(1) management of growing season
① budding. Bud wiping accounts for half of the pruning workload in the growing season. Generally, the buds on the back of the main branch can not be preserved, especially the vigorous buds; Adult trees can choose to leave fruit branches in the gaps of branch distribution; Short fruit branches on the back of the main branches can bear fruit, but attention should be paid to prevent the occurrence of long branches on young trees.
② the lateral dorsal shoot was promoted. Pay attention to the promotion of lateral dorsal branches while erasing the vigorous buds and over-dense buds on the back. It is not suitable for thinning the long branches in the growing season. Twisting, injury and pulling can be used to control its growth, and it can be thinned out in winter. If the close planting garden needs to be transformed with long branches, 3 ~ 5 buds can be left for heavy cutting after the new shoots stop growing, and the bare main branches or side branches near the long branches can be thinned out when the leaves fall.
③ thinning flowers and fruits. The work of thinning flowers and fruits should be carried out in strict accordance with technical specifications. After the fruit is fixed, the leaf-fruit ratio is generally 25: 1 for small fruit (single fruit weighs 18-25g), 35: 1 for medium fruit (single fruit weighs 25-4g) and 5-6: 1 for large fruit (single fruit weighs more than 5g). For example, for each long fruit branch or fruiting mother branch (about 6 cm in length) of the late-maturing large fruit variety Xingao, 2 ~ 3 fruits are left.
in order to facilitate the operation, when thinning flowers and fruits, 6-1 fruits per square meter can be reserved for thinning according to the size of fruit types, and 2% more should be reserved under the above indicators to prepare for fruit drop caused by unpredictable factors.
(2) winter management
① main side branches. A good skeleton should be formed in the process of tree culture. The main lateral branches are equipped with ribs. When the permanent tree meets the thinning branches, the temporary tree should be retracted in time, or the direction of the temporary branches should be turned to ensure that the permanent branches grow in the original direction.
② Long fruit branches or fruiting mother branches. Long fruit branches or fruit-bearing branches are tied horizontally on the shed surface, and those with thick and hard bases (such as biennial branches) can be cut longitudinally with a knife, twisted and leveled. Long fruit branches should be short and light, and the cutting mouth should be in the substantial part. The cutting mouth bud is the upper leaf bud, and if it is a flower bud, it should be erased. Results The annual branches at the top of the mother branch usually bear axillary flower buds, which bear fruit at the same time as the short fruit branches on the biennial branches of the bearing mother branch, and the fruit quality is poor, so the annual branches at the top of the bearing mother branch should be cut short and heavy without axillary flower buds. Long fruit branches and fruiting mother branches should be evenly distributed on the shed surface, without crossing or overlapping, and occupy the space of the shed surface as much as possible. The spacing between long branches depends on the leaf length (petiole+leaf length) of each variety, such as the spacing between abundant water is 25 cm (petiole and leaf length is 25 cm). It is not suitable to leave branches in the inclined part of the main branches of pear trees during the full fruit period, and the space above the shed can use the returning branches.
③ Regeneration of fruiting branches. Sand pear varieties generally have poor continuous fruiting ability. Fortunately, the fruiting branches are formed after one year, and they need to be updated after the second and third years of fruiting. The continuous occurrence ability of short fruit branches of Xingao and other varieties is slightly stronger, and it will be updated in the sixth year at most.