Low-emissivity glass, also known as low-e glass, is a member of coated glass family, which can reduce the heat transfer caused by indoor and outdoor temperature difference.
It is a new generation of coated glass, which can not only let outdoor solar energy and visible light pass through like float glass, but also reflect the secondary radiation heat of objects back like infrared reflector. When used in any climatic environment, it can control sunlight, save energy, control and adjust heat and improve the environment.
People in the industry also call it constant temperature glass: that is, no matter how big the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is, as long as low-emissivity glass is installed, the cost of indoor air conditioning will be very low, and it will always be warm in winter and cool in summer.
However, it should be noted that low-emissivity glass not only affects the ultraviolet ray and shading coefficient of glass, but also shows different colors of Jamlom on the reflective surface of glass from a certain angle.
2. Intelligent stained glass
When some chemicals appear in the air, this kind of glass will change color, which makes it play an important role in environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and home decoration.
Researchers at the University of California, USA, studied a solution for making glass, in which highly selective enzymes or protein were added. When some chemicals appear, additives will change color.
3. Laser glass
Laser glass is made by coating a photosensitive layer on glass or transparent organic polyester film, scribing arbitrary geometric grating or holographic grating on it with laser, aluminizing (or silver or aluminum), and then coating protective paint. Under the irradiation of light, diffraction chromatography can be formed, and with the change of incident angle of light or observation angle of human eyes, a variety of charming patterns are presented. Its service life can reach 50 years, and it will develop in the direction of home improvement.
4. smart glass
This kind of glass is made according to the electrochromic principle. It is very popular in the architectural decoration of some cities in America and Germany. The characteristic of smart glass is that when the sun is at noon, the windows facing south will automatically dim with the increase of sunlight radiation, and at the same time, other windows facing the shadows will start to light up. After installing smart windows, people don't have to wear dark colors or install mechanical hoods to keep out the scorching sun. In severe winter, this north-facing smart window can provide 70% solar radiation for buildings and get the warmth from diffused sunlight. At the same time, it can also reduce the energy required for heating and cooling, the energy required for lighting can be reduced by 60%, and the peak power demand of buildings with color-changing glass can be reduced by 30%.
5. Breathing glass
Like living things, it has a breathing function to eliminate people's discomfort indoors. Japan's Yoshida Industrial Co., Ltd. successfully developed a breathing window that can eliminate discomfort after applying for a German patent for a slight improvement, and named it ifj window. The temperature difference between rooms with breathing glass is only about 0.5 degrees Celsius, which is especially suitable for human senses. Not only that, breathing glass also has a high energy-saving effect. Conventionally, its air conditioning load coefficient is 80, and it drops to 5 1.9 after installing the breathing window (the smaller the coefficient, the more energy saving). It is reported that the frame of this breathing window is made of special aluminum profile, and the exterior is made of heat insulation material, while the window glass is made of double-layer glass reflecting infrared rays, and a gap of 12 mm is left in the middle of the double-layer glass to fill the inert gas argon, and the glass near the indoor side is plated with a metal film.
6. Vacuum glass
This kind of glass is double-layered. Because it is vacuumized in double-layer glass, it has the characteristics of high thermal resistance, which is incomparable to other glasses. Generally speaking, vacuum window has high practicability. In the hot summer, the outdoor high temperature can't "drill" into the room; In severe winter, indoor heating will not escape, so it can be called a "loyal guardian" to resist the invasion of cold and heat, without the disadvantages brought by air conditioning.
7. Colored mosaic glass
The use of colored mosaic glass can not only bring people a brand-new feeling, but also has modern modeling, classical elegance, integrating artistry and practicality. Coupled with ingenious creativity and brand-new technological skills, you can give play to your personal aesthetic point of view and combine it at will according to your own design creativity and ingenuity. At present, the more popular types are: embossing, ice crystal, mirror, frosting, edging, colored glass of various colors, slightly inlaid, with copper or aluminum metal frames.
8. anti reflective glass
Anti reflective glass is an antireflection coating on the surface of ordinary glass to reduce the reflectivity of the glass surface, which is called antireflection glass. The specular reflectivity of glass depends on the refractive index and incident angle of glass. When the incident angle is not more than 30 degrees, the reflectivity of glass changes little. The reflectivity of ordinary glass is generally around 8%, which has some problems, such as glare, low clarity of transmitted images and even environmental disharmony.
The refractive index of glass is 1.52, and the transparent film with refractive index less than 1.52 and optical path difference of 1/4 wavelength is plated on its surface, which makes the light reflected from the upper and lower surfaces of the film interfere, increases the transmittance of glass, and achieves the purpose of reducing reflection.
Because visible light is polychromatic light with a certain wavelength range, it is difficult to reduce the reflectivity to zero. Generally, reducing the reflectivity of glass to 2~3% can meet the use requirements.
The decorative feature of antireflection glass is that the transmission image is clear, and the glass seems to disappear in front of the eyes, which shows the transparency of the glass to the maximum extent. Generally used in shop window glass, museum frame glass, window glass, shop counter glass and other occasions. The following picture shows the application effect of anti reflective glass. The left picture uses anti reflective glass's picture frame, while the right picture does not use anti reflective glass's reflection.
9, photochromic glass
Under normal circumstances, glass is transparent. For some glasses, under the irradiation of ultraviolet or visible light, it can produce light absorption in the visible light region, which reduces the transparency or changes the color of the glass, and then automatically returns to the original transparent state after stopping the irradiation. This kind of glass is called photochromic glass.
Generally speaking, photochromic glass is made by introducing photosensitizer into ordinary glass components. Commonly used ordinary glasses include aluminoborosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, borate glass, phosphate glass and so on. Commonly used photosensitizers are silver halide, copper halide and so on. Usually, photosensitizers are uniformly dispersed in glass in the form of microcrystals, which decompose under the irradiation of sunlight, reducing the light transmittance of glass. When the glass is in the dark, the photosensitizers recombine to restore transparency. The coloring and fading of glass are reversible and permanent.
The decorative characteristic of photochromic glass is that the color and transmittance of glass automatically change with the intensity of sunlight. Strong sunshine intensity, dark glass color and low transparency. On the contrary, the sunshine intensity is low, the glass color is light and the light transmittance is high. Decorating the building with photochromic glass not only makes the indoor light soft and colorful, but also makes the building colorful and unpredictable, which is in harmony with the sunshine environment of the building. Generally used for building doors and windows, curtain walls, etc.
10, electrochromic glass
Liquid crystal material is sandwiched between two layers of glass. Under the control of electric field, the arrangement direction of liquid crystals changes, so as to achieve the purpose of dimming transparent and opaque glass. This kind of glass is called electrochromic glass.
The usual method of making electrochromic glass is to coat two pieces of glass with conductive film to form two parallel conductive plates, and then pour liquid crystal material in the middle, and then seal the edges and connect the electrodes.
The decorative feature of electrochromic glass is that the transparency of glass depends on people's will, and people can change the indoor light environment and the color and appearance of buildings anytime and anywhere. The window glass made of electrochromic glass is as concealed and convenient as the curtain with electric control device. When it is necessary to block the line of sight, just cut off the power supply, even if the glass is opaque, then the glass is like a frosted glass, eliminating the tedious work of drawing curtains. Mainly used in places that need to be kept secret. It is also used in billboards, display screens, doors and windows, indoor partitions, etc.
At present, electrochromic glass is expensive and has not yet entered mass production. With the improvement of production technology and the reduction of cost, it will be widely used.
1 1, embossed glass
Embossed glass is also called knurled glass. By calendering method, the required pattern is carved on the roll surface of the double-roll calender, and the glass ribbon is calendered into embossed glass when passing through the press roll. There are many kinds of embossed glass, and the pressed pattern can be divided into single-sided embossed glass and double-sided embossed glass. According to color, it can be divided into white, yellow, blue, red, olive and so on. According to the pattern, it can be divided into plant patterns, such as plum blossom, chrysanthemum, sunflower, pine flower, begonia, grape, hibiscus and bamboo leaves. Decorative patterns, such as night sky, galaxy, stripes, cloth patterns, etc.
The surface of embossed glass produced by calendering method is uneven, and when light passes through it, it will diffuse and lose its transparency, that is, the embossed glass is transparent and opaque. Because of the pattern, the light transmittance of embossed glass decreases. Generally, the light transmittance of embossed glass is between 60% and 70%. The decorative features of embossed glass are various patterns, rich colors, light transmission without perspective, and soft and hazy indoor light, so it has a strong decorative effect and is widely used in the decorative projects of modern buildings such as hotels, office buildings, conference rooms, bathrooms and toilets, making it magnificent.
12, float glass
Flat glass produced by float method is called float glass. Float process is: under the protection of protective atmosphere, molten glass continuously flows into molten metal tin bath from melting kiln. Because of the different densities of molten glass and tin, molten glass floats on the surface of tin. Due to the simultaneous action of gravity and liquid surface tension, molten glass is freely flattened on the surface of tin, thus becoming a glass ribbon with flat surface and uniform thickness, and moves to the back of tin bath under the action of external force. In the process of moving, it is polished, thinned, cooled and hardened by the flame from the top of the furnace, and then guided to the transition roller table. The rotation of the roller sends the glass ribbon into and out of the kiln, and after cooling, annealing and cutting, the flat glass product is formed.
Float glass has good thickness uniformity, purity and transparency. After smoothing the tin surface and flame polishing, the glass surface is smooth and tidy, with good parallelism and high optical performance. The decorative features of float glass are transparency, brightness and purity, bright indoor light and wide field of vision. Can be applied to building doors, windows, curtain walls, roofs, etc. It is the first choice for natural lighting in buildings. It is used in almost all buildings, and the largest amount is used in architectural decorative glass. It is also an important raw film in glass deep processing industry. Especially ultra-white float glass, its transparency and purity are immeasurable.