1. Investment in education is second only to military expenditure. According to the data of Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel's education expenditure in 20 15 was about $26.4 billion, accounting for 8% of GDP.
With a population of 8.4 million, the per capita expenditure on education in Israel is eight times that in China. Israel's investment in education is second only to military expenditure.
In addition to paying teachers' salaries, their education expenditure is mainly used for school research projects and the purchase of teaching equipment. 2. In the education system, teachers play a vital role.
"The teachers here are the best scholars in academia. They are generally trained by the Israeli education system and go to the United Kingdom and the United States for further study after graduation. " Gui Haoming, a China student studying for a master's degree in the Middle East and * * * at Hebrew University, said.
Gao Zhengqing, a China student majoring in civil engineering at Israel Institute of Technology, is very satisfied with his teacher. "They know where students understand and where they don't understand, and the lectures are gradual and clear." 3. Keep asking questions and dare to ask questions. Children should learn to ask questions from the beginning of preschool education. This is the most basic educational method in Israeli education.
"Israeli students are good at asking questions." Wu, who is studying for a doctorate in computational neurobiology at Hebrew University, is deeply touched by this.
Israeli schools encourage students to ask questions, and students will keep asking questions in class. Although teachers are well prepared before class, they are sometimes stumped. "This situation seems to offend teachers in China, but in Israel, teachers will feel that they are not doing well enough."
Wu dui said: there is an Israeli proverb, "when two Jews are together, they will never agree with each other."
Dong, an international student from China studying at Hebrew University, said: "Whether in class or in the company meeting room, one second the Israelis are still blushing, and the next, everyone is happy as if nothing had happened." 4, practical exercise ability Gao Zhengqing said that Israeli teachers have led students to visit the cement plant.
In the factory, teachers help students review the theoretical knowledge they have learned, and factory staff will introduce various types of cement and specific production processes. "This kind of outing course is once a year, and the teacher explains it to the students on the spot, like a tour guide, but more professional than a tour guide."
Not only science and engineering, but also humanities and history courses will arrange for students to go out to study. Li Songlin, a China student studying chemical engineering at Israel Institute of Technology, said: "Teachers who teach Israeli history will take students to museums, historical sites or important landmarks, such as the Red Sea and the Golan Heights."
Shlomo Maital, a professor at the Israeli Institute of Technology and a world-renowned scholar of innovation and entrepreneurship, advocates "action learning". Professor Maertel believes that although knowledge can be acquired through reading, skills, such as entrepreneurial ability, need to be learned through practice, "just like swimming needs to be learned in water."
Israeli children receive practical education since childhood, and primary and secondary schools offer handicraft classes. Boys do carpentry or metalworking, while girls learn crafts related to family life and agriculture. In senior high school, students have to participate in 60 hours of voluntary activities every year, with an average of 70 minutes per week.
The teacher will give comments according to the students' performance. Students who have not completed social activities are not qualified to go to college, and it is difficult for students with poor grades to enter a good university. 5. Universities "hand in hand" enterprises Israeli universities maintain close cooperative relations with enterprises, not only in the field of teaching, but also in the level of scientific and technological transformation.
The "hand in hand" between universities and enterprises has become the source of innovation in Israel. Department of Computer Science is the largest department in Israel Institute of Technology, ranking 20 12 in the world 18.
The department cooperates with many companies around the world, including Google, IBM, Apple, Intel and other companies. According to Tamer Salman, a professor of the department, the staff of the cooperative enterprise will give lectures at the school to introduce the latest development of the industry to the students.
Some enterprises choose to cooperate with professors to complete research projects. In addition, students can choose projects provided by companies that cooperate with the courses according to their interests, and complete the projects together under the guidance of professors and company professionals.
In this process, students apply what they have learned, and enterprises give full play to their talent advantages to promote projects. The Science and Technology Transformation Center of Hebrew University supports professors and researchers to connect with enterprises and bring successfully developed products to the market.
Enterprises and schools form a benign interaction, schools promote innovation and gain benefits, and enterprises also have a steady stream of talents and wealth. At present, the school transformation center has obtained more than 880 technical patents, and commercial products generate more than $2 billion in sales worldwide every year.
6. Special military service education In Israel, men who have reached the age of 18 must perform military service for 3 years and women must perform military service for 2 years. There are many reasons for military service in the Talmud, one of which is that "being a soldier can make people more confident, have management ability and know how to deal with pressure."
Soldiers train continuously for two or three weeks, lasting several hours at a time, with short breaks and little food, and all kinds of activities are carried out under strict time limits. In this training environment, soldiers need to have the ability to quickly respond to emergencies and challenges.
The army is like a melting pot, bringing together people with different backgrounds, cultures and personalities. In work and training, young people build their own social circles, solve problems and overcome difficulties together.
Ella Miron-Scopel, an associate professor in the Engineering Management Department of Israel Institute of Technology, said that the military is a unique way for Israelis to learn teamwork. Israeli youth usually don't return to school immediately after military service.
Most people choose to travel to South America or Asia, which not only releases the pressure, but also broadens their horizons. They earn money by working all the way and meet different people and things. Amit Bermon, 2 1 year-old, now works as a stewardess in Israel Airlines.
He likes traveling, and this job gives him the opportunity to see the scenery of different cities around the world. He likes Hong Kong very much. "Hong Kong is full of all kinds of colors, and everything is very attractive."
Under this special education, many young people are more mature, decisive and responsible than their peers who have never served in military service, whether starting a business or returning to school. An Israeli writer, SauI Singer, wrote in "Entrepreneurial Country-Enlightenment from Israel's Economic Miracle": "In Israel, to some extent, a person's academic experience is not as important as his military experience."
2. What are the three core concepts of innovative education in Israel?
Israel has a small territory and is short of natural resources. Dissatisfaction with reality forces them to innovate and change constantly. The environment makes Israelis very tolerant of failure, especially in dealing with entrepreneurship. This is also an important reason why Israelis can regard entrepreneurship as a career. The instability of the living environment gives Israelis a strong sense of crisis. When starting a business, they will not consider the length of time, so they will sell it when the business is getting bigger and bigger. Therefore, Israeli venture capitalists tend to be more enthusiastic about the initial stage of enterprises.
Individualism and collectivism coexist in Israeli society. As mentioned earlier, Israel has a tradition of military service, and their collectivism comes from military training under this equal system. The team emphasizes interdependence, and the harsh living environment makes everyone in Israeli society have to coordinate and cooperate with each other.
The good innovative thinking and entrepreneurial motivation of Israeli entrepreneurs are not unrelated to Israel's unique culture. The equality advocated by Israeli culture gives Israelis the innovative power of freedom, openness and daring to think and do. The hierarchical concept of Israeli society is very indifferent. If China's hierarchy is counted as 99, then Israel is 0 to 3, even more equal than the United States. In addition, the social unrest environment has also tempered the high tolerance of risks and the ability of Israelis to deal with risks quickly.
Of course, people will first think that the ability to innovate comes from Jewish genes, but even the best genes need education. Education is not to compete which students get high marks, but to teach children to think independently. This is the education in Israel. Since elementary school, Israeli children have challenged authority and kept asking questions; When I grow up, I am full of the spirit of challenging authority, so it is difficult to be a teacher in Israel. But it is more difficult to be the leader of Israel, because you can't give orders by power, but you need to convince your men through debate. This kind of speculation that does not obey authority is commonly known as "two Jews and three views."
Secondly, Israeli culture is suitable for innovation. People in this country do not take failure seriously. If a company goes bankrupt, you can create another one. This society is very tolerant of failure. So young people in Israel start to work as soon as they have an idea, and they will not hesitate to do it. Of course, failure will pay a price, such as losing property and your wife divorcing you, but Israelis have no social pressure and will not commit suicide by caesarean section like the Japanese.
Israel's ability to innovate is not because of its excellent genes, but because children are encouraged to challenge authority from an early age, and society has a high tolerance for failure.
Third, Israel has a perfect social environment to encourage entrepreneurship. Venture capital provides financial support and * * * helps from policies and regulations, such as setting up incubators. Israel is a small country. It is easy to find friends and help you need through friends, which is also good news for innovation.
In addition, Israel respects intellectual property rights, and scientists' patents can account for 25% of the shares, without worrying about their own achievements being stolen.
There is also a special reason that cannot be ignored, that is, the people of Israel are all soldiers. According to Israeli law, both boys and girls must join the army at the age of 18, with 3 years for boys and 2 years for girls. During the service in the army, due to the dangerous living environment in Israel, we must always be vigilant, and everyone learned teamwork; Some soldiers are promoted to commanders, thus learning management skills, which is of great benefit to entrepreneurship.
3. Why are Israelis so innovative?
Israelis are Jews.
Jew-a resounding name. A nation with the highest wisdom of mankind, a nation that has been displaced and experienced vicissitudes. Miraculous revival and miraculous rise. Without God's protection, they would have been assimilated by other countries.
They have experienced war, so they are strong and hardworking.
In addition, Jews really attach great importance to education and learning. The average annual reading of Israelis is 68, and that of Russians is nearly three times that of Russia. They are knowledgeable and innovative, making Israel a rich country.
And their spirit of debate. They attach great importance to the extension of knowledge, so they think more.
Finally, Jews are really smart.
These points should explain their sense of innovation.