Sugar cane is a fruit that most people have eaten, and most people like this fruit. Among sugar canes, black sugar cane is the most delicious, delicious and juicy. The cultivation technology of black sugar cane It’s not difficult at all. The main aspects include: land selection and preparation, fertilization, planting, etc.
1. Physiological characteristics
Black sugarcane is also called fruit sugarcane (fruit sugarcane) and edible meat cane. Belongs to the genus Sugar in the family Poaceae. Tropical and subtropical origin. It has high requirements on light, heat and water. It is not tolerant to cold, drought and shade, and is suitable for planting in areas below 800 meters above sea level. It has thin skin and crisp stems, juicy and sweet taste, cooling and detoxifying, quenching thirst and hunger, rich in nutrients, and high yield. The economic benefits are good. Therefore, it is favored by consumers and growers. However, black sugarcane, like other crops, should not be continuously cropped for too long. This is due to the high yield and high labor consumption, coupled with unbalanced fertilization, which can easily cause nutrient deficiencies and affect its yield and quality. In addition, the secretions of sugarcane roots are decomposed by microorganisms to produce alcohols and phenolic organic matter. It is detrimental to the growth of sugarcane and measures must be taken to prevent it.
2. Site selection and site preparation
1. Site selection: The altitude must be below 800 meters. The frost-free period lasts for more than 300 days. Sandy loam fields with sufficient sunshine, deep soil, fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage and irrigation, and convenient transportation. Crop rotation is required every 2-3 years.
2. Land preparation: After harvesting the previous crop, the residue should be disposed of in time. If it is an early-planted crop, you should try to flood the field with water for more than a week (7-10 days). To eliminate residues and pests and germs in the soil, plow deeply after the water dries. The depth is required to be more than 30 centimeters; the soil should be blanched to allow it to be fully weathered, and 25-50kg of quicklime should be applied per mu. 7-10 days before planting, the soil is broken, trenches are dug, and the borders are raised. The borders are 1.5-1.8 meters wide and the planting row spacing is 1-1.2 meters; the trench depth and width are 20 cm. Make sure there are about 15-20 buds per meter. Ensure that the effective number of stems per mu is between 4,000-5,000. Soil fertility management is in place. If the fertilizer can keep up, the number of plants can be fewer, and vice versa. Handle the relationship between individuals and groups well. Some places are protected from wind damage. Use hole seeding. Each hole ensures 8-12 effective seedlings. There are 380-450 holes per acre.
3. Fertilization.
Because black cane is eaten as a fruit. It must have thin skin, crisp stems and lots of juice, so it requires high fertilizer requirements. Not only nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, iron and other chemical elements and organic nutrients. It also needs to maintain a balance of various nutrients. Too much nitrogen, whether it is chemical nitrogen, organic nitrogen or even human feces, will taste alkaline or smelly; if there is too much potassium fertilizer, the skin will be thick, the stems will be hard and the juice will be low. Especially too much potassium chloride.
Currently, sugarcane farmers often use chemical fertilizers to grow fruit sugarcane due to limited farmyard manure and large application amounts. Due to its high concentration, there is a fear of burning the roots and damaging the leaves, so the method of applying frequently and thinly is adopted. Withdrawal every 10 days or half a month. The labor consumption is large, and the topsoil is used near the cane stems, which is very unscientific. In fact, no matter what kind of crop, its root system is water-tropic and fertilizer-tropic. Wherever there is water and fertilizer, the root system will extend. Therefore, when we apply fertilizer, it is not only used by crop nutrients and soil microorganisms, but also attracts the root system to extend. Give it a large nutritional surface to get more nutrients.
In addition, the nutrient solution in the soil uses the principles of mass flow and dispersion. It moves towards the rhizosphere of crops, so the fertilizer should be applied slightly farther and more concentrated to achieve the fertilizer effect.
4. Planting
Fruit cane is planted in various parts of Guangxi, mostly from mid-February to the end of March. The temperature is low too early and the growth period is too late to affect the yield. In fact, planting can be carried out as long as the temperature is stable above 15°C. Before planting, you must first select seeds: you should choose sugarcane stems that are thick and even, with consistent lengths of internodes, no cracks, and wide, green leaves. The sugarcane is slightly thicker, and fresh sugarcane free from diseases and insect pests is slightly planted. For example, sugarcane seeds are placed longer apart. Seeds can be soaked in lime water with a concentration of 1_-2_. Seedlings can emerge early and produce strong seedlings. Even if you use fresh cane for a little planting, don't forget to disinfect and spray foliar fertilizer. When planting, the fertilizer must be thoroughly mixed with the subsoil and placed on the bottom layer, with farmyard manure or fine soil 5-6 cm thick on top, and then planted. With the sugarcane buds facing both sides, cover with fine soil 3-5 cm thick and pour enough water or light fertilizer. If the temperature is still low, the soil cover will be thicker, otherwise it will be thin. If it can be covered with film to keep it warm, it will facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After emergence, the film can be removed if the temperature is stable. In some places, it is customary to use slurry soil to retain moisture, and the covering soil is very thin. This is only suitable for late planting and can be selected according to local conditions.
The above is an introduction to the planting technology of black sugarcane. During the planting process of sugarcane, there are several aspects that need to be paid attention to. The first is to understand the growth characteristics of black sugarcane. Since sugarcane is a fruit that likes light and moisture, , so it is best to choose an area with sufficient sunshine and fertile land for planting. Sugarcane has a lot of water content, which is also due to the fertilizer nutrients that are usually applied. It is also necessary to choose a suitable planting time, preferably from February to the end of March. If this period is missed, the yield of sugarcane will be affected.