Since the reform and opening up, China has embarked on a shortcut to speed up the adjustment of industrial structure and economic development by introducing foreign advanced technology. From 1999 to 2003, China imported foreign technology and equipment totaling 7.5 billion US dollars, which promoted the adjustment and optimization of domestic industrial structure and improved the quality of China's economic growth. At present, China's economy has entered a new growth stage, and its industrial structure is facing the task of overall upgrading. Undoubtedly, China still needs to open wider to the outside world, make effective use of both domestic and foreign resources and markets, especially global technical resources, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. In this regard, China must be firm. Economic globalization has further expanded the global allocation space of technical resources and provided rare conditions for China to utilize international technical resources. China should make good use of this opportunity, introduce technology at a deeper level, make use of the huge domestic market, abandon the "market-for-technology strategy" and implement the "competition-for-technology strategy" to further strengthen international technical exchanges and cooperation and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. However, we should also be soberly aware that the innovation ability of domestic enterprises has not been improved correspondingly while China has made extensive use of foreign technical resources. Although the overall situation of China's industrial structure has been greatly improved, it is also a fact that the industrial independent innovation ability is insufficient. Mainly manifested in:
First, technology is highly dependent on foreign countries. China's self-sufficiency rate of key technologies is low, and its dependence on foreign technologies is above 50%, while that of developed countries is below 30%, and that of the United States and Japan is around 5%. Key equipment with high-tech content basically depends on imports. More than 60% of China's annual investment in fixed assets and equipment is "imported".
Second, the digestion and absorption of imported technology is insufficient. For every dollar technology introduced into China, only 0. 07 yuan for digestion and absorption and technological innovation. In the industrialization period, however, Japan and South Korea spent RMB yuan on technology introduction, and RMB yuan on digestion, absorption and technological innovation from 5 yuan to 8 yuan.
Third, it is obviously backward in patented technology and international standards. According to the Swiss Institute of Management, the number of patents per 10,000 people in China is 0. 8 pieces, 737 Japanese and 534 German, 50 times more than China, 50 times more than China and 40 times more than China. In terms of international standards, there are few in China, while there are more than 0,000 technical standards in the European Union, and the industrial standards in Germany are probably. 1994 There are 884 Japanese industrial standards and 397 agricultural products standards.
Fourth, the cost of basic research is insufficient. The long-term low cost of basic research in China makes independent innovation lack appropriate financial support and development potential. From the 1950s to the mid-1960s, the total investment in basic research in the United States increased rapidly, with an average annual increase of over 0%, reaching as high as 4.0% in 1956, and the investment increased from $460 million in 1956 to $664 million in 1965. 1990s, the support was further increased. In 2000, American basic research funds accounted for 8% of the total R&D funds in the United States. Japan is between 10% and 7%. Germany is around 10%. France reached 4% in 1999. In China, the proportion was 5.8% in 1995, 5.73% in 2000, and the growth rate in seven years was less than 0. 1%.
Therefore, on the whole, although China's economy has maintained rapid growth, its scientific and technological innovation ability is seriously insufficient. According to the data provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology, China ranks eighth among 49 major countries in scientific and technological innovation. China's economic development is facing an important strategic choice to comprehensively improve its independent innovation capability. Improving the ability of independent innovation is the basis and premise of promoting industrial upgrading. In the final analysis, the competition of modern enterprises is a contest of enterprise competitiveness, and the ability of independent innovation determines the competitiveness of enterprises. Without independent intellectual property rights and famous brands, the competitiveness of enterprises will lose its connotation and carrier, and enterprises will be in a passive position in the competition.
While introducing a large amount of foreign capital, it also lost many opportunities for independent development. Without independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands, China's competition and development can only be in a weak position. Therefore, to develop large enterprise groups and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, we must put the improvement of independent innovation ability in a more prominent position.