A lot of research and practice in selecting drought-resistant and high-yield crops and varieties have proved that the water use efficiency of crop varieties is determined by their own genetic characteristics, morphological characteristics and physiological processes, and is reflected in the comprehensive application of environmental conditions and cultivation measures. It has great potential to realize the efficient utilization of water resources by selecting crop varieties in turn.
Improved farming methods and reasonable soil tillage have the functions of regulating soil physical properties, storing water and conserving moisture, and increasing available nutrients. At present, the development trend of China's farming methods is: according to local conditions, from more tillage to less tillage or no tillage, from shallow tillage to deep tillage, from ploughing to subsoiling, from single crop continuous cropping to grain and grass rotation or moderate leisure, paying attention to soil and water conservation and absorbing rainwater to store water.
In addition, a farming technology system with equal emphasis on soil and water conservation has been adopted, such as horizontal contour farming, water storage and fertilizer storage instead of soil farming, water storage and high yield furrow farming, etc. At present, our city should introduce subsoiling plough, no-tillage and excellent fertilization and sowing agricultural machinery and supporting technologies, and broad-spectrum efficient and non-toxic herbicides for our use.
Coupling of water and fertilizer in farmland and efficient utilization technology Water and nutrients are important factors affecting agricultural production, which are closely related to crop growth and yield. The basic problem of crop nutrition is to solve the problems of rational fertilization, improving soil fertility, giving full play to the synergistic effect and incentive mechanism of water and fertilizer, improving water use efficiency and obtaining the maximum economic benefits without increasing the amount of fertilization.
Ground cover technology Ground cover has the advantages of inhibiting soil moisture evaporation, storing precipitation, keeping soil moisture and raising ground temperature. It is a disaster-resistant, water-saving and high-yield measure for efficient utilization of water resources.
The basic principle of chemical water-saving technology is to apply the liquid film formed by the affinity between organic polymers and water to seeds, seedlings, soil and plants respectively, and use polymers or film materials to regulate and control water, so as to achieve the purposes of absorbing and maintaining water, inhibiting evaporation, reducing transpiration, preventing leakage, increasing water storage, saving water and effectively supplying water, thus improving the utilization rate of water.
No-tillage dry seedling raising technology of rice seedbed
Technical introduction: Based on the theory of soil fertility, biology and thermodynamics, this technology comprehensively applies the technical principles of no (less) tillage, seed coating agent (dry nurse), dry seedling raising and plastic film mulching. This technology comprehensively applies advanced technologies such as no-tillage (less tillage), seed coating agent (dry protection), dry seedling raising and plastic film mulching to rice dry seedling raising, which simplifies seedling raising process, reduces seedling raising cost, reduces labor intensity, improves seedling quality and is easy to learn and use. Compared with dry land ploughing and seedling raising, the cost per mu of field can be reduced, and the income can be increased by 35 ~ 40 yuan, with obvious economic benefits.
Technical Director: Agricultural Technology Station of pengshan county Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, Meishan City, Sichuan Province.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Significance: The research group successfully carried out the exploration and research on rice seedbed seedling raising technology without (less) tillage and drought, creatively summed up the "rice seedbed seedling raising technology without (less) tillage and drought", and demonstrated and popularized it in production practice, and achieved remarkable benefits.
Study on prevention and control technology and products of dry seedling diseases
Summary of the Project: In view of the causes of dry-raised rice seedling diseases, this project put forward the disease control technologies of "lack of nutrients and supplement nutrients", "symptomatic medication" and "prevention first", and materialized the technologies, successfully developed a series of "dry-raised green" products for preventing and treating dry-raised rice seedling diseases, and achieved good results in preventing and treating diseases and cultivating strong seedlings.
In this project, "Drought Mabel Miao 1" and "Drought Seedling 3" are used to correct and prevent physiological yellowing; "Drought Mabel Miao" is used to control damping-off disease; "Han Mabel Miao No.4" is used for seed treatment, and can also treat Rhizoctonia solani and bakanae disease. "Han Mabel Miao No.4" and "Han Mabel Miao No.4" are combined into "special fertilizer for dry Mabel Miao seedbed", which integrates sterilization, nutrition supplement and seedling strengthening, effectively prevents physiological and bacterial diseases of dry seedlings, simplifies fertilization technology in seedling fields, and provides reliable guarantee for the popularization of dry seedlings technology.
Project leaders: Huai 'an Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, and Xuhuai Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jiangsu Province.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Application and popularization of high-yield supporting techniques for dry-raised rice seedlings
Technical introduction: According to the characteristics of the rice-wheat (oil) double cropping field in Chengdu Plain, this technology is improved and innovated by applying the technical principle of Japanese dry-raised small seedlings and sparse planting cultivation method, and the key technology of successfully cultivating large seedlings in dry land is studied. The seedling age is 40-60 days and the leaf age is 6.0-8.5 leaves. After 7 years of experiment and demonstration, a set of high-yield cultivation techniques with strong adaptability, wide application range and simple operation has been formed. It broke through the application range of Japanese technology limited to small seedlings, which has important production and cultivation value, and solved the technical problem of popularizing dry seedlings in large areas in two-season fields, and the yield increase rate reached 5%- 10%.
Technical Director: Chengdu Second Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Sichuan Province.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Study on the mechanism of rice seedling death and the development of dry seedling strengthening agent
Project Description: This project adopts the method of acid salt and acid radical adsorbent, and through acid radical adsorption, the conditions required for the growth of dry seedlings can be achieved immediately and effectively. Moreover, sulfur and dilute acid have no destructive effect on soil structure, and can be decomposed into nutrient elements and absorbed by seedlings, which is an ideal way to adjust acid. The screened stomatal closure regulator can reduce transpiration water loss, reduce the occurrence of bacterial wilt and greatly enhance the drought resistance of seedlings by regulating stomatal closure.
Project leader: Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Project Phase: Mid-term.
Study on new rice nutrition regulator
Product Description: By studying the quality and stress resistance of seedlings with different treatments, this product screened out the latest scientific formula and mastered its application technology. Also developed the donkey nest fort. Using seedling promoters and biological agents can improve seedling quality and fertilizer utilization rate, achieve the purpose of strengthening seedlings and preventing diseases, and reduce the dosage of pesticides and fertilizers, thus reducing costs and protecting the environment.
To study the optimum dosage and proportion of seedling promoters, biological agents and nutrient elements needed for seedling growth and development; Enhance the rooting ability and root function of seedlings, adjust the growth balance between aboveground and underground, and enhance disease resistance and stress resistance; Screen out the latest scientific formula and master the use technology of this product.
Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Province.
Product stage: mature application stage.
Significance: The nutrient soil mother agent for dry-raised rice seedlings developed by this product is based on reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and harmful pesticides, making full use of beneficial biological bacterial fertilizers and plant-derived biological extracts, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening seedlings and protecting the environment.
Development and demonstration of drought-resistant and no-tillage precision seeder
Product Description: The product has developed 2BQMS-2 no-tillage, diving precision sowing and fertilizing machine. This machine is matched with 1 1 ~ 13.2 kW four-wheel tractor. It integrates three advanced technologies, namely, submerged sowing, no-tillage sowing and precision sowing. It can complete multiple operations at one time, with high operation efficiency, timely sowing, high yield, full use of supporting power, energy saving and low operation cost. At the same time, according to the actual needs of the sowing season, it can meet a variety of different sowing operations and realize the accurate sowing of corn, soybeans and peanuts. The machine can fully meet the technical requirements of no-tillage, sitting in water, precision sowing and fertilization in agriculture, and all performance indexes meet the requirements of the scheme, which is welcomed by farmers.
Liaoning Institute of Agricultural Mechanization.
The stage of the product: the middle stage.
Demonstration and popularization of corn seed coating technology
Technical introduction: This technology is to mix the seed coating agent with the seed according to a certain proportion, so that the surface of the seed will solidify evenly, and it will only rise and become insoluble when it meets water, forming a protective barrier around the seed, sterilizing the seed and preventing the infection of soil-borne bacteria. With the germination of seeds, the underground roots will slowly release chemicals and fertilizers, which can play a role in preventing and controlling pests and diseases, ensuring that seedlings are complete, neat and Miao Zhuang, grow sturdily, have strong roots and leaves, and plant health, laying a good foundation for increasing production.
Technical responsibility: seed management station in Jinggu County, Yunnan Province.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Research and development of vegetable seed coating agent
Product Description: This product has developed 1 and three kinds of high-quality, efficient and safe seed coating formulas for cabbage, tomato, cucumber, pepper and green vegetables. Production of more than 650 kilograms of coating agent, coating all kinds of seeds 1 1000 kilograms for demonstration planting; The field experiment proved that the coating agent can improve the quality and survival rate of seedlings, and the effect of preventing and treating some diseases at seedling stage is more than 60% higher than that of the control, and the yield of some leafy vegetables is increased by 5 ~ 10%. The seed coating technology and technology of main vegetable crops, such as cabbage, tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper and eggplant, which can be commercialized were put forward.
Institute of Horticulture and Vegetables, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Significance: This product adopts natural bioactive substances, which is in line with the development direction of drugs in China. Film coating reduces the quantity and dosage of pesticides used in the field; Pelletizing coating saves sowing amount, ingredients and pesticide dosage; In addition, seed coating can improve seed quality and market competitiveness.
Development and application of compound multifunctional agricultural water-retaining agent
Product Description: This product adopts the patented technology of "controlled synthesis by aqueous solution polymerization" to produce super absorbent resin, which effectively solves the problem of explosion polymerization in the production process. A special cross-linking agent was selected, which solved the technical difficulties of compounding inorganic nutrients, inorganic water-absorbing minerals, plant growth regulators and superabsorbent resin, and made the one-time yield of the product reach over 85%.
This product improves the function of water-retaining agent from the aspects of physical water retention and improving the water absorption capacity of roots, and forms a product with multiple functions of water retention, water supply, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer supply and crop physiological adjustment, which improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Significance: the overall research level of this product has reached the domestic leading level, and it has reached the international advanced level in terms of multi-function, long-term, low cost and salt tolerance.
5BW-50 seed coating granulator
Product Description: This product introduced the new technology of seed-coated pelleting, and developed 5BW50 seed-coated pelleting machine. This product is mainly used for coating and granulating seeds of cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, flowers and Eupatorium odoratum.
The control system of 5BW50 seed coating granulator adopts industrial special computer, which can finish the coating or granulating operation of grain, vegetables, pasture and cash crops with high quality and precision. In order to meet the requirements of different scale seed processing, the control system can be switched between automatic and manual.
The machine has the characteristics of accurate measurement, convenient adjustment of the proportion of medicine, powder and seed, uniform atomization, good coating granulation quality, high electrochemical productivity, corrosion resistance and long service life.
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Development of Low-cost and Salt-tolerant New Water-retaining Agent
Product Description: This project adopts aqueous solution polymerization method to graft cheap inorganic clay attapulgite with hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid to prepare super absorbent composite water-absorbent materials. Because the composite absorbent material has the characteristics of low cost, salt and alkali resistance and high water absorption. The surface activity of attapulgite can be improved by pretreatment, which can improve the gel strength and water absorption of cross-linked organic-inorganic graft copolymer products. The experimental results show that the water-retaining agent developed by the organic-inorganic composite method can be reused many times, and its service life is longer than that of the single organic polymer water-retaining agent at present. Organic-inorganic composite water absorbent greatly reduces the product cost.
At present, the product can be widely used in the ecological construction of western agriculture, forestry and arid and semi-arid areas such as drought resistance, seed coating, crop root dipping, soil and water conservation and soil improvement.
Product leader: Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Development of nutritional drought-resistant water-retaining agent and its yield-increasing effect
Product description: The nutritional water-retaining agent has a spherical or elliptical appearance and any other geometric shape. Comprise an inner core and an out shell, wherein that outer shell is a nutrient organic-inorganic complex, and the main components are rare earth, soil minerals, fly ash, adhesive, cellulose, insecticide, bactericide, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient and trace elements. The inner core is a composite water-retaining agent, and its main components include polymer water-absorbing material, rare earth, cellulose, trace elements and phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and its water absorption multiple is 50-300 times.
Field experiments and demonstrations show that the nutrient drought-resistant water-retaining agent and the nutrient drought-resistant water-retaining ball can effectively improve the water storage capacity of soil and improve the soil structure, have no side effects on crops, pollute the environment, are harmless to people and livestock, have obvious effects of promoting roots and strengthening seedlings, and can effectively improve the precipitation utilization rate in dry farming areas.
Technical Director: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Significance: This study has solved the formula, production technology and crop yield-increasing effect of nutritional drought-resistant water-retaining agent, and the products studied are suitable for all crops and landscaping.
Application and popularization of agricultural drought resistance and water conservation technology
Technology introduction: This technology takes full use of limited water resources as the core, introduces and promotes environmental protection and high-efficiency drought-resistant water-retaining agent, promotes the economical and high-efficiency application technology of water-retaining agent, and assembles and matches agronomic water-saving technologies such as suitable sowing date, improving sowing quality, rational fertilization, plastic film and straw mulching. Guided by the construction of demonstration area and guaranteed by technical training, the application of water retaining agent in the project area is realized by using the existing network system of up-and-down linkage and horizontal joint promotion, saving water and increasing efficiency, and improving water utilization rate. This technology has been applied to 10 crops such as grain, cash crops, melons and vegetables, forest fruits, etc. The application method, application effect and supporting technology of water-retaining agent have been studied and demonstrated, and a set of mature application specifications of water-retaining agent have been formed.
Technical person in charge: Tianjin Agricultural Technology Extension Station.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Significance: In view of the increasingly severe shortage of water resources in Tianjin, it is of great significance to popularize environmental protection, high-efficiency drought-resistant and water-saving agent and related water-saving technologies, which can improve the water storage and supply capacity of topsoil, make full use of precipitation and irrigation water, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and ensure crop production.
Development and application of rice water-saving and efficiency-increasing technology
Technical introduction: This technology mainly adopts the combination of biological water saving, agronomic water saving, chemical water saving, engineering water saving and management water saving, and is matched with the corresponding water saving main technology and supporting technology.
Specific technical measures: change the traditional farming methods, carry out whole dry land preparation and less no-tillage cultivation; Change the irrigation method of keeping the water layer shallow, wet, dry and even wet during the whole growth period of rice; Adopt various water-saving cultivation methods such as dry farming in paddy field, plastic film mulching, straw mulching and seedling throwing; Choose pesticides or biological agents with high efficiency, low toxicity, broad spectrum and low residue to reduce environmental pollution and advocate green planting.
Technical responsibility: Institute of Rice Cultivation, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Northern Hybrid Japonica Rice Engineering Technology Center.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Demonstration and popularization of standardized technology for dry cultivation and sparse planting of rice
Technology introduction: This technology has absorbed advanced rice production concepts and technical connotations from Japan and Northeast China, and established technical regulations for rice production in Ningxia through scientific and technological research and integrated demonstration. The comprehensive application of key technologies such as strong seedlings in dry land, wide row and sparse planting, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium control and irrigation control has optimized the population structure, balanced population growth, vigorous individual growth and early development process, enhanced the ability to resist chilling injury, drought and disease, and solved the "three highs" problem that has long plagued rice production in Ningxia.
Technical person in charge: Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Ningxia.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Significance: The technology has taken measures such as establishing accurate demonstration area and training farmers' technical team, and demonstrated and popularized 870,000 mu of standardized technology of dry cultivation and sparse planting, which has made outstanding contributions to establishing the dominant position of rice industrialization in Ningxia and ensuring food security.
Research and demonstration on standardized technical system of rice dry farming and sparse planting
Technology introduction: Aiming at the common phenomena of low seedling quality, large sowing amount, high density and high nitrogen application rate in rice industrialization production in Ningxia, this technology draws lessons from the most advanced rice cultivation theory and technology at home and abroad, starts with improving seedling quality, improves field cultivation technology and management mode, and realizes the development of paddy field from random unfixed to fixed direction, and the fertilization mode is diversified from single spring application in the past to summer heaped autumn application, summer heaped spring application and fixed fertilization. The combination of standardization technology and high-quality varieties has achieved good results. Through demonstration and verification, the head rice rate increased, the cracked rice rate and chalkiness decreased, and the demonstration technology was recognized by farmers and processing enterprises, which produced good economic and social benefits.
Technical responsibility: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station.
The stage of technology: the initial stage.
Research and application of water storage and moisture conservation mechanism and measures
Project description: Should water be protected? The research and application project of mechanism and measures has carried out the work of water storage and water conservation in view of the current situation of water shortage in Beijing. Through the research on the technology of efficient utilization of water resources, the regional distribution characteristics and inter-annual distribution characteristics of annual average water quantity in Beijing are put forward, and the soil moisture movement under different tillage and engineering measures, rainfall infiltration under slope cover, soil moisture redistribution under slope cover and soil moisture distribution under slope cover are established. Mathematical models such as emotional prediction.
According to the actual needs of production, this project puts forward a livestock water protection scheme suitable for Beijing suburbs. Measures and agronomic measures, the best covering method suitable for seed germination and emergence, water retaining agent technology, etc. A mathematical model reflecting the law of soil moisture movement under straw mulching is established, which can be used in soil? Situation forecast.
Project leader: Beijing Institute of Hydraulic Science.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Significance: Through the implementation of the project, Tongzhou Yongledian Grain Field Experimental Demonstration Zone and Changping Nanshao Fruit Tree Experimental Demonstration Zone were established, with remarkable economic benefits.
Technical specification for seepage control engineering of polyethylene geomembrane
Technical introduction: This specification is formulated to improve the construction level of polyethylene geomembrane seepage control project, prevent the loss or harm caused by water and aqueous solution leakage, improve the utilization rate of water, and make the seepage control project work normally. This specification is applicable to hydraulic structures using unreinforced geomembrane as impervious material. Impervious layers of tunnels or other underground structures and solid waste landfills; Design, construction and acceptance of anti-seepage works such as lining.
Technical responsibility: Beijing Institute of Hydraulic Science.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Development of new liquid plastic film and its application in agriculture and forestry
Product Description: According to the performance of liquid film in heating, water storage and moisture retention, a new type of degradable liquid film is developed, and the application technology in agriculture and forestry is studied to solve the problem of environmental white pollution. The production technology of a new type of liquid mulching film was studied, and a compound emulsifier which is easy to emulsify asphalt and beneficial to plant growth was screened and developed. Compared with Platycladus orientalis, Sabina vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. The survival rates of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Zizyphus jujuba increased by 5.3%, 8.4%, 1.3% and 1.2% respectively. The growth of new shoots increased by 0.5 ~ 6.0 cm.
This product proves that the application of new liquid plastic film can promote the survival and growth of seedlings, and the survival rate of seedlings and the growth of new shoots are generally improved. The effect of liquid plastic film on soil and water conservation was studied by measuring slope runoff by spraying liquid plastic film on slope. By spraying liquid plastic film on quicksand, the change of quicksand quantity is measured, which proves that liquid plastic film can stop and slow down quicksand.
Shaanxi shelter forest construction workstation.
Technical stage: mature application stage.
Water-saving, Drought-resistant and Yield-increasing Techniques of Supplementary Irrigation in Dryland Water Storage Nutrition Bowl
Technical introduction: this technology can be used for seedling raising of melons and vegetables and drought-resistant sowing of field crops, and the seedling raising time is 15-20 days earlier than the normal sowing date; The water content can reach 400-600%, and it can also be used for forestry seedling raising and root protection. The drought-resistant technology of sparse hole close planting precision irrigation adopts the central pit radiation infiltration irrigation method. The drought-resistant technology of straw water storage nutrition bowl and dense planting precision irrigation is mainly suitable for dry land crops, such as watermelon, pumpkin and corn. It is not suitable for densely planted crops such as wheat and can also be used for greenhouse seedling raising and forestry seedling raising.
Technical Director: Dryland Agricultural Research Center of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The stage of technology: the intermediate stage.
Significance: The straw water storage nutrition bowl and its cold pressing forming manufacturing process have been declared as national invention patents. In-hole precision irrigation technology is mainly used for supporting field micro-water collection projects, and also suitable for developing water-saving irrigation in irrigation areas, which has a good application prospect in water saving and drought resistance.
Popularization of permeable plastic film mulching technology
Technical introduction: The project of "Development and Application of Permeable Membrane" established the manufacturer of breathable membrane. Various types of plastic film mulching seeders were reformed. Formed three sets of special agricultural machinery suitable for different regions. The technical regulation of water-permeable plastic film mulching cultivation was compiled. The water use efficiency index was significantly improved. The water productivity index is 1.75kg/mm, which is 29.6% higher than that of covering ordinary plastic film, 0.97 for covering permeable plastic film, 29.3% higher than that of covering ordinary plastic film and 102% higher than that of not covering plastic film. The water use efficiency index of permeable plastic film mulching is 55.2%, which is higher than 47.8% of ordinary plastic film mulching. The yield of corn covered with plastic film increased by 20.0% ~ 35.0%.
Technical responsibility: Institute of Comprehensive Investigation of Agricultural Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Technical stage: mature application stage.