Bamboo leaves are traditional Chinese medicines for clearing away heat and toxic materials. Approved by the people of China and the Ministry of Health as a natural plant with homology of medicine and food, it plays a certain role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the first killer of mankind. Guozhen Zhukangning takes bamboo leaves as the main raw material, and its extract is highly concentrated with flavonoids and coumarin lactones, which has good anti-free radical ability. Its anti-aging, anti-fatigue and immunomodulatory effects are equivalent to those of pine pollen; The effects of lowering blood lipid and cholesterol are similar to those of Ginkgo biloba extract. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects are similar to those of tea polyphenols; It has the health care function of regulating blood lipid and can effectively protect human health.
Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can take: pine pollen+bamboo kangning+health tea. 1, bamboo leaves for relieving summer heat and quenching thirst: five liters of lophatherum gracile, three liang of poria cocos and gypsum (crushed), three liters of wheat and two liang of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Five flavors, two buckets of bamboo leaves boiled in water, eight liters, four liters of medicine, let me take the warm clothes. (Bamboo Leaf Soup, the Secret Recipe of Outer Taiwan)
2. Qi deficiency and vomiting after typhoid fever treatment: two bamboo leaves, one liter of gypsum, 250g of Pinellia ternata (washed), one liter of Radix Ginseng 100g, one liter of Radix Ophiopogonis (heart removed), one liter of Radix Glycyrrhizae (fried) 100g, and half a liter of japonica rice. ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases" Bamboo Leaf Gypsum Soup)
3, bamboo leaves cure children's heart wind heat, mental embarrassment: a bamboo leaf, a glutinous rice, and a half wormwood. Take two glasses of water, boil two flavors, take a cup of juice, throw rice for porridge except me. ("Sheng Huifang" Bamboo Leaf Porridge)
4, cure postpartum stroke fever, redness, wheezing headache: a handful of bamboo leaves, kudzu root, Saposhnikovia root, platycodon grandiflorum, licorice, cassia twig, ginseng, aconite, jujube, ginger. Boil two and a half liters of the top ten flavors with a bucket of water and take them three times at different temperatures. A warm covering will make you sweat. (Bamboo Leaf Soup in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)
5, cure Bailin: one and a half yuan each for Lophatherum Bambusae, Plantaginis, Jujube, Black Bean (fried, shelled), Wick and Glycyrrhiza. Take one, use two glasses of water, and fry until.
Seven points, come to me and be gentle at any time. ("Miao Fang" bamboo leaf soup)
6. Treatment of small intestine warming and oral stranguria: bamboo shavings, Akebia stem, licorice, plantain seeds (fried), San Qian and Radix Rehmanniae, decocted with water. (Dao Chisan in The Simple Meaning of Medical Power)
7, cure postpartum insufficient blood gas, hyperhidrosis: bamboo leaves, three-in-one decoction, take it at a mild temperature, and then take it. (Economic Efficiency Produces Wealth)
8, the treatment of poor head sores, red pain: a catty of bamboo leaves burned ash, smashed into the end, white with chicken essence, coated on the third and fourth. (Sheng Huifang)
9. After curing cholera, bamboo leaves are hot, thirsty and restless: boil bamboo leaf juice and drink five or six. (Shengji always records Zhuyeqing Decoction) 10, Zhuyeqing treats all kinds of stranguria: fry until it is seven minutes cooked, come to our place and take it at any time. ("Qi Fang" Bamboo Leaf Soup). ⑴ Clearing heart-fire and promoting diuresis: it is used for the symptoms such as sores on tongue coating, short and red urine, or adverse urination caused by excessive heart fire (such as acute urinary tract infection). It is often used with Shengdi, Akebia Akebia and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (such as Daochisan). Clearing away heat and vexation, promoting fluid production and diuresis, and treating fever and polydipsia, infantile convulsion, cough and vomiting, blushing, short and red urine and aphtha.
⑵ Clearing away heat and relieving annoyance: used for hot and upset after fever, often combined with gypsum and Ophiopogon japonicus. Studies have shown that the effective components of bamboo leaf extract include flavonoids, phenolic ketones, anthraquinones, lactones, polysaccharides, amino acids and trace elements. It has excellent effects of resisting free radicals, antioxidation, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, reducing blood fat, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, protecting liver, dilating capillaries, dredging microcirculation, activating brain, promoting memory, improving sleep, resisting cancer and beautifying skin. According to related research reports, at the second international conference on natural antioxidants, many scholars at home and abroad reported the effects of natural bioflavonoids on bone marrow toxicity and immune function inhibition caused by anticancer drugs, on microcirculation and platelet function of patients with coronary heart disease, and on improving myocardial hemorrhage.
Bamboo leaves have the traditional efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials in traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effects of clearing away heat, relieving restlessness, promoting fluid production and diuresis. Can be used for treating fever, polydipsia, convulsion, cough, vomiting, blushing, short and red urine, aphtha, etc. Bamboo leaf extract has good technological characteristics, easy to dissolve in hot water and low concentration alcohol, high water and heat stability, good processing adaptability and high antioxidant stability. When the local concentration greatly exceeds the standard, the oxidation promotion effect of tea polyphenols will not appear. At the same time, the bamboo leaf extract has a typical bamboo leaf fragrance, which is refreshing and pleasant, slightly bitter and slightly sweet. Bamboo leaf extract can be widely used in medicine, food, anti-aging products, beauty cosmetics, feed and other fields. 1. "Records of Famous Doctors": "The phlegm in the main chest is hot, and the cough is also negative."
2. "Medicine Meaning": "Bamboo leaves are fragrant and transparent, slightly bitter, cool and hot, and have a clear smell. Confucian classics say: treating warming and clearing the heart, specializing in clearing the heart qi, so that the heart meridian is broken. Indications are summer heat to quench thirst, hot phlegm in the chest, typhoid fever, cough and asthma, all of which are good medicines. " flavone
Flavonoids from bamboo leaves are of great significance to human health and longevity. Japanese scientific and technological circles believe that the structure of bamboo leaf flavonoids is similar to human hemoglobin, so it can be made into injections and injected directly into veins to improve the curative effect of the products.
Flavonoids from bamboo leaves are safe and nontoxic. As we all know, Ginkgo biloba leaves contain a certain amount of ginkgolic acid, which is harmful to human body and must be completely removed. However, in the study of effective components of bamboo leaves, no toxic and harmful components have been found so far, and its safety is much higher than that of Ginkgo biloba extract.
antioxygen
Antioxidants from bamboo leaves
barley tea
Bamboo leaf barley tea is made of bamboo leaf flavonoids extracted from bamboo leaves and germ barley by scientific methods. The health care function of bamboo leaf flavonoids is remarkable and unique, which has many benefits to human health: anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, bacteriostatic, parasite-inhibiting, virus-inhibiting, liver disease-preventing, vascular disease-preventing, vascular embolism-preventing, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases-preventing, anti-tumor, anti-chemical poison and so on. The functional factors contained in bamboo leaves are mainly flavonoid glycosides and coumarin lactones, and the content and biological activity of their effective components are equivalent to those of Ginkgo biloba extract. At the same time, bamboo leaf flavonoids contain no harmful components and anti-nutritional factors, and have no side effects. Its effective components can go deep into the focus and play a direct role. Flavonoids from bamboo leaves can scavenge all kinds of active free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, bamboo leaf flavonoids also have anti-aging and anti-fatigue effects, which can improve the immune function of human body. Antioxidant is the weakest link in the variety structure of food additive industry in China. Especially, there are 47 kinds of natural antioxidants abroad, and their antioxidant effects are obviously better than BHA and BHT, such as rosemary extract, licorice antioxidant, tea polyphenols, ellagic acid, sunflower seed extract, etc. However, only a few kinds of tea polyphenols, phytic acid (sodium), phospholipids and licorice antioxidants are approved for use in China. Replacing synthetic antioxidants with natural edible antioxidants is the development trend of food industry in the future, and it is more important to develop practical, efficient and low-cost natural antioxidants with local resource characteristics and independent intellectual property rights. China has a vast territory and rich resources, and has a tradition of homology of medicine and food for thousands of years. It has unique advantages to develop natural, nutritious and multifunctional food additives.
China is known as the "Bamboo Kingdom", where there are more than 400 kinds of bamboos belonging to more than 40 genera, and the bamboo forest covers an area of about 4 million hectares. With its unique biological, ecological and multi-purpose characteristics, bamboo has attracted more and more attention and played an increasingly important role in China's sustainable development strategy. China is at the international leading level in the research and development of effective components of bamboo leaves. Since 1998, the author and his collaborators have done a lot of research on the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of bamboo leaf flavonoids. For example, in vitro simulation experiments at the molecular level show that Phyllostachys pubescens leaf extract can significantly inhibit AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation and prevent Cu++-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in human serum. Strengthening 1% bamboo leaf extract in wheat milk extract (Ahuatian) significantly improved the anti-free radical and anti-oxidation ability of the product and protected the activities of VA and VE. After adding a certain amount of bamboo leaf extract to beer, the antioxidant performance and storage stability were greatly enhanced, and the recovery of diacetyl was significantly inhibited. The controllable acid hydrolysis of bamboo leaf flavonoids can convert some flavonoid glycosides into aglycones, and the lipophilicity is significantly improved. The rapid determination of TBA showed that the hydrolyzed aglycone showed the same antioxidant activity as BHT in rapeseed oil system, and its effective concentration was about 0.2 ‰. The improved oven test showed that the ability of hydrolyzed aglycone to inhibit lard peroxidation was similar to that of quercetin and tea polyphenols. The results of chemiluminescence determination showed that the activity of hydrolyzed aglycone was similar to that of quercetin. It shows that bamboo leaf flavonoids have the development potential as natural antioxidants. In 2002, "Antioxidant from Bamboo Leaves" was listed as the first item of "Summary of Priority Products in Food Additive Industry" in the National Guide for New Product Development of Light Industry by the State Economic and Trade Commission.
Since 2002, China has systematically studied the production technology, physical and chemical properties, quality standards, toxicological test results and application effects (application scope and maximum dosage) of bamboo leaf antioxidants according to the requirements of "Hygienic Standard for the Use of Food Additives in People's Republic of China (PRC)".
1. production process
AOB is a phenolic preparation obtained from bamboo leaves. Gramineae, Bambusoideae and Phyllostachys. Its production process can be further crystallized on the basis of the original patented technology, or refined by combined membrane separation technology on the basis of the crude extract of bamboo leaves.
2. Chemical composition
The antioxidant components of AOB include flavonoids, lactones and phenolic acids, and the content of total flavonoids is 30%. Because the antioxidant activity of the components obtained after further separation by column chromatography and countercurrent chromatography is lower than or equal to that of this product, it is a complex synergistic mixture. Among them, flavonoids are mainly flavonoid carboglycosides, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin. Lactones are mainly hydroxycoumarin and its glycosides; Phenolic acids are mainly derivatives of cinnamic acid, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid.
3. Identification method
AOB is yellow or brownish yellow powder or particles, soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. AOB is hygroscopic and quite stable in dry state. Identification of chemical reagent: take 0.5g of this product and dissolve it in 95% ethanol 100 ml, and the identification is as follows: take the above solution 1mL and add 2 ~ 3 drops of 1% FeCl 3- ethanol solution, the solution should be dark blue or blue purple. Take 1 ml of the above solution and add 2 ~ 3 drops 1% ALC L3- ethanol solution, the solution should be bright yellow; Take 0.5g of this product, add 10mL ether, extract with ultrasonic wave for 30s, and filter. Take 1mL filtrate, put it in a water bath at 70 ~ 90℃ to evaporate the ether, and then add 2% m-dinitrobenzene solution (prepared with 95% ethanol) and 2.5 mol/L KOH aqueous solution in turn, each with 1mL, which immediately turns reddish, and put it in the above hot water bath and quickly turns into deep purple red. The infrared spectrum of potassium bromide tablets shows that there are characteristic absorption around 3400,2900, 16 10, 1520, 1080 cm- 1. After being dissolved in spectrally pure methanol, it was scanned in the wavelength range of 200 ~ 600 nm. The ultraviolet spectrum shows that there are two main absorption peaks in the region of 240 ~ 400 nm, among which there is a strong absorption peak in the region of 240 ~ 280 nm and a strong absorption peak in the region of 300 ~ 350 nm, which shows the typical characteristics of plant flavonoids preparations.
4. Safety assessment
Bamboo leaves have a long history of edible and medicinal use in China and even in Southeast Asia. 1998 (light) bamboo leaves were approved by the Ministry of Health to be included in the List of Natural Products with the Same Origin of Medicine and Food. In 2002 and 2003, the "Zhukangning" capsules and tablets containing bamboo leaf flavonoids also obtained the health food approval number 1999 respectively.
According to GB15193-1994 "Procedures and Methods for Toxicological Evaluation of Food Safety" of the Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention studied the antioxidant activity of Lifu brand bamboo leaves.
The experimental study of bamboo leaves lasted for more than a year. The results showed that in the first stage, the acute oral lethal dose (LD50) of rats and mice was greater than 10000mg/kg body weight for both sexes, which was actually non-toxic according to the acute toxicity grading standard. The results of Ames test in the second stage were negative, and the results of micronucleus test of mouse bone marrow cells and sperm abnormality test in mice were negative, suggesting that the sample was not mutagenic. In the third stage, rats were fed with low, medium and high dosage groups for 90 days, which were respectively 100, 200 and 300 times of the maximum possible human intake (860mg/d). The results showed that all the indexes had no obvious toxic reaction, and the maximum ineffective dose of AOB was 4.3g/kg body weight. The traditional teratogenic test showed that there was no obvious maternal toxicity, embryonic toxicity and teratogenic effect in each dose group. In the first generation reproductive test of rats, there was no obvious toxic reaction in maternal-fetal effect. Metabolic test showed that four kinds of C-glycoside flavonoids in AOB were not directly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of rats, but were not detected in plasma and major tissues and organs (liver, kidney, brain and muscle) at all stages after gastric perfusion, and were 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h and/kloc-0 after gastric perfusion. The recoveries of the four carboglycosides were 83.3%, 68.8%, 65.0%, 6 1. 1%, 59.9%, 59. 1%, 57.8%, 53.7% and 51.respectively. After one-time gastric perfusion, the protozoa detected in feces accounted for 27.6% of the intake, and no protozoa was excreted in urine. Another major hydroxycoumarin component in AOB is mainly absorbed by blood. After oral administration, it was not detected in liver, brain and muscle tissue of rats, but was detected in blood and kidney. After 24 hours of administration, 1.9% of this component was detected in urine, and no bamboo leaves were detected in feces.
(1) Bielu: Xin Ping, Great Cold.
② Theory of medicinal properties: sweet and non-toxic.
(3) Yan Lu Materia Medica: bitter, sweet, slightly cold and non-toxic.
4 "Materia Medica": sweet and light, Pingliang.
① "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": Entering the lungs.
② Description of the nature of Leigong's processed drugs: entering the heart, lungs and stomach.
3 "Materia Medica": Starting from the Sun Sutra.
④ Drug meaning: entering the heart, lungs and tendons. Zhuye Huangcen Decoction Ⅰ
Source "Preparing for Emergency Needs", vol. XIX.
Bamboo leaves (cut) 30g, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 6g, Poria cocos 9g, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 6g, Radix Rehmanniae 6g, Ginger 15g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 18g, 12g.
Jiuwei is in use, alas. Boil 900 ml of water to 300 ml, take it twice except me.
Indications: excessive essence and heat, blindness, tooth loss, physical weakness and pain, and asthenic heat all over the body.
Zhuye Huangcen Decoction Ⅱ
Source: Internal Medicine Abstracts.
It consists of 6 grams of Lophatherum Bambusae, 3 grams of Radix Astragali, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Scutellariae Radix, Gypsum Fibrosum (stew), Radix Paeoniae and Radix Ginseng.
Decoct with water.
Indications: deficiency of both qi and blood, excessive stomach fire and thirst, carbuncle and swelling, hairy back and various sores and poisons.
Zhuye Huang Cen decoction Ⅲ
Source: Jin Jian of Medical Zong, Volume 62.
Consists of 2.4g of Ginseng, 2.4g of Astragalus membranaceus, 2.4g of Gypsum Fibrosum (calcined), 2.4g of Pinellia ternata (processed), 2.4g of Ophiopogon japonicus, 6g of Radix Rehmanniae, 2.4g of Radix Paeoniae Alba, 2.4g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, 2.4g of Ligusticum Chuanxiong, 2.4g of Angelica sinensis, 0/0 tablets of Bamboo Leaves and 2.4g of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
Usage: twelve flavors, 400 ml of water, 3 slices of ginger and 20 wicks, decocted to 320 ml, and taken on an empty stomach.
Indications: carbuncle, carbuncle, back, various furuncles, intense heat in exterior and interior, insufficient leucorrhea, and dry mouth.
Deng Xin bamboo leaf tea
Source: "Reference Materials of Prescriptions for Common Diseases"
Consists of 5 grams of Juncus Juncus and 30 grams of fresh bamboo leaves.
Function: clearing away heart fire, removing annoyance and diuresis.
Indications: insomnia due to deficiency of heart yin; Or fever consumes sadness and yin, causing anxiety and thirst and insomnia at night.
Methods put the medicine in a thermos cup, brew it with boiling water, cover it with 15 ~ 20 minutes, and drink it frequently instead of tea. 1 hour before going to bed, brew according to the original amount.
If you can't help urinating, avoid using it with caution.