dewar Bottle". Today, in the London Institute, the early vacuum products of Dewar bottles are still preserved. Dewar did not pay attention to the invention of vacuum bottle at that time, but attached great importance to the theory of pumping air and applied for a patent for this theory. 1902, Berger, Germany, saw the vast potential market of thermos bottles, so he began to promote thermos bottles. Two years later, he obtained the patent of thermos bottle in his own name. He found that the inner container of the glass bottle was easily broken, so he made a shell of nickel to protect the inner container. At first, thermos bottles were mainly used in laboratories, hospitals and explorations, and then gradually entered daily life.
1904, after research, Bourgaie, a glassware worker in Berlin, added a heat shield to the long Yaer bottle, so that there were containers for storing hot coffee or black tea on the market, and various thermos bottles were also introduced one after another. It is found that the insulation effect of the thermos bottle stopper is the worst part of the bottle. Later, people used expanded rubber and plastic plugs instead of cork plugs to enhance the insulation effect.