Two-dimensional bar code with stacked/row arrangement
Line by line two-dimensional bar code
Two-dimensional bar code (also known as stacked two-dimensional bar code or layered two-dimensional bar code), its coding principle is based on one-dimensional bar code and stacked into two or more lines as needed. It inherits some characteristics of one-dimensional bar code in coding design, checking principle and reading mode, and the reading equipment is compatible with bar code printing and one-dimensional bar code technology. However, due to the increase of the number of lines, it is necessary to judge the number of lines, and its decoding algorithm and software are not exactly the same as those of one-dimensional bar code. The representative two-dimensional bar codes are CODE49, CODE 16K, PDF4 17, etc. Among them, CODE49 is the first two-dimensional barcode developed by Dr. David Allair and introduced by Intermec in 1987. Code 49 Barcode 49 is a multi-layer, continuous and variable-length bar code symbol, which can represent all 128 ASCII characters. Each Code 49 barcode symbol consists of 2 to 8 layers, and each layer has 18 and 17 blanks. These layers are separated by a layer separator. Each layer contains a layer identifier, and the last layer contains information indicating the number of symbol layers. Ted Williams of laser light systems with code 16K barcode1988 introduced the second 2D barcode code 16K. Code 16K barcode is a multi-layer, continuous and variable-length barcode symbol, which can represent the full ASCII character set of 128 characters and extended ASCII characters. It uses UPC and Code 128 characters. 16 layer code 16K symbol can represent 77 ASCII characters or 154 numeric characters. The code 16K identifies the layer number through a unique start/stop, and performs error checking through character self-checking and two check characters of the module 107.
Matrix QR code
Short array two-dimensional bar code (also known as chessboard two-dimensional bar code) is coded in rectangular space by the different distribution of black and white pixels in the matrix. In the position of the corresponding element in the matrix, the binary "1" is represented by the appearance of points (squares, points or other shapes), and the binary "0" is represented by the absence of points. The arrangement and combination of points determine the meaning represented by matrix two-dimensional bar code. Matrix two-dimensional bar code is a new coding system based on computer image processing technology and combined coding principle, which can automatically read and process graphic symbols. Representative matrix two-dimensional codes include: code one, Maxi code, two-dimensional code, data matrix and so on. At present, among dozens of QR codes, the commonly used code systems are: PDF4 17 QR code, Datamatrix QR code, Maxicode QR code, Code 49, Code 16K, Code one and so on. In addition to these common 2D barcodes, there are Vericode barcode, CP barcode, Codablock F barcode, Tian Zi barcode, Ultracode barcode and so on.
Edit the reading equipment in this paragraph
A. According to different reading principles, two-dimensional bar code reading equipment can be divided into: (1) linear CCD and linear imager, which can read one-dimensional bar codes and linearly superimposed two-dimensional codes (such as PDF4 17). When reading a two-dimensional bar code, you need to scan the whole bar code vertically, which is called "scanning reading". This product is cheaper. (2) The laser reader with grating can read one-dimensional bar codes and linearly superimposed two-dimensional codes. When reading the QR code, aim the light at the bar code, and the grating element completes vertical scanning without manual scanning. (3) The image reader can read one-dimensional barcodes and various two-dimensional barcodes by analyzing and decoding the barcode images collected by the area CCD. B. Two-dimensional bar code reading equipment can be divided into handheld and fixed according to different working modes. Hand-held: that is, two-dimensional code scanning gun. A barcode scanner that can scan the QR code, QR code and DM code of PDF4 17, such as DS6707. Symbolic DS6708 and so on. Fixed: that is, two-dimensional code reader, desktop, hands-free, placed on the desk or fixed in terminal equipment, such as SL-QC 15S of SUMLUNG, etc. It can recognize the two-dimensional code printed on paper and the two-dimensional code on mobile phone screen, so it is widely used in electronic ticketing, electronic coupons, membership systems, mobile phone two-dimensional code boarding and other fields. Handheld DS6707
SUMLUNG barcode scanner
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Edit the reading equipment in this paragraph
Two-dimensional bar code reading equipment can be divided into: (1) linear CCD and linear imager, which can read one-dimensional bar codes and progressive two-dimensional bar codes (such as PDF4 17). When reading a two-dimensional bar code, you need to scan the whole bar code vertically, which is also called "scanning reading". The price of this kind of products is relatively cheap. (2) The laser reader with grating can read one-dimensional bar code and two-dimensional bar code line by line. When reading the QR code, the scanning light is aimed at the barcode, and the vertical scanning is completed by the grating assembly without manual scanning. (3) The image reader analyzes and decodes the barcode image by using the area CCD camera, and can read one-dimensional barcode and two-dimensional barcode. In addition, two-dimensional bar code reading equipment can be divided into hand-held, fixed and plane scanning according to different working modes. Two-dimensional bar code reading equipment will have some restrictions on reading two-dimensional bar codes, but they can all recognize one-dimensional bar codes.
Edit this quality inspection
Whether it is 1 dimensional bar code or 2-dimensional bar code, it will inevitably be defaced and deformed in the circulation process. Very two-dimensional bar code
In the printing process, it is impossible to fundamentally guarantee its printing quality. In order to ensure the readability of two-dimensional bar codes in circulation, bar codes must be tested after printing to evaluate their quality level. For two-dimensional bar codes, there are two international standards for quality evaluation: ISO 154 16 and ISO 15426-2. At present, there are only a handful of two-dimensional bar code detection devices with ratings ranging from A to F, among which TRUCHECK of WEBSCAN Company in Webbergen, USA is the most typical one, which can be regarded as a representative of the industry. The newly established Webergen China Technical Service Center reflects its emphasis on the market of GS 1 China, which is also the inevitable result of the implementation of GS 1 in China. The following is a brief introduction to the two-dimensional bar code quality inspection equipment of Weber's company: (1) TruCheck10/series: detecting common1dimensional bar codes, such as code 93, code 128, EUA, etc. (2) Trucheck 20 1 series: all 1 dimensional barcodes can be detected, and some 2-dimensional barcodes such as RSS and PDF 4 17 can be detected and evaluated; (3) Trucheck 40 1 series: test all 1 dimensional barcodes and all two-dimensional barcodes.
Editing barcodes develops in this paragraph.
The research on two-dimensional bar code technology abroad began in the late 1980s. In the research of two-dimensional bar code symbol representation technology, many coding systems have been developed, such as DF4 17, QR code, Code 49, Code 16K, Code One, etc. The density of these two-dimensional bar codes is much higher than that of the traditional one-dimensional bar codes. For example, the information density of PDF4 17 is more than 20 times that of one-dimensional bar code 39. In the research of two-dimensional bar code standardization, International Association of Automatic Identification Manufacturers (AIM) and American Standardization Association (ANSI) have completed the symbol standards of PDF4 17, QR code, Code 49, Code 16K and Code One. The newly established international standardization organization, the third1sub-committee of the first joint committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission, namely the Technical Committee for Automatic Bar Code Recognition (ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC31), The international standard of two-dimensional bar code (ISO/IEC 18004: 2000 "Automatic Identification and Data Acquisition Technology-Bar Code Technical Specification -QR Code") and the draft ISO/IEC standard of two-dimensional bar code such as PDF465438 have been formulated. In the research and development and production of two-dimensional bar code equipment, reading equipment and symbol generation equipment produced by equipment manufacturers in the United States, Japan and other countries have been widely used in various two-dimensional bar code application systems. As a brand-new information storage, transmission and identification technology, two-dimensional bar code has attracted the attention of many countries in the world since its birth. The United States, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Egypt, Colombia, Bahrain, Singapore, the Philippines, South Africa, Canada and other countries not only apply the two-dimensional barcode technology to the management of various documents in public security, diplomacy, military and other departments, but also apply the two-dimensional barcode technology to the management of various reports and bills in customs, taxation and other departments, the management of goods and goods transportation in commercial and transportation departments, the management of postal parcels in postal departments, and industrial fields. The research on two-dimensional bar code technology in China began with 1993. China Article Coding Center has conducted translation and tracking research on several commonly used 2D barcode technical specifications, such as PDF4 17, QR code, data matrix, Maxi code, Code 49, Code 16K and Code One. With the continuous improvement of China's market economy and the rapid development of information technology, the research and demand for new QR code technology in China is increasing day by day. For example, the barcode recognition subsystem of Silicon Sensing Technology adopts CIS image sensing technology with independent intellectual property rights and cooperates with the self-developed CompactMatrix two-dimensional barcode, which overcomes the patent barriers in software and hardware and effectively reduces the cost of the two-dimensional barcode recognition subsystem. Bellon QR code system has a set of independent intellectual property rights, including the underlying core technology, which fills the domestic gap. With the strong support of the former State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the relevant state departments, China Article Coding Center has continuously deepened the research on QR code technology. On the basis of digesting relevant foreign technical data, two national standards of two-dimensional bar code are formulated: GB/T17172-1997 "417 Bar Code" and GB/T 18284-2000 "Fast Response Matrix Code". China standards for Peron 2D barcode and silicon 2D barcode are being formulated. In order to apply 2D barcode technology to the license management field in China, based on foreign application software platforms, the center developed portrait photo and fingerprint data compression software. Two-dimensional code technology has been applied to China automobile industry automation production line, medical emergency service card, foreign-related patent case charges, jewelry management and bank draft; 1During the Third Session of the Ninth National People's Congress and the Third Session of the Ninth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held in March, 1999, the QR code technology was successfully applied to the accompanying personnel, press cards, gallery and other documents, which attracted great attention from delegates and the press. Two-dimensional bar codes have been applied to passports of the China Special Administrative Region. The application of Bellon 2D barcode and CM 2D barcode independently researched and developed in China has been reported, and will be widely used in all kinds of fields that require high security, such as licenses, postal services, production lines, warehousing, goods distribution, etc., which require high synchronization of logistics and information flow, as well as banking, industry and commerce, taxation, customs and other departments with high management requirements. The General Administration of Civil Aviation of China began to adopt the QR code in the national 127 airport motor vehicle driver's license security and anti-counterfeiting system. The QR code of China civil aviation driver's license is equipped with 24-bit all-natural color facial photo biological equipment, with an area of only 6.0 cm. The information density is 24.55 times higher than that of the QR code technology used in American military ID cards and 66.26 times higher than that of the most advanced Kentucky driver's license in the United States. CM QR code with completely independent intellectual property rights and its corresponding reading technology have a maximum storage capacity of 32KB for key information, which makes it possible to encode and store more information such as avatar, fingerprint, voice and palm print. High information density, strong error correction ability and high decoding reliability. In addition, the company adopts the unique patented CIS image sensing technology, which makes its reading equipment very competitive in price. It is expected that 40 states in the United States will fully adopt China's CM two-dimensional bar code (CompactMatrix) technology in the production of driver's licenses, and at the same time, it has reached the intention of popularizing and applying this technology in Mexican national identity cards.
Edit the barcode characteristics of this paragraph.
1. high-density coding, large information capacity: it can accommodate up to 1850 capital letters or 27 10 numbers or10/08 bytes, or more than 500 Chinese characters, which is several times higher than ordinary bar codes. 2. Wide coding range: Barcodes can encode digitized information, such as pictures, sounds, characters, signatures, fingerprints, etc. , and represented by bar code; Can represent multiple languages; Can represent image data. 3. Strong fault tolerance and error correction function: This enables the QR code to be read correctly when it is partially damaged due to perforation, fouling, etc. When the damaged area reaches 50%, the information can still be recovered. 4. High decoding reliability: far lower than the decoding error rate of two millionths of ordinary bar codes, and the error rate does not exceed one millionth. 5. Encryption measures can be introduced: good confidentiality and strong anti-counterfeiting. 6. Low cost, easy to manufacture and durable. 7. The shape, size and proportion of bar code symbols are variable. 8. Two-dimensional barcode can be read by laser or CCD reader. 9. Provide copy and fax services.
Edit this barcode application.
Two-dimensional bar code has the characteristics of large storage capacity, high confidentiality, high traceability, strong anti-loss ability, high redundancy and low cost. These features are especially suitable for forms, security, tracking, licensing, inventory checking, data backup and so on.
Form application
The transmission and exchange of official document forms, business forms, import and export declarations, manifests and other data can reduce repeated manual input of form data, avoid human errors and reduce labor costs.
Security application
Encryption and transmission of confidential information such as business information, economic information, political information, military information and private information.
Tracking application
Automatic tracking of official documents, automatic tracking of production line parts, automatic tracking of customer service, automatic tracking of mail order delivery, automatic tracking of maintenance records, automatic tracking of dangerous goods, automatic tracking of logistics supply, automatic tracking of physical examination, automatic tracking of ecological research (animals, birds ...), and so on.
Permit application
Registration and automatic input of passport, ID card, registration card, driver's license, membership card, ID card, chain store membership card, etc. , so as to play the information management effect of "reading on demand" and "instant access".
Inventory application
Automatic inventory of goods and fixed assets in logistics centers, storage centers and joint logistics centers can play the role of "immediate inventory and immediate decision-making".
Backup application
If the data of documents and tables are unwilling or unable to be stored in electronic media such as disks and optical disks, two-dimensional bar codes can be used to store and back up, which is convenient to carry, not afraid of folding, and can be stored for a long time, and more backups can be made by copying and faxing.
Edit this one-dimensional barcode
From the semiotic point of view, two-dimensional bar code and one-dimensional bar code are both means of information representation, carrying and reading. But from the application point of view, although we can choose one of them to meet our own needs in some specific occasions, their application focuses are different: one-dimensional bar code is used to identify "articles" and two-dimensional bar code is used to describe "articles". On the basis of fully considering the characteristics of the two coding systems, EAN and UCC provide better automatic identification for very small product items (such as syringes, vials and telecom circuit boards), randomly measured retail items (such as meat, poultry and bagged agricultural products), single agricultural products (such as apples and oranges) and logistics units with insufficient available space, so as to improve all information (such as the content information of mixed trade goods trays). UCC comprehensive code. The main characteristics of two-dimensional bar code are large information capacity, high security, high reading rate and strong error correction ability. Two-dimensional bar code: a bar code that stores information in two-dimensional space in horizontal and vertical directions, called two-dimensional bar code, which can directly display English, Chinese, numbers, symbols and patterns; The amount of stored data is large, which can store 1K characters, and the content can be directly read by the scanner without connecting to another database; High confidentiality (encryption); When the security level is the highest, complete information can still be read when 50% pollution is damaged. One-dimensional barcode: One-dimensional barcode only expresses information in one direction (generally horizontal direction), and does not express any information in the vertical direction. Its height is usually for the convenience of readers' alignment. The application of one-dimensional bar code can improve the speed of information input and reduce the error rate, and can directly display English, numbers and simple symbols; There is not much data stored, mainly relying on the related database in the computer; The confidentiality performance is not high; Poor readability after pollution.