2,2012, 10, 1 1, at 7: 00 pm, Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature and was the first China writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. ?
3.20 15 15 The Caroline Medical College in Sweden announced in Stockholm that Tu Youyou, a female scientist from China, shared the 20 15 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with a Japanese scientist and an Irish scientist.
In addition to Mo Yan and Tu Youyou, nine China scientists have won the Nobel Prize. They are Gao Kun (physics prize in 2009), Qian Yongjian (chemistry prize in 2008) and Gao Xingjian (literature prize in 2000).
(1998 physics prize), Zhu (1997 physics prize), (1986 chemistry prize), (1976 physics prize), (1957 physics prize).
Extended data:
Tu Youyou:
65438-0969, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accepted the research task of antimalarial drugs. Tu Youyou led the research group to systematically collect and sort out medical books, materia medica and folk prescriptions in past dynasties. On the basis of collecting more than 2,000 prescriptions, he compiled an anti-malaria prescription with 640 drugs as the main components.
After more than 380 failures, more than 200 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines were studied experimentally, and modern medicine and methods were used to analyze and study, and the extraction methods were continuously improved. Finally, the antimalarial excavation of Artemisia annua was successfully realized in 197 1.
1972 An antimalarial monomer named artemisinin was isolated from the effective part. Artemisinin is a new antimalarial drug, which has the advantages of "high efficiency, quick response and low toxicity" and has special effects on all kinds of malaria, especially drug-resistant malaria.
1973 was used to synthesize dihydroartemisinin, and the carbonyl group in artemisinin structure was confirmed. Through the structure-activity relationship study, it is clear that peroxide is the main antimalarial active group in artemisinin structure, and the reduction of carbonyl group to hydroxyl group can increase the efficiency on the premise of retaining peroxide, which opens up a new situation for the research of artemisinin derivatives at home and abroad.
1978, artemisinin antimalarial research project won the "National Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Award" of the National Science Conference;
1979, artemisinin research results won the second prize of the National Invention Award of the State Science and Technology Commission;
1984, the successful development of artemisinin was rated as one of the "20 major medical scientific and technological achievements in the 35 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China" by the Chinese Medical Association.
1986, "artemisinin" obtained a new drug certificate (86 Wei Yao Zheng Zi X-01);
1992, dihydroartemisinin was awarded the "National Top Ten Scientific and Technological Achievement Award" by the State Science and Technology Commission.
1992, "dihydroartemisinin and its tablets" obtained the certificate of a new drug (92 Wei Yao Certificate X-66,67).
In 2003, "dihydroartemisinin suppository" and artemisinin were made into oral tablets and obtained "new drug certificate", which were named as national medicine certificate H2003034 1 and H20030 144 respectively.
With the support of relevant departments of Beijing Medical University, dihydroartemisinin has been used to treat lupus erythematosus and photosensitive diseases. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as "Drug Clinical Research Approval Number" (2004L02089) and China Invention Patent (PatentNo.: ZL 99 103346.9). According to the preliminary observation of clinical curative effect of 100 cases, the total effective rate is 94% and the remarkable effective rate is 44%.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tu Youyou