Natural agriculture is an environment-friendly agriculture founded by Zhao Hanjue, director of Korea Institute of Natural Agriculture, after more than 40 years of research and practice. Natural agriculture is a life agriculture that respects the basic rights of plants and animals and makes full use of natural capabilities. Natural agriculture does not use chemical substances such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and hormones. Instead, use local materials to produce unique agricultural means of production and reduce costs. It is a high-quality and efficient agriculture that produces green organic agricultural products. In September 2003, natural agriculture was certified by ISO900 1 and ISO 1400 1, and it has been popularized and developed in more than 20 countries.
Natural agriculture adopts five core secret recipes (Tianhui green juice, Chinese nutrients, lactic acid bacteria, indigenous microorganisms and enzymes) and three auxiliary materials (fresh fish amino acids, natural calcium and brown rice vinegar). That is, it uses the natural resources around us to make all kinds of starters and biological nutrients. In animal husbandry, natural agricultural henhouses and pig houses (Korean invention-Patent No.052850) use indigenous microorganisms and other materials collected by themselves, sawdust and straw to make fences and bed surfaces of pig houses and chicken houses. The feces in pigsty and chicken coop are fermented directly by microorganisms, so there is no need to remove the feces, and there is no odor, maggots and flies in the chicken coop, which saves time and labor and does not pollute the environment. In planting, five core secret recipes and three auxiliary materials are used to produce microbial fermented fertilizer to control pests and diseases, and no chemical fertilizer or pesticide is used in the whole production process. Natural agriculture is of great practical significance for reducing environmental pollution, creating a new agricultural ecological environment, developing rural courtyard economy, increasing farmers' income and improving farmers' living conditions.
Yanbian Liming Agricultural University introduced Korean natural agricultural technology on 1997 and established North Natural Agricultural College (now renamed Yanbian Natural Agricultural College). In the past eight years, under the leadership of Director Jin Zhexun, through the hard work of all scientific and technological personnel, we have successfully explored a natural agricultural model suitable for our region in the experiments, demonstrations and popularization of pig and chicken, green rice, vegetables and fruits, trained more than 3,400 farmers, and compiled and distributed practical technical materials1kloc-0/000. In August 2004, the Chinese version of Natural Agriculture by Mr. Zhao was published by Yanbian University Press. The popularization of natural agriculture has achieved good ecological, social and economic benefits and is well received by farmers. The scientific and technical personnel of Yanbian Institute of Natural Agriculture have demonstrated and popularized natural agriculture not only in Yanbian, but also in Changchun, Jilin and jiaohe city in Jilin Province, Dongning and Ning 'an counties in Heilongjiang Province, pingdu city in Shandong Province and Qingxian County in Hebei Province.
Pollution-free and zero-emission fermentation bed lazy pig raising method is also called natural pig raising method, ecological pig raising method, happy pig raising method and lazy pig raising method.
There are several "headaches" in raising pigs: heavy odor, troublesome dung removal, urgent warmth in winter and busy ventilation in summer! Using the micro-ecological pig house fermentation bed can make the "four pests" empty!
With the development of pig industry and the continuous expansion of pig herds, the emissions of pig manure and pig urine are also increasing rapidly. The original sewage discharge purification treatment system will be difficult to meet the needs of production development. How to deal with the pollution caused by pig manure and pig urine, especially the large amount of manure discharged from large-scale pig farms, has become an urgent problem.
The lazy pig raising method with fermentation bed is an environmentally friendly, safe and effective ecological pig raising method put forward by our company based on many years of practical experience, using a brand-new concept of natural agriculture and combining modern microbial fermentation treatment technology. It realizes zero emission, no pollution and no peculiar smell, and completely solves the environmental pollution problem of large-scale pig farms. It is a virtuous circle ecological pig raising system that integrates pig raising science, nutrition, environmental hygiene, biology and soil fertilizer science and follows the principles of low cost, high output and no pollution. It is another highlight of the development of industrialized large-scale pig raising to a certain stage, and it is a new model for the sustainable development of pig raising industry.
I. Introduction
The principle of the lazy pig-raising method in the fermentation bed is that the microbial fermentation bed is used for natural biological fermentation (the feed is promoted to be absorbed by microbial anaerobic fermentation, and the feces is decomposed by microbial aerobic fermentation), that is, the strains of the lazy pig-raising method in the fermentation bed of Guangzhou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd. are fermented and propagated with straw, sawdust, rice husk powder and feces (or soil) according to a certain proportion, forming a micro-ecological fermentation bed factory, which is used as the padding of pig pens. Then, the pig's rummaging habit is used as an opportunity to fully mix pig manure, urine and padding, and the organic matter in pig manure and urine is fully decomposed and transformed by decomposition and fermentation in a fermentation bed, and microorganisms feed on undigested pig manure for reproduction. Treat it with pig manure and urine, and the smell will be gone. At the same time, a large number of microorganisms provide inorganic nutrition for pigs, and protein is eaten by pigs, thus complementing each other to turn the pigsty padding fermentation bed into a micro-ecological feed processing plant, achieving the purpose of odorless, tasteless and harmless. It is a new technology of environmental protection and ecological pig raising without pollution, emission and odor, and has the advantages of low cost, less material consumption, simple operation, high benefit and no pollution.
Second, the advantages of the lazy pig raising method in the fermentation bed
1, less investment, low cost, simple construction, multi-purpose for one machine, easy to change production and reduce investment risk.
To build a pig shed with fattening pigs 100 pigs, it only needs to invest about 4,000 yuan, and the cost per square meter is about 40 yuan. Generally, the span of the pig shed is 4 ~ 5m, the length is 20 ~ 25m, and the height of the surrounding fence is1.0 ~1.2m. The supporting shed can be made of hollow bricks and other materials. The height of the shed is generally 2.7 ~ 3.0 meters, and the material can be steel bars, cement and other materials, and the top is covered with plastic film, weaving, grass curtains and so on. There is no fence around the greenhouse, which is equivalent to a summer pavilion. Putting down the plastic film in winter becomes a warm circle, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a good growth environment for pigs.
Greenhouse can be used for multiple purposes, not only for raising pigs, but also for raising cattle, sheep, rabbits and chickens. And can change the output at any time, planting greenhouse vegetables, mushrooms and so on. , increased the ability to resist risks.
2. Zero emission, no odor and no pollution.
The lazy pig raising method is different from the general traditional pig raising method. Pig manure and pig urine can be kept in piggery for a long time without being discharged or flowing around. There is no need to remove feces during the whole fattening period, and it can be removed once after the pigs are slaughtered, which will not affect the development of pigs. As microbial strains are added to pig feed and padding, it is beneficial to the decomposition and transformation of protein in feed and reduce the odor of feces; At the same time, in the bedding fermentation bed, the bedding, feces, urine and surplus feed are all nutritious foods that are continuously decomposed by microorganisms, so there will be no scene in which feces and garbage stink. In the whole fermentation bed, pigs form an "ecological chain" with padding, pig manure, residual materials and microorganisms. The fermentation bed is like an ecological factory, which is always in the state of flow production. Organic substances such as padding, pig manure and residual materials are transformed through the "central" circulation of bacteria in the fermentation bed, and microorganisms are "eating" the padding, pig manure and residual materials. Pigs "eat" microorganisms (including various fungal hyphae, protein, metabolites of functional microorganisms, trace elements decomposed by fermentation, etc. ), and there is no waste and residue in the whole pigsty. When fermenting, the temperature in the center of the fermentation bed can reach 60 ~ 70 degrees, which can kill the eggs and germs in the feces, clean and sanitary, and make flies and mosquitoes lose their survival foundation, so the fermentation bed pigsty is very clean.
If it is pig+fish farming or duck+fish farming, it is necessary to use pig manure urine and duck manure water, and the pigsty can adopt an ecological bed on the ground with a cement floor under it (the old pigsty can be raised by 50-90cm). Using ecological bed to purify feces and urine to form microecological preparation, and then discharging it into pond to purify water quality. In the whole process, the ecological bed formed a micro-ecological purification and processing plant for feces and micro-ecological preparations. Through continuous supply of strains, continuous treatment of feces and urine, and processing of microecological agents, the environment and water quality of pigsty can be purified.
3, the environment is superior, the incidence rate is reduced, and medication is reduced.
The environment in the fermentation bed is superior, "warm in winter and cool in summer", which is warm in winter and cool in summer because the mixture of padding, pig manure and residue is rapidly fermented and decomposed under the action of bacteria in the fermentation bed to generate heat. The bottom temperature can reach 40 ~ 50 degrees, even 60 ~ 70 degrees in the middle, and the surface temperature can be maintained at 25 ~ 30 degrees for a long time. This environment can prevent pigs from catching cold and getting sick in winter. It is cool in summer, and the uncovered plastic film around it is the summer arbor. Coolness is not only related to temperature, but also related to humidity. The temperature of the fermentation bed does not rise indefinitely, and it can also be controlled artificially. Suppose that when the temperature in the fermentation bed rises to be close to or higher than the indoor or outdoor temperature, hot air rises and cold air enters from all around, resulting in convection, rapid temperature drop and a sense of coolness. At the same time, because there is no fecal waste in the circle, it looks dry and will not produce a feeling of damp heat and tightness. Summer can prevent pig manure from being damp and smelly, affecting the occurrence of respiratory diseases and digestive tract diseases. Pigs living in fermentation beds are the most comfortable all year round. Pigs live in a free and happy environment, their ability to resist various diseases is enhanced, and the use of veterinary drugs and vaccines is declining.
4. Save labor and improve efficiency.
It takes a lot of labor to clean up feces and urine in ordinary pigsty. The lazy pig raising method in the fermentation bed saves the cleaning of the pig house. The main job is to add feed, and then install automatic trough and automatic water dispenser in the pigsty, which saves labor and effort. One person can raise thousands of pigs, and the labor efficiency can be improved by more than 60%, which is conducive to the large-scale and industrialized development of pig raising.
5. Save water, electricity, coal and materials, and reduce the feeding cost.
Conventional feeding needs a lot of water to wash pig manure and urine, and the lazy pig raising method in fermentation bed is free of washing water, as long as drinking water is enough, so it saves 90% water. The environment of "warm in winter and cool in summer" saves a lot of electric coal. After fermentation, the mixture of padding, pig manure and residual feed in the fermentation bed decomposes or degrades many beneficial substances, such as actinomycetes mycelium, trace elements and protein. Moreover, the wood fiber and semi-fiber in sawdust can also be degraded into fermentable sugar, which also plays a very good role in promoting the growth of pigs. By turning over the arch to eat, pigs provide some nutrition, thus reducing the supply of concentrated feed. According to the preliminary test, the concentrated feed can be saved by 20%, and the average daily gain is one or two hundred grams higher than that of pigs without fermentation bed.
Each pig can save about 50 yuan in materials, water, electricity and coal, about 10 yuan in veterinary drugs and vaccines, about 20 yuan in labor costs, and about 40 yuan in sales revenue. The total revenue can reach 1 10 yuan, with obvious benefits. If a pigsty with an area of 1000 square meters is built, each batch can raise 700 pigs, and the annual output can reach 2,000 pigs, then the investment in fixed assets such as pigsty is about 200,000 yuan, and all the investment can be recovered in that year, with a surplus, which has a good prospect of social popularization and application.
6. Improve the quality of meat, eggs and milk, and produce "green meat", "farm eggs" and "no milk resistance".
There are many factors that affect the quality of meat, such as the use of various veterinary drugs, inappropriate feed additives and unqualified feed. , resulting in more water and poor taste of pork. Pigs growing in humid environment have high water content, and their pork does not have that natural flavor. Pigs who use too much factory feed, veterinary drugs or additives for a long time have an odor in their meat. Using fermentation bed to breed animals, by eating beneficial microorganisms propagated in the fermentation bed, the consumption of additives, antibiotics and veterinary drugs can be reduced, the digestion and absorption function can be enhanced, and the nutrients and natural pigments in feed can be fully absorbed and utilized. It is not necessary to add chemical pigments Sudan red and allicin red to cause harmful substances to human body and affect the natural edible flavor of livestock and poultry products, which can be comparable to domestic livestock and poultry meat. It can naturally increase the coloring and edible flavor of animal products, and the pig's skin is ruddy and its coat color is shiny; The color of broilers and ducks deepened; Improve the quality and color of eggshells, make egg whites thicker and egg yolks brighter.